Iholwa yiKomidi loMkhandlu leNkululeko nokuzibophezela kwezeSayensi (I-CFRS), lesi sikhundla siphendula isithakazelo esikhulayo phakathi kwamalungu e-ISC ezimisweni zoxhaso lwezimali zocwaningo. Igxile endaweni eyodwa ebalulekile lapho inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo nethengekayo ingenzeka kubo bonke, kusukela kubacwaningi ngabanye kuye kohulumeni: ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala obala kokuthi ucwaningo luxhaswa kanjani.
Isayensi ixhaswa ngezimali yimithombo eminingi: ohulumeni, izimboni, ama-NGO, nama-philanthropies. Kulolu hlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, izixhumanisi ezifihliwe zokuthola imali zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlanekezelwe okutholwe yisayensi, ukudukisa umphakathi, nokucindezela ubufakazi. Ukusebenzisa kabi okunjalo kubhebhezela ukwaziswa okungamanga, kulimaza ukwethenjwa kwesayensi, futhi kungalimaza abantu neplanethi.
Isikhundla esisha se-ISC sidinga ukuba sobala okugcwele ekuxhasweni kocwaningo njengendlela yokuqala elula, ephuthumayo, futhi ephumelelayo yokuzivikela ngokumelene nalezi zingozi. Iphinde igqamise ukuthi ukuvikela isayensi kuwumthwalo ohlanganyelwe osekelwe emalungelweni abantu. Lapho isayensi isetshenziswa kabi, abantu bayenqatshelwa ukufinyelela olwazini oluthembekile, futhi lokhu kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo komuntu ilungelo lokubamba iqhaza kanye nokuzuza kusayensi.
Isikhundla soMkhandlu Wesayensi Yamazwe Ngamazwe mayelana nokubonisana ngezimali zocwaningo
Indlela yesayensi incike ekuchayekeni, engxoxweni nasekuhlaziyweni, kwemiqondo eyinhloko, ubufakazi, nokungaqiniseki futhi ibukelwa phansi lapho le nqubo ihlanekezelwa noma icindezelwa. Izimali kanye nezinye izintshisekelo zabaxhasi nabacwaningi zingadala ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo kanye nokuhlanekezela noma ukucindezelwa kwezinqubo zocwaningo kanye nemiphumela. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenkulumompikiswano yesayensi kanye nokukhiqizwa kolwazi, kubalulekile ukuthi imithombo yezimali yocwaningo idalulwe esidlangalaleni. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kocwaningo yizinkampani ezizimele, ohulumeni, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi kungase kusekelwe uhla lwezintshisekelo ezihlobene nezinjongo zezomnotho, zezombusazwe noma zemibono, ezingase zibangele isithakazelo esikhona kumphumela othile wocwaningo oluxhaswayo. Ukuba khona kwezithakazelo ezinjalo akunakugwenywa. Ububi lesi sikhundla esifuna ukubhekana naso yilapho abaxhasi bezimali nabacwaningi befuna ukuthonya, ukuyekethisa noma ukukhohlisa izinqubo zocwaningo kanye nemiphumela ekuhlinzekweni kwalezo zintshisekelo.
Ibhizinisi lesimanje lesayensi lithembele emithonjeni eyahlukene yoxhaso lwezimali oluthinta imboni kahulumeni (isb. iminyango kahulumeni nezinhlangano ezihlangene), umkhakha ozimele (izimboni kanye nabanye abenza inzuzo) kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi (isib. imithombo yokusiza abantu kanye nama-NGO). Konke kuthuthukisa ukusungulwa kanye nokusekela intuthuko ebalulekile ethuthukisa futhi ivikele inhlalakahle yabantu neplanethi. Kodwa-ke, lonke ucwaningo lwesayensi lusengcupheni yokukhohliswa kanye nokuchema okuthinta abaxhasi nabacwaningi okungase kube nomthelela omubi ekunembeni nemiphumela yomphakathi. Izingozi zokukhohlisa nokuchema ziyancishiswa lapho imithombo yezimali kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwabaxhasi bezimali nabacwaningi kuvuleke ukuba kubukwe umphakathi kanye nomphakathi wesayensi.
Kwezinye izimo, abaxhasi bezimali abanamandla ngokwezimali abanezintshisakalo zezomnotho noma ezingezona ezezomnotho bangase basekele ngamasu izenzo ezifiphaza, zihlanekezele amaqiniso, eziphazamisa noma ezibukela phansi ukuvumelana okusekelwe kahle kwesayensi ukuze kuthuthukiswe lezo zintshisakalo. Ngale ndlela, uxhaso lwezimali locwaningo lungase lusetshenziselwe ukubeka engcupheni ubuqotho nemiphumela yesayensi nokusabalalisa ulwazi olunganembile kanye nolwazi olungaqondile.[1]
Kunezinqubo zokwaziswa okungelona iqiniso kanye ne-disinformation, ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi “incwadi yokudlala”, obuthembele ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabaxhasi nabacwaningi obufihlekile ekubonweni komphakathi. Basebenza, ngokwengxenye, ngoba umphakathi uholwa ekukholweni ukuthi ucwaningo olukhulunywayo lukhiqizwa ngaphandle kwezentengiso noma ezinye izithakazelo ezikhethekile. Imikhankaso yokulwa nesayensi eyenziwa izimboni zikagwayi, izinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, nezibulala-zinambuzane ziyizimo ezithile. Amasu nemithelela yazo manje seyaziwa kabanzi ngokudukisa umphakathi ngamabomu - ukudukisa ngamabomu kanye nenzuzo ebanzi. imiphumela emibi empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo Kanjalo, kukhona okuphambene nesayensi izenzo ngohulumeni, bethuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo, njengalezo ezinomthelela zezempilo futhi kwezemvelo izinqubomgomo. Le mikhankaso yomhlaba wonke iyaqhubeka, njengoba kwenza imizamo eminingi emincane yokufihla ubufakazi besayensi emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhlukunyezwa nokusetshenziswa kabi kwesistimu yesayensi kwehlisa ukwethenjwa komphakathi kwesayensi futhi kunamandla okubangela umonakalo omkhulu emphakathini. Usongo lukhulu ngokwanele ngokweWorld Economic Forum 2025 Global Risks Report ibala imininingwane engamanga kanye ne-disinformation (ngobubanzi, nangale komkhakha wesayensi) njengengcuphe ephezulu yesikhathi esifushane ekuthuthukisweni komuntu eminyakeni emibili ezayo - ngaphambi kwezehlakalo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu nezingxabano - futhi njengeyona yodwa yezingozi ezi-5 eziphezulu kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo ezingahlobene nokuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile yemvelo.
Abakwa-ISC Izimiso Zenkululeko Nomthwalo Wemfanelo Kwezesayensi gcizelela isibopho esabiwe kulo lonke uhlelo lwesayensi lomhlaba wonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi, idatha, kanye nokutholakele akunayo imithelela emibi evela ngenxa yezezimali nokunye ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo okuholela ekukhwabaniseni ucwaningo lwesayensi. Ukuvumela isayensi ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa ulwazi olungamanga kanye nokungalungi kumelela ukwehluleka kwale migomo, okubeka engcupheni imiphumela engamanga, edukisayo, kanye neyingozi. Ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu kubukela phansi ukuma nendima ye isayensi njengento enhle yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele - ulwazi olungalungile alukwazi ukuba yinsiza enenzuzo. Njengoba kwaqokonyiswa ngo-2024 bika kuMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu we-UN nguMlobi Okhethekile emkhakheni wamalungelo amasiko, ukuxhashazwa kobufakazi besayensi, idatha, kanye nokuvumelana emikhankasweni yolwazi olungelona iqiniso kanye ne-disinformation futhi kuveza ukwephulwa komthetho okukhulu ilungelo lokubamba iqhaza nokuzuza kusayensi ngokuvimbela umphakathi ekutholeni ulwazi olunembile lwesayensi nokulusebenzisa ngezindlela ezizuzisayo.
Ngo-2022 uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN wakhipha umbiko, Ukulwa ne-Disinformation, edinga ukutshalwa kwezimali empini yokulwa ne-disinformation. Amathuluzi amaningi akhona ukuze asize ekulweni nemininingwane engamanga kanye ne-disinformation, kodwa indlela eyodwa elula uma kuqhathaniswa nengenakuphikisana umphakathi wesayensi obekwe kahle ukuthi uyisebenzise kabanzi futhi ngokushesha igcizelela ukuthi yonke imithombo yezimali yocwaningo ibe sobala kuyo yonke imithombo yocwaningo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isukaphi. Ukubonisana ngezimali obala, nakuba kungesona isixazululo esiphelele, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esilula kakhulu sokunciphisa kanye nokukhipha izikhali imikhankaso yokulwa nesayensi engamanga nemikhankaso yokuqamba amanga. Ukwenza izinto ngale akusho ukwehliswa kwezimali, futhi izinhlangano sezinalo lonke ulwazi oludingekayo. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokusebenzisa ukubonisa izinto obala ngokuvamile ziphansi, kuyilapho imivuzo ingaba phezulu - ukwanda kokuphumelela kwesayensi nokwethenjwa kwesayensi, okuzuzisa umphakathi.
Umphakathi wesayensi womhlaba wonke - kuwo wonke amazinga, kusukela kubantu ngabanye kuye ezikhungweni nohulumeni - unomthwalo wemfanelo ocacile wokugcina nokwandisa obala kuyo yonke imithombo yezimali yocwaningo. Lesi sibopho sesiya ngokuya siphuthuma njengoba ukwehla kwezimali kukahulumeni kwenze amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo zocwaningo, ngokwesibonelo, zamukele izindlela ezithe xaxa zokwenza amabhizinisi, okuhlanganisa nokuthola uxhaso lwezimali zemboni ezimele. Lokhu kushintsha kuvame ukwenzeka ngokucatshangelwa okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo kokusobala.
I-ISC ibambe ukuthi ukubekwa obala kwezimali zocwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenkambiso yesayensi enomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela enkingeni yobuqotho bocwaningo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi olunganembile kanye nokungalungi. I-ISC incoma ukuthi:
[1] I-ISC ilandela i- Ukuqonda kwe-UN ngamaphutha kanye ne-disinformation, lapho ulwazi olungalungile lubhekisela ekusabalaleni okungahlosiwe kolwazi olungalungile kuyilapho ulwazi olungalungile luhloselwe ukukhohlisa.
Isithombe ngu micheile henderson on Unsplash
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