Isimo sezulu

Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, i-ISC—ngenhlangano eyandulelayo, i-International Council for Science (ICSU) - ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yoMhlaba, indawo, kanye nemvelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda kohlelo loMhlaba kanye nobukhulu balo be-biophysical nobuntu, kanye nomkhathi. Izinhlelo ezihlanganyelwe zesayensi ezixhaswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-ISC nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingaphakathi ohlelweni lwe-UN, ziholele entuthukweni enkulu kukho kokubili ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuphathwa kwezindaba zomhlaba. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo indima ye-ICSU ekuthuthukiseni imizamo yesayensi yesimo sezulu yamazwe ngamazwe.

Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1950, ukubambisana kwesayensi kwamazwe ngamazwe ngesimo sezulu kwakunomkhawulo. Unyaka we-International Geophysical Year (IGY) owawuholwa yi-ICSU ngo-1957-58 wahlanganisa ososayensi abavela emazweni angaphezu kuka-60 ukuze kubonwe ngendlela ehlelekile futhi wabona kwethulwa i-Sputnik 1. Lokhu kwaholela ekwakhiweni kweKomidi le-ICSU Lokucwaninga Emkhathini (i-COSPAR) ngo-1958.

IGY iholele ngqo ku 1959 Antarctic Treaty, ekhuthaza ukusebenzisana okunokuthula kwesayensi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ucwaningo lwe-Antarctic, i-ICSU isungule uhlelo IKomidi Lesayensi Locwaningo Lwe-Antarctic (i-SCAR) ngo-1958. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ICSU yasungula i- IKomidi Lesayensi Locwaningo Lwezasolwandle (SCOR) ukubhekana nezinselele zolwandle zomhlaba. Wonke la makomiti asasebenza nanamuhla.

Ngemva kwempumelelo ye-IGY, i-UN General Assembly yamema i-ICSU ukuthi isebenze kanye ne-World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ocwaningweni lwesayensi ye-atmospheric. Lokhu kwaholela eNgqungqutheleni Yesimo Sezulu Yomhlaba ka-1979, lapho ochwepheshe baqinisekisa umthelela wesimo sezulu wesikhathi eside wokukhuphuka kwamazinga e-CO₂. I-ICSU, i-WMO, ne-UNEP bese bethula uhlelo Uhlelo Lokucwaninga Ngesimo Sezulu Lomhlaba futhi, ngo-1985, bahlela umhlangano obalulekile eVillach, e-Austria. Okutholakele kwayo kwabeka isisekelo sokuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholele ekwakhiweni kwe Iphaneli Kahulumeni Yezinguquko Zesimo Sezulu (IPCC) e 1988.