Ukuvikela kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwezesayensi kwamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nesenzo sezulu

Isitatimende se-International Science Council (ISC) kanye Imizimba Ehlangene* udonsela ukunaka kwendawo yamanje eyinselele yocwaningo oluhlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, oluphawulwa ngokuncishiswa kwezimali kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuvikela imiphumela yesayensi, ukusekela ubuqotho besayensi nokwakha ukwethemba izikhungo zesayensi nezesayensi ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezibandakanyayo nezisebenzisanayo.

I-ISC kanye Nezinhlaka Ezihlanganisiwe Zizibophezela ekusebenzisaneni nababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa abaxhasi bezimali, ohulumeni, izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe, umphakathi wesayensi obanzi, kanye nomphakathi ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenzisana kwesayensi kwamazwe ngamazwe ekuqaphelweni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenza okuthile.

Isitatimende

Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu se-anthropogenic kungenye yezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezicindezelayo ezibhekene nesintu. Ibonakala ngemithelela exhumene, ukukhubazeka okungalingani, kanye nesidingo sesenzo esibumbene ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, sihambisana nezixazululo eziqondene nomxholo wokulandisa ngokuhlukahluka kwendawo, umlando, inhlalo-mnotho kanye namasiko.¹. Ukusebenzisana kwesayensi kwamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile ekuphenduleni lezi zinselele ezihlangene. Kwenza kube lula ukuqoqwa kwezinsiza zezezimali nezabantu, kuthuthukise ukwabelana ngedatha, futhi kukhuthaze inqubekelaphambili yesayensi ngokuhlanganiswa kwedatha nemibono evela ezimongweni ezihlukahlukene. I-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), isibonelo, ibe ngumgqugquzeli obalulekile ocwaningweni lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, inqubomgomo kanye nezingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukubambisana kuqinisa ukuvumelana kwesayensi futhi kudala izimo ezivumela ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe, ukubambisana kwezombusazwe kanye nesayensi yokukhulumisana. Umphakathi wesayensi womhlaba wonke unxusa ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo kocwaningo lwesayensi nokusebenzisana ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele zesikhathi eside ezithinta kakhulu inhlalakahle yethu.   

Isayensi yesimo sezulu enokwethenjelwa, esesikhathini samanje iyadingeka ukuze kusekelwe amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokunciphisa, ukunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukwazisa ukuhlela isikhathi eside, nokuletha izinzuzo ezibanzi zentuthuko esimeme. Ukubukela phansi amandla nezindlela zokuqoqwa kwedatha okuzinzile nokwabelana kusongela amandla ethu okubhekana nemithelela yesimo sezulu namuhla nasesikhathini esizayo. Isibonelo, ukwehlisa ukubhekwa kwesimo sezulu kunciphisa kakhulu amandla ethu okubikezela izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu futhi kunikeze isexwayiso kusenesikhathi. Ngaphandle kolwazi olwabiwe kanye nesixwayiso kusenesikhathi, ukwanda kokuchayeka nokuba sengozini kwezehlakalo ezinjalo kuzokhuphula izindleko zokutholwa kanye nokwakha kabusha. 

Isimo sezwe samanje esiyinselele nesiyinkimbinkimbi sibangele izithiyo ezibalulekile ocwaningweni oluhlobene nesimo sezulu kanye nokusebenzisana, kanye nokuhumusha ulwazi lwesayensi lube yizenzo zokunciphisa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezithile. Sibhekene nokuncipha okukhulu kwezimali zezinhlelo zokubambisana zesayensi nentuthuko ezifundeni ezimbalwa zomhlaba². Ukushoda okukhulu kwezinsiza ngenxa yalokhu kuncishiswa, kubangela ubungozi obukhona kumanethiwekhi nezikhungo ezisebenzele umphakathi womhlaba njengezinkundla zokuthuthukiswa kolwazi oludidiyelwe futhi eziqashelwa ngomthelela wazo omuhle emazingeni kazwelonke nawesifunda.  

Lesi simo sinikeza ithuba lokucabanga kabusha ukuthi isayensi ehlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu isetshenziswa kanjani, iqhutshwa futhi ihlanganiswe nenqubomgomo. Isibopho sokulondoloza uxhaso locwaningo lwesimo sezulu kufanele kwabelwane ngaso ngokulinganayo njengoba lezi zimali zitshalile ziletha izinzuzo emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele.  

Kunesidingo futhi sokuvikela imiphumela yesayensi, okuhlanganisa idatha (efana nedatha yomlando yokuqapha), nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iyathuthukiswa futhi yabelwana ngayo ngokuhlanganisa kakhudlwana futhi iyafinyeleleka, isobala futhi izimele.  

Okuphuthuma ngokufanayo isidingo sokusekela ubuqotho besayensi kanye nokugqugquzela ukwethenjwa komphakathi ezikhungweni zesayensi nocwaningo. Esimeni samanje somhlaba jikelele, lapho ulwazi olunganembile, ukungalungi kanye nokuchazwa kabi kwedatha sekuyizinkathazo ezinkulu, kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuthi imiphakathi yesayensi ibonise ukubaluleka kocwaningo futhi ikhuthaze ukuvuleka kolwazi mayelana nokuziphatha nokuxhumana kocwaningo.³. Izakhiwo ezinamandla nezinsiza ezivikela ukungafihli futhi ezikhiqiza ukwethenjwa komphakathi zibalulekile kulokhu.  

Isayensi ingaba negalelo emiphumeleni enengqondo yomphakathi, yezomnotho, neyemvelo⁴. Nakuba kuqashelwa ukuba ngokoqobo kwamamethrikhi ezomnotho nezepolitiki zesikhathi esifushane nesamaphakathi, imizamo yesayensi kufanele inikwe amandla ukuze inikeze izinzuzo zomphakathi zesikhathi eside futhi isebenzele ukuxazulula izinselele ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ukubhekana nenselelo yesimo sezulu kudinga nokuzibophezela ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isayensi ivuleleka kakhudlwana, ibandakanya wonke umuntu, futhi iyasebenza, nokuthi ukubambisana okuqinile kwamazwe ngamazwe nokusebenzisana nomphakathi kuyaqiniswa. 

I-International Science Council (ISC) okubandakanya izinhlangano zayo ezixhumene nayo inxusa abaxhasi bezimali, ohulumeni, izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe, umphakathi wesayensi, kanye nomphakathi wonkana ukuba uthathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu ukuze uvikele futhi uthuthukise ukusebenzisana kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe ekuqaphelweni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenza okuthile. Siyakubona ukwethenjwa nezisetshenziswa ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezixhasa ngezimali ezitshalwe kuze kube manje ekuthuthukisweni kolwazi.  

Ngomqondo wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo okwabelwana ngawo naphezu kokushintsha kwezimo zomhlaba, ukuqonda ukuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano nocwaningo olubucayi kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe umthelela, sizibophezela ezenzweni ezilandelayo: 

• Ukwakha umthamo ngaphakathi umphakathi wesayensi ukuzibandakanya ezinqubweni ezibandakanya wonke umuntu, ezidalwe ngokubambisana nabenzi bezinqubomgomo, abaxhasi bezimali, kanye nomphakathi; ukwakha ukusebenzisana okungcono phakathi kwesayensi yemvelo nenhlalo yabantu kanye nobuntu; ukusebenzela ukuthuthukisa imiyalezo ecacile nefinyelelekayo ngobufakazi obuhlobene nokushintsha kwemvelo yomhlaba wonke kanye nemithelela yako; ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqolobane zedatha ezithembekile ziyatholakala ukuze kuhlungwe, kugcinwe futhi kwabelwane ngedatha yekhwalithi ephezulu; kanye nokweseka izinguquko zokuhlola ucwaningo kanye nezinhlelo zokushicilelwa ukuze kubonwe kangcono futhi kugqugquzelwe umsebenzi ofanele emphakathini kanye nomsebenzi oqinile ngokwesayensi. 

• Ukusebenza nohlu lwe abaxhasi, okuhlanganisa abaxhasi bezimali bomphakathi, abazimele kanye nabasiza umphakathi besayensi nentuthuko ukuze kuqinisekiswe uxhaso lwesikhathi eside, olusobala, noluqhubekayo lwesayensi yesimo sezulu emsebenzini wokusiza umphakathi, kuyilapho kugcizelela isidingo sezinhlaka nokuxhaswa ngezimali okusekela ukubeka izinto obala, ukusebenzelana okungcono komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana okunekhono, ngaphandle kwalokho isayensi yesimo sezulu ihlala isengozini kukho kokubili ulwazi olunganembile nokungenzi lutho.  

• Ukusekela abenza Amapholisi ekuxhumaniseni ucwaningo nenqubomgomo yomphakathi ezingeni lendawo, lesifunda kanye nezwe lonke kanye nokugqugquzela ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuphendula ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.   

• Ukusebenza ne uhlelo lwezizwe ngezizwe ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kuthuthukiswe indima yesayensi, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqanjwa okusha njengemithombo yentuthuko esimeme, ukunika amandla ukwabelana ngokulinganayo kolwazi lwesayensi nokugqugquzela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokusebenzelana kwesayensi ukuze kusetshenziswe ukubambisana kwesayensi ukuze kuzuzwe umhlaba wonke futhi kube neqhaza ekuthuleni, ezokuphepha, kanye nenhlalakahle. 

• Ukuzibandakanya ne umphakathi wonkana ukusekela ngokuhlanganyela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezesayensi nokubambisana kwezesayensi, kanye nokwenza ulwazi olusobala, olufinyelelekayo, olufanele, oluthembekile noluqondile olumayelana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nezinselele ezihlobene nokusimama. 

Ukuvikela kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe akuyona inketho; kuyisidingo esiphuthumayo. Ukusebenzisana kuhambisana nokuthuthukisa kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi lwesayensi ngendlela evulekile, ebandakanyayo nengenzeka. Kunanini ngaphambili, sidinga isayensi yesimo sezulu ehlukahlukene nesebenzisanayo ukuze siphendule enhlekeleleni yesimo sezulu ngendlela egcwele yonke indawo futhi esekelwe ebufakazini, iletha izinzuzo emiphakathini, izizwe kanye neplanethi kanye nempilo yabo bonke.  

• ^[1] I-IRDR (2025). Imikhiqizo nezinqubo zokunciphisa izinhlekelele: ukwabelana ngolwazi lwezenzo eziqondene nendawo kanye nomongo.
• ^[2] Ukuhlelwa Kwemvelo (2025). Ngaphandle kwesayensi ngeke kube khona intuthuko. 15 July 2025. Imvelo 643, 607 (2025).
• ^[3] I-Barcelona Declaration on Open Research Information.
• ^[4] I-Royal Society (2024). Isayensi nomnotho.

The Imizimba Ehlangene ziyizinhlelo zesayensi ezihlanganyelwe futhi izinhlelo zixhaswe yi-ISC nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nohulumeni. Abalandelayo basekele lesi sitatimende:

• Umhlaba Ozayo
• IKomidi Locwaningo Lwemkhathi (COSPAR)
• Inethiwekhi Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezeluleko Zikahulumeni Zesayensi (INGSA)
• Ucwaningo Oludidiyelwe Ngengozi Yezinhlekelele (IRDR)
• IKomidi Lesayensi Locwaningo Lwe-Antarctic (i-SCAR)
• IKomidi Lesayensi Locwaningo Lwezasolwandle (SCOR)
• Ikomidi Lesayensi Le-Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP)
• Impilo Yasemadolobheni Nenhlalakahle (UHWB)
• Ikomidi Ledatha (CODATA)
• Amafrikhwensi eRadio Astronomy & Space Science (IUCAF)
• I-World Data System (WDS)

Oxhumana naye

I-Megha Sud

I-Megha Sud

Isikhulu Sesayensi Esiphezulu

Umkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Omhlaba

I-Megha Sud

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Okokuqala

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Iyiphi i(izi)phephandaba ongathanda ukuyithola? *

• Iphephandaba Le-Flagship: ISC Monthly
• Isayensi Yokunciphisa Izinhlekelele
• Isayensi emphakathini we-UN izibuyekezo
• Isayensi evulekile
• Izexwayiso Zomsebenzi ze-ISC
• Izibuyekezo zesifunda: I-Latin America ne-Caribbean
• Izibuyekezo zesifunda: Afrika
• Izibuyekezo zesifunda: Asia Pacific

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Bhalisa

Isithombe: USolwazi Ed Hawkins (University of Reading), I-CC-BY 4.0