Ukuvikela indima yesayensi njengento enhle yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke enkathini yokuncintisana kwezepolitiki

Isayensi ibunjwa kakhulu ukuncintisana kwezepolitiki, izintshisekelo ezinikezwe kanye nokulwela izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakusebenza. Lokhu kunciphisa ikhono lesayensi lokusebenzela imiphakathi nokubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba wonke ezihlanganyelwe, kuyilapho kuqinisa ukuzibandakanya kwayo kwezepolitiki kanye nokuthobela izintshisekelo zamasu nezikhethekile.

Isayensi iyisisulu salezi zinguquko futhi ingamandla angakhulisa izingxabano nokungezwani. Ukuncintisana kwamanje ngobuchwepheshe obubalulekile (kufaka phakathi imincintiswano yezikhali zempi) kugcizelela ubunjalo obuphindwe kabili bokusetshenziswa kolwazi lwesayensi. Kulesi simo, indima ethembekile yesayensi njengento enhle yomphakathi womhlaba wonke[1], umthombo owabiwe ozuzisa wonke umuntu futhi ohlala utholakala kalula, usengozini yokuwohloka kakhulu ukuncintisana okunesu kanye nokuhlukana kwezepolitiki.

Njengoba ukugxambukela kwezepolitiki kanye nemibono kukhula ngokuya kubumba ama-ajenda nemiphumela yocwaningo, ukusetshenziswa kobufakazi besayensi ekwenzeni izinqubomgomo kuya ngokuya kuhlanekezelwa. Ukwanda kwezepolitiki kanye nokuhlukana kwezinhlelo zesayensi kunciphisa kancane kancane ukubambisana kanye nokwabelana ngedatha, kuyilapho kwenza ukufinyelela olwazini lwesayensi kuqhubeke kungalingani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubeka phambili izintshisekelo ze-geopolitical kanye ne-assets kukhuthaza amasiko okungazibandakanyi kwesayensi futhi kusheshise ukuwohloka kwekhono labacwaningi lokwenza ucwaningo ngokukhululeka, futhi kwezinye izimo, ngokuzibophezela.[2]

Akukho simiso sesayensi esingavikelwa yizingcindezi, kungaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Imikhawulo yokuthi isayensi yenziwa kanjani futhi yabelwane ngayo ayigcini nje ngezimo ezibuthakathaka noma ezithintekile yizingxabano kodwa iyabonakala kuzo zonke izifunda nakuwo wonke amazinga omthamo wesayensi. Intuthuko yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ukuphazanyiswa kwezepolitiki manje kuthinta izinhlelo zocwaningo ezazicatshangwa ukuthi zivikelekile ezingcindezini ezinjalo. Imingcele ekhulayo ezungeze inkululeko yezemfundo emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa nokwenza buthaka ukuzimela kwezikhungo, ikhombisa usongo lokuguqulwa kwekhono lesayensi lokukhuluma ngaphesheya kwemingcele nemingcele. Izingxabano ezinde ziye zaphazamisa ingqalasizinda yocwaningo lukazwelonke futhi zinegalelo enqubweni ende yokulahlekelwa yithalente.[3] Ukufuduka kososayensi kanye nokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wabo kungenye yezinsongo ezinkulu kakhulu ezibhekene nesistimu yethu yocwaningo lomhlaba wonke,[4] [5] [6] ngokuya ngokuya kulo lonke elaseNtshonalanga. Ukuwohloka kwezinhlelo zocwaningo lukazwelonke, okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa okuqondile kwezikhungo nabasebenzi, kuyisikhali sempi. Ukuqhubekela phambili, kumele, njengomphakathi wesayensi oxhumene nomhlaba wonke, sakhe izindlela zokuvikela nezokubuyisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.[7]

Izinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wethu, njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuwohloka kwemvelo, izinsongo zempilo yomphakathi, ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezingxabano, kuzozuza isu elihlanganyelwe lokuvikela. Izimpendulo zalezi zinselelo zomhlaba wonke zincike olwazini lwesayensi oluzimele, olusobala nolutholakala emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuqonda okwabiwe. Umbono weplanethi wokuphatha kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ngale kwemingcele kazwelonke neyesifunda ubalulekile, njengoba izinhlelo zesayensi ezihlukene noma ezivinjelwe zingenakuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo. Ososayensi kumele basebenzisane ukuze baqaphele, bavikele futhi basekele ilungelo labo bonke abantu lokubamba iqhaza futhi bazuze kwisayensi.[8]

Leli lungelo linikeza uhlaka olunezimiso nolusebenzayo lokuqonda nokubhekana nezinselele ezivezwe ngenhla ngokuqinisekisa kokubili ilungelo lomhlaba wonke lokufinyelela nokufaka isandla olwazini lwesayensi ngokuzibophezela kanye nezibopho eziphethwe yizifundazwe ukuze kuvunyelwe izimo ezinjalo. Lixhumanisa ibhizinisi lesayensi nemigomo yokusimama, ukulingana kanye nenhlalakahle emazingeni kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokugcizelela ukuthi ingqalasizinda yesayensi (yezakhamuzi) kanye nabasebenzi kufanele, okungenani, baphathwe njengezivikelo kunokuba kube yizinhloso ezisemthethweni, liyaqaphela ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwamandla esayensi ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kubalulekile enhlalakahleni kazwelonke, yesifunda kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuzinza komnotho.

Kudingeka isinyathelo esihlelekile ngokushesha ukuvikela izimo lapho ilungelo lokubamba iqhaza nokuzuza kwisayensi lingasetshenziswa khona ngokugcwele futhi lapho isayensi ingasebenza khona njengenzuzo yomphakathi womhlaba wonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• ukuthi Amalungu e-ISC asebenzisana nontanga yawo kanye nohulumeni ukuze kuvikelwe inkululeko yesayensi kanye nobuqotho ekuphazamisekeni kwezepolitiki, kwemibono kanye nokuvikeleka okungafanele[9];
• ukuthi ohulumeni kanye nabadlali besayensi besifunda kanye nabezizwe eziningi basebenza ukugcina ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngenkathi bebhekana nezinkinga zokuphepha ezifanele ngendlela efanele;
• ukuthi ukuvikela ososayensi, ingqalasizinda yedatha kanye nocwaningo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zenhlekelele, izingxabano noma ukungazinzi, kubekwa phambili kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanele zokulungiselela nokwakha kabusha[10].

Lezi zinto ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubufakazi besayensi bufakwa ngendlela ehlelekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezithinta amazwe amaningi[11]. Ezweni elincikene, lapho izinqumo zinemiphumela ewela imingcele, ukuvikela isayensi ezimele, enesibopho, evulekile nesebenzisana namazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ubukhosi ngendlela enesibopho. Ulwazi lwesayensi olubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekuvikeleni imiphakathi yomhlaba wonke akumelwe lubekwe ngaphansi kwezintshisekelo zesizwe ezilinganiselwe.

Isayensi iletha inani layo elikhulu, okuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, lapho isebenza njengebhizinisi elibambisene kanye nomzamo womhlaba wonke; lapho ikhiqiza ulwazi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha futhi isiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga zomhlaba wonke.[12] Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwesayensi lomhlaba wonke kumele luvumelane namaqiniso okuncintisana kwezepolitiki ngaphandle kokulahla izimiso zokuvuleleka, ukubambisana kanye nokuzimela kwesayensi.

Okubhekwayo

[1] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Isayensi Njengomsebenzi Womphakathi Womhlaba Wonke. 2021; kanye noMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (i-ISC). Imibono Yanamuhla Ngenkululeko Nomthwalo Wemfanelo Kwezesayensi. 2021. https://council.science/our-work/freedom-and-responsibility-in-science/

[2] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Izimiso Zenkululeko Nomthwalo Wemfanelo Kwezesayensi. 2022. https://council.science/freedom-and-responsibility-in-science/

[3] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Ukusekela Ososayensi BasePalestina Abasengozini Nabaxoshiwe. 2024. https://council.science/news/supporting-at-risk-and-displaced-palestinian-scientists/

[4] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Ulwazi Lwesayensi Olulahlekela Ukungqubuzana. Ibhulogi, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/storyworks/unlocking-science/the-scientific-knowledge-being-lost-to-conflict

[5] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Ukusekela Ososayensi BasePalestina Abasengozini Nabaxoshiwe. 2024. https://council.science/news/supporting-at-risk-and-displaced-palestinian-scientists/

[6] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Isitatimende ngeSudan. 2023. https://council.science/blog/statement-sudan/

[7] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Ukuvikela Isayensi Ngezikhathi Zenhlekelele: Singayeka Kanjani Ukusabela Futhi Sibe Nesimo Esisebenzayo Kakhulu? 2023. https://council.science/publications/protecting-science-in-times-of-crisis/

[8] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Ilungelo Lokubamba Iqhaza Nokuzuza Esayensini: Incazelo Ye-ISC. 2024. https://council.science/our-work/right-to-science/

[9] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Izimiso Zenkululeko Nomthwalo Wemfanelo Kwezesayensi. 2022.

[10] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Ukuvikela Isayensi Ezikhathini Zobunzima. 2023; kanye noMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (i-ISC). Isayensi Ezikhathini Zobunzima izinsizakusebenza zephrojekthi.

[11] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Isayensi Njengomsebenzi Womphakathi Womhlaba Wonke. 2021. https://council.science/publications/science-as-a-global-public-good/
UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Izitatimende mayelana nokubambisana kwamazwe amaningi kanye nezingozi zomhlaba wonke.

[12] UMkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe (ISC). Ukubambisana Kwezesayensi Yomhlaba Wonke: Kubalulekile Kodwa KusengoziniIsitatimende, Juni 2025. https://council.science/statements/international-scientific-collaboration-vital-yet-vulnerable/

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