Izinhlangano zesayensi enkathini yedijithali

Ngo-2022, i-Secretariat of the International Science Council (ISC) yaqala uhambo olushintshayo lwedijithali. Lesi sinyathelo siqhamuke ekuqondeni isidingo esiphuthumayo senhlangano yobulungu ebandakanyayo, egxile emhlabeni wonke ukuze ijwayelane noshintsho lwedijithali olulolonga kabusha impilo yethu yobungcweti, ezokungcebeleka, kanye neyansuku zonke emiphakathini eyahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ekuqaleni, le phrojekthi yacatshangelwa njengomsebenzi wethimba lezokuxhumana okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa amakhono namandla edijithali e-ISC, iphrojekthi yashintsha ngokushesha ukuze igxile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuzivumelanisa nesimo sedijithali esishintsha njalo. Okubalulekile, i-ISC ifune ukubandakanya Amalungu ayo kulolu hambo, iqonda ukuthi amandla e-ISC axhumene nokuqina kobulungu bayo. Inhlolovo yoBulunga iholele ekuhlonzeni izibonelo zezifundo ezimbalwa ezifanele lapho ukufunda nohambo lwamalungu e-ISC kungabiwa nabanye.

Lo mbiko uhlolisisa umqondo oxubile 'wedijithali' - igama eliguquke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, elinomthelela kokubili izici zobuchwepheshe namasiko ezinhlangano. Ukuhlola kwe-ISC kuqala ngombuzo obalulekile: Kusho ukuthini 'idijithali' kumongo wezinhlangano zesayensi? Lo mbuzo ubuzwe eqenjini elihlukene labasebenzi kanye naMalungu ngesikhathi semihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi ye-ISC ngasekupheleni kuka-2022, okuholele ekuchazeni okuhlukahlukene okusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi aku-inthanethi okuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe, ukuya ekubukeni okubanzi, okuhlanganisa konke kwedijithali njengokubalulekile ephila ekhulwini lama-21.

Kulo mbhalo, samukela lo mbono wakamuva, ovumela ukuhlolwa kwenqwaba yezindlela i-digitalization ebunjwa kabusha ngayo imisebenzi kanye nezindlela zamalungu e-ISC kanye Nezinhlangano Ezisebenzisanayo. I-ISC igxile kakhulu kumthelela oguquguqukayo wobuchwepheshe bedijithali ezinhlanganweni zesayensi, igqamisa kokubili amathuba nezinselelo ezivezwa lokhu.

Okubalulekile kulokhu okutholakele wucwaningo olwenziwa ngasekuqaleni kuka-2023 oluvela ezinhlanganweni ezihlukene zoBulunga be-ISC, okuhlanganisa nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zikazwelonke, izinyunyana kanye Nezinhlaka Ezihlangene. Inhlolovo ayizange yakhelwe njengocwaningo lwesayensi oluqinile kodwa njenge-barometer yokulinganisa ukusebenzelana kwedijithali namandla Amalungu e-ISC. Inikeze inkundla yokuhlonza Amalungu ngemiphumela noma ukuphawula okuthakazelisayo, okwabe sekuxoxwa nabo ukuze bathole eminye imininingwane. Lezi zingxoxo zafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokwethulwa kwezifundo eziyisibonelo eMhlanganweni Wamalungu Wesikhathi Esimaphakathi we-ISC ngoMeyi 2023.

Izibonelo zezifundo ezethulwe kulo mbiko ziwubufakazi bamasu amasha edijithali asetshenziswa Amalungu e-ISC. Ziyisibonelo sokuthi ukwenziwa kwedijithali kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze kwakhiwe ukuxhumana okujulile, ukukhiqiza inani ngezindlela ezintsha futhi kuguqule izakhiwo zenhlangano namamodeli okusebenza. Kusukela isu le-Royal Society's Search Engine Optimization (SEO)kugxilwe kuhlelo lokuqukethwe ukuya endleleni egxile kumalungu e-Global Young Academy, le mininingwane inikeza amazwibela okwakheka kwedijithali okuguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kwezinhlangano zesayensi.

Lo mbiko uhlola izindawo ezibalulekile zamathuba - ukudala ukuxhumana kwedijithali okujulile, ukukhiqiza inani elisha kanye namamodeli enhlangano avelayo - futhi uhlose ukukhuthaza Amalungu e-ISC nezinye izinhlangano zesayensi ohambweni lwawo lokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Ihlola ukuthi ukwenza idijithali akukhona nje ngokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha kodwa futhi mayelana nokwamukela uguquko lwamasiko oluchaza kabusha ukuthi imiphakathi yesayensi ixhuma kanjani, ihlanganyele futhi idale inani.

I-ISC ingathanda ukuqhubeka nale ngxoxo naMalungu ayo unyaka wonke wezi-2024 nangale kwalokho, njengoba ibheka ukuqhuma kwezinhlobo zezilimi ezinkulu namanye amathuluzi obuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) akhiqizayo kanye namathuba nezinsongo ezethulayo, emsebenzini wansuku zonke kanye emphakathini wonkana.

I-ISC idlulisa ukubonga kwayo kuwo wonke amaLungu abambe iqhaza ocwaningweni futhi afaka isandla ocwaningweni. Ukuqonda kwabo kanye nolwazi lwabo kuyisisekelo salo mbiko, okuhlinzeka ngemibono ebalulekile ohambweni lwedijithali lwezinhlangano zesayensi.
Ngiphinde ngidlulise ukubonga ku Zhenya Tsoy, Isikhulu Sezokuxhumana Esiphezulu se-ISC kanye Nomholi Wedijithali obone kusengaphambili ukuvula ingxoxo no-Nick Scott, abahole ndawonye le ngxoxo.

Lo mbhalo wakhiwe ukuze usebenze njengomthombo wogqozi nesiqondiso kumalungu e-ISC nezinye izinhlangano zesayensi njengoba ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi zichuma enkathini yedijithali.

Alison Meston
Umqondisi Wezokuxhumana
Umkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Omhlaba

Ukusabela ezinsongweni ezibucayi ezikhona isintu esibhekene nazo, izinhlangano zesayensi kumele zibe namandla futhi zishesha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isayensi iqinile futhi ibalulekile. Kodwa imvelo, ububanzi nobubanzi balokho inhlangano eyikho nekwenzayo kuyashintsha njengoba ubuchwepheshe namasiko kushintsha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi enkathini yedijithali.

Ngakho-ke - kusho ukuthini 'idijithali'? Ngenkathi lo mbuzo ubuzwa kubasebenzi kanye namaLungu emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi we-ISC ngasekupheleni kuka-2022, imibono yahlukaniswa phakathi kwezincazelo ezimbili:

• Idijithali imayelana nokufinyeleleka ku-inthanethi Kusho ukusebenzisa amathuluzi aku-inthanethi ukuxhuma, ukuxhumana, ukubandakanya, ukwabelana ngolwazi kanye nokuhlanganyela.
• Idijithali yindlela esiphila ngayo ekhulwini lama-21 Ihlanganisa konke. Akuhlobene nokuba ku-inthanethi kodwa kuhlanganisa izimpilo nokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kanye/noma imishini.

Akuvamile ukuthola ukuthi akukho ukuqonda okufanayo kwegama elithi 'digital'; incazelo ishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuncike kumongo kanye nolwazi lomuntu ngamunye kanye nemibono yakhe. Isibonelo, 'uguquko lwedijithali' luyisihloko esigxilwa kakhulu emhlabeni webhizinisi kodwa singasetshenziswa ukuchaza yonke into kusukela ezinguqukweni ezincane - njengokwenza imikhiqizo emisha namasevisi - kuya ekuhlelweni kabusha kokusebenza kwenkampani, amasiko kanye nemikhiqizo ukusizakala. yobuchwepheshe bedijithali.

Lo mbhalo, owenzelwe Ubulungu be-ISC kanye Nezinhlaka Ezisebenzisanayo, uzosebenzisa kabanzi incazelo yakamuva: kucatshangwa ukuthi 'idijithali yindlela esiphila ngayo ekhulwini lama-21'. Izobheka ukuthi zingaki izici zalokho okwenziwa Amalungu e-ISC - nokuthi akwenza kanjani - ezishintshayo enkathini yedijithali, kanye namathuba nezinselelo ezidala lezo zinguquko.

Umgomo walo mbiko uwukunikeza ugqozi nesiqondiso kumalungu e-ISC nezinye izinhlangano zesayensi njengoba beqhubekela phambili ohambweni lwabo lwenguquko yedijithali, nokho bakhetha ukuchaza igama elithi 'idijithali'.

Lo mbhalo uhlanganisa okutholwe yinhlolovo ye-inthanethi yamalungu e-ISC. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ekuqaleni kuka-2023 futhi lwafaka nezimpendulo ezingama-44 ezivela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zikazwelonke, izinyunyana, amalungu axhumene nezinhlaka ezinonobhala emhlabeni wonke (amaphesenti angama-47 eYurophu). Abaphendulile bahluka ngobukhulu kusukela ezinhlanganweni ezincane zokuzithandela kuphela (izimpendulo ze-4) nalabo abanamalungu angaphansi kwe-25 (izimpendulo ze-18) ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu ezinamalungu angaphezu kwe-200 (izimpendulo ze-15).

Abaphendulile ikakhulukazi babengabaphathi (izimpendulo ze-17) noma kwezokuxhumana noma ezinye izindima zokusekela (izimpendulo ze-12). Ukuphothulwa kwenhlolovo bekukhethe ukungena.

Inhlolovo ayizange yakhelwe njengomsebenzi wesayensi, kodwa ukunikeza isilinganiso sokuqala salokho Amalungu e-ISC akwenzayo kudijithali nokuthi azizwa kanjani ngamakhono awo enhlangano uma kuziwa ekufakeni idijithali ohlelweni lwawo lwenhlangano.

I-ISC ihlose ukuhlonza Amalungu anikeze imiphumela ethokozisayo noma enze ukuphawula okuhlakaniphile okungase kuxoxwe ukuze kutholwe ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokwethulwa eMhlanganweni Wamalungu Esikhathi Esimaphakathi we-ISC ngoMeyi 2023. Abamele izinhlangano ezingamalungu ayisishiyagalolunye kwaxoxwa nabo futhi lo mbiko uhlanganisa isifinyezo samacala abo.

Iningi lamalungu e-ISC aphendule inhlolovo azizwe 'ethuthuka' kudijithali (umfanekiso 1). Lawa Malungu abona idijithali njengengxenye yesu lawo kodwa awazange ayishumeke kukho konke akwenzayo. Yize betshala imali kubuchwepheshe futhi bethuthukisa amakhono abo, banomuzwa wokuthi basenayo indlela yokuqhubeka nohambo lwabo lwedijithali.

Kunezindawo ezintathu ezibanzi zamathuba ezinhlangano zesayensi:

1. Ukudala ukuxhumana kwedijithali okwengeziwe nokujula namalungu, abanye ababambiqhaza noma izethameli.
2. Ukudala inani ngezindlela ezintsha, nokwenza ngokushesha lokho.
3. Ukushintsha amakhono, izinhlaka zenhlangano kanye namamodeli okusebenza ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo ezintsha noma ezehlukene.

Lo mbiko uzobheka ngakunye ngokulandelana kwawo, uveze umongo kanye nokufaneleka kwendawo ngayinye kuMalungu e-ISC, ubuyekeza okutholakele okufanelekile ocwaningweni futhi wethule izibonelo zezifundo zaMalungu e-ISC abesebenza ukuze afeze la mathuba.

Inkathi yedijithali ibilokhu inamandla okuguqula indlela izinhlangano - okuhlanganisa namalungu e-ISC - zixhumana ngayo nabantu: amalungu azo, izethameli, ababambiqhaza, abasebenzi nangale kwalokho.

emhlabeni wenyama, kuhlale kunokuhwebelana phakathi kokufinyelela nokunotha: ukufinyelela abantu abaningi kuphazamisa ukunotha, ukuqina nokujula kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo. [1] Isibonelo esihle ingqungquthela yesayensi yomuntu siqu, lapho ukufinyelela kulinganiselwe, kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kujulile futhi kucebile (okungukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi nekhwalithi ephezulu).

Ezweni ledijithali, nokho, lokhu kuyashintsha. Ukufinyelela kwenhlangano kunganwetshwa ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi yokuqukethwe nolwazi. Eqinisweni, ikhono lokudala ukuzizwisa okuhlukile nokucebile lingasiza ukunikeza izinhlangano ukufinyelela okukhulu.²
Izinjini zokusesha ze-inthanethi ziklomelisa okuqukethwe okucebile nokuhlukile, ukukunikeza abantu abaningi futhi kwandise ukufinyelela kwakho.³ E-United Kingdom, i-Royal Society, idale lonke uhlelo lokusebenzisa lokhu, idale okuqukethwe okucebile okuklanyelwe ukuheha izethameli ezintsha ngokukhomba amagama angukhiye ase-Google aseshwe kakhulu (indaba 1).

Ukufinyelela okwengeziwe kokuqukethwe okucebile akugcini ngokuba namandla okuthi ikleliswe phezulu emiphumeleni yenjini yokusesha; lapho ososayensi nabanye ababambiqhaza bebona okuqukethwe okubakhangayo, bangakwazi ukwabelana ngakho namanethiwekhi abo aku-inthanethi, ngokwesibonelo, nge-LinkedIn, Academia.edu noma i-ResearchGate. Lezi zingosi zokuxhumana zemfundo kanye nabashicileli bezazi zezentengiselwano banweba ukuxhumana kwabo ngolwazi olubanzi lwedijithali, banikeze ososayensi kokubili ukufinyelela nokunotha kokuqukethwe.

References:

1. Evans, P. and Wurster, TS (2000). 'Ishaywe indiva: Indlela umnotho omusha wolwazi ulishintsha ngayo isu', Harvard Business Press, 1 January. Itholakala e-: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2000/strategy-technologydigital-blown-to-bits
2. Evans, P. and Wurster, TS (2000). 'Ishaywe indiva: Indlela umnotho omusha wolwazi ulishintsha ngayo isu', Harvard Business Press, 1 January. Itholakala e-: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2000/strategy-technologydigital-blown-to-bits
3. I-Google (nd) I-Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Umhlahlandlela Wokuqala - Usizo lwe-Google. Itholakala e-: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/7451184?hl=en/

'Sizofinyelela izethameli eziningi futhi sibe nomthelela kunqubomgomo yomphakathi
ngokwakha okuqukethwe okuklanyelwe i-Google ngokuqondile'.

I-Royal Society iyisikhungo esikhulu nesiyinkimbinkimbi. Imiphumela yayo ihlanganisa amajenali, izibonelelo zesayensi, umsebenzi wenqubomgomo, izinhlelo zemboni, izinsiza zesikole kanye nemicimbi yokuxhumana nomphakathi.

Inselele

Ngomphumela obanzi kangaka, iwebhusayithi yeRoyal Society kufanele inikeze izethameli ezihlukahlukene ngendlela efanele. Ukuvumela izivakashi ukuthi zithole ulwazi olufanele ngokushesha kubalulekile, nokho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu okuqukethwe kuyabonakala ezinjinini zokusesha kuyinselele.

Iphrojekthi yokuguqula iwebhusayithi

Iphrojekthi yokuguqulwa kwewebhusayithi yeRoyal Society ivuselele ukwakheka kwesayithi futhi yathuthukisa ukumaka okungemuva kokuqukethwe. Lokhu kunika amandla ukuvezwa okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana kolwazi olucebile ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi kuvumela izinjini zokusesha ukuthi zincome kangcono okuqukethwe okusekelwe ekuziphatheni komsebenzisi kanye nezintandokazi.

Amasu

• Ukusebenzelana nababambiqhaza: I-Royal Society yenza inhlolokhono yangaphakathi nabangaphandle yababambe iqhaza ukuze icolise ukuzulazula kwewebhusayithi. Umphumela wemininingwane usize ukucacisa izindawo ezinezingxabano, okugcine kuholele ekwakhiweni okusha kwewebhu.
• Izinqumo eziqhutshwa yizibalo: I-Royal Society isebenzise amathuluzi ezibalo ukuze ihlole ukuhamba kwezivakashi nokuthi abasebenzisi bazibandakanya kanjani nezigaba ezihlukene zewebhusayithi, isekela ukuthuthukiswa kwedizayini ephumelelayo, nesebenziseka kalula.
• I-SEO kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi: Ngaphambi kokuthi iphrojekthi yenguquko yamanje iqale, iRoyal Society yabona ukuthi amaphesenti angama-60 ethrafikhi yayo yewebhu aqhamuka ekusesheni kwe-Google okuphilayo. Lokhu kugcizelele ukubaluleka kwe-SEO - inqubo yokulungisa okuqukethwe kanye nesakhiwo sesayithi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lamakhasi ezinjini zokusesha ezifana ne-Google. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-SEO, i-Royal Society manje isebenzisa ifomethi yombuzo nezimpendulo emakhasini ombiko wenqubomgomo kanye nolwazi olubalulekile ngezihloko ezibalulekile ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Imibuzo ekulawa makhasi ilingisa izinhlobo zemibuzo abantu abavame ukuyibhala ezinjinini zokusesha. Ngokuphendula le mibuzo ngokuqondile nangokuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwamagama angukhiye, okuqukethwe kuhlinzekela izidingo zabasebenzisi ngempela kanye nokwandisa ukufinyelela kwakho - ngokuqukethwe kwe-Royal Society kukhethwa 'njengamazwibela afakiwe' e-Google phezulu emakhasini emiphumela yenjini yokusesha kwezinye izihloko.

Umthelela

Izibalo zewebhusayithi zibonisa ukuthi umsebenzi owenziwe kuze kube manje kusayithi ukhuphule ithrafikhi futhi usekela umbono womphakathi ngeRoyal Society, ikakhulukazi ngokudala okuqukethwe okuklanyelwe i-Google ngokuqondile. Lapho iwebhusayithi evuselelwe ngokugcwele yethulwa ngo-2024, kuthenjwa ukuthi lokhu kuzokwandisa ukufinyelela. Nakuba ukulinganisa umthelela obonakalayo kuyinselele, ukwazisa umphakathi nokwabelana ngolwazi lwesayensi ngewebhusayithi kuwumgomo obalulekile.

Ukukhathazeka okungokoqobo mayelana nokufinyelela i-inthanethi nokutholakala akusekho njengokumaphakathi, njengoba kungase kucatshangwe ukuthi abantu abaningi bazoba nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngesivinini esifanelekile, noma ngabe bakuphi nanoma nini lapho bevula idivayisi yabo. Ukuqala kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kwasheshisa lokhu, njengoba ukushaya kwevidiyo kwaba yisisekelo sokusebenzisana komuntu siqu nokusebenzisana kochwepheshe.⁴ Nge-AI, ngisho nemigoqo yolimi inganqotshwa, futhi abantu abakhuluma izilimi ezahlukene bangaxhuma futhi baxoxe ngendlela engenazihibe.⁵

Kunokuba isivinini noma ukufinyeleleka, umongo nokufakwa manje sekuyizinto zokucatshangelwa ezichazayo zezinhlangano zesayensi ezifisa ukuxhumana nabantu ngedijithali.

Lokho umuntu aphequlula ocingweni lwakhe ngenkathi ebukele i-TV angahle afune ukukwenza kuhluke kakhulu kososayensi noma umenzi wenqubomgomo osebenzisa i-iPad yakhe engqungqutheleni yesayensi. Idivayisi namashaneli abawasebenzisayo nawo abalulekile - njengalawo angekho.⁶

Ukufakwa kubalulekile: njengoba izinhlangano zixhumana nabantu abaningi abahlukahlukene, kufanele bacabangele isizinda sababukeli bazo, amasiko, izilimi, amazinga amakhono edijithali nokunye.⁷ Ezinhlanganweni zesayensi, ukufakwa kuphinde kusho ukucabanga ngezimpilo nokuziphatha kososayensi abafuna ukufinyelela kubo, kanye nokuklama okuhlangenwe nakho kwedijithali nemikhiqizo ngendlela ebasebenzelayo. Indlela ye-Global Young Academy iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu: benza umzamo omkhulu ukuze baqonde ulwazi lwamalungu abo futhi bakhe izici ezihlonipha isikhathi sabo, imikhuba kanye nempilo yabo - okuhlanganisa ukucabanga kanzima mayelana nendlela yokugcina isikhathi sokutshala imali siphansi ngangokunokwenzeka (indaba isifundo 2).

Okubhekwayo:

4. UColleen McClain, u-Emily A. Vogels, u-Andrew Perrin, uStella Sechopoulos no-Lee Rainie. (2021). 'I-inthanethi kanye Nobhubhane', Pew Research Center, (1 Septhemba). Itholakala e-: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/09/01/ i-inthanethi-kanye-nobhubhane/
5. U-Jiao, W., Wang, W., Huang, J., Wang, X. kanye no-Tu, Z. (2023). 'Ingabe i-ChatGPT ingumhumushi omuhle? Yebo nge-GPT-4 njengenjini', i-arXiv preprint, arXiv:2301.08745. doi: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08745
6. Boag, P. (2016). 'Ukuklama ucabangela umongo womsebenzisi', Shopify blog, 17 March.
   Itholakala ku: https://www.shopify.com/partners/blog/97802374-designing-with-the-users-context-in-mind
7. I-Westwater, H. (2021). 'Ukufakwa kwedijithali: Kuyini futhi kungani kubalulekile?' Okukhulu Udaba, (6 December).
   Itholakala ku: https://www.bigissue.com/news/social-justice/digital-inclusion-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-important

'Sigxile kulokho esingakwenzela amalungu
kunalokho esikudingayo kubo'.

I-Global Young Academy inikeza izwi kososayensi abasebasha nabacwaningi emhlabeni wonke, ikhuthaza ukuxhumana nokusiza ukukhula kwabo kochwepheshe.

Inselele

Ososayensi abasebasha banezidingo ezihlukile, imikhuba kanye nezinketho zokuxhumana, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngenani labantu elihlanganisa amaqembu obudala ahlukahlukene phakathi kwesigaba 'abasha' kuveza inselele eyingqayizivele. I-Global Young Academy yayidinga ukuklama imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezibhekana nalezi zidingo ezihlukile futhi zihlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo ezindleleni zokuphila ezimatasa zochwepheshe bemisebenzi yasekuqaleni.

Amasu omshado

• Ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwelungu nelungu: Ukukhuthaza umuzwa womphakathi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamalungu amasha, inhlangano yethula izinhlelo ezinjengokuxhumanisa amalungu 'nabangane' kuMhlangano Jikelele Wonyaka nokubaxhumanisa nabeluleki abavela eqenjini lochwepheshe. Lokhu kuye kwasiza ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe futhi kwaholela ekuxhumaneni okunenjongo, kwesikhathi eside.
• Ukugxila ezidingweni nasekwakhiweni kwamalungu: Isikhungo semfundo ephakeme sithuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo izinqubo zaso zedijithali ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ziyayihlonipha imingcele yesikhathi yamalungu aso. Ngokwenza lula ukuxhumana kanye nokusabela ezidingweni zamalungu, isikhungo semfundo ephakeme siqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu anomuzwa wokuthi ukuzibandakanya kwawo kunenzuzo.
• Ukuqonda imikhuba nezinto ezithandwayo: Ngokubona ukuthi amanye amalungu angase ancike eziteshini zokuxhumana zesimanje, kuyilapho abanye bezazisa izindlela zendabuko, isikole siye sazama ukulinganisa. Ukubuyekezwa okuvamile kokusebenzelana kwamalungu kunikeza imininingwane mayelana nokuthandwayo okuvelayo.

Umthelela

Ngokuhlela indlela yayo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile kanye nemikhuba yososayensi abasebasha, iGlobal Young Academy idale umphakathi oqinile, ozibandakanyayo. Le ndlela yokugxilisa amalungu isiza isikole ukuthi sizwakale ngokujulile ngezibalo zabantu eziqondiswe kuso, iqinisekisa ukuzibandakanya okuqhubekayo, nokubandakanyeka kwamalungu kunethiwekhi.

Ekugcineni, ukuzizwisa okubi, okungenabo ubuntu, okungabalulekile, noma okungelona iqiniso kusebenza kuphela ekunciphiseni ukufinyelela kwezinhlangano zesayensi. Ngakho-ke kufanele bathuthukise ukuqonda okujule kakhulu kwababukeli ababalulekile: umongo wabo, imikhawulo kanye nendlela yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo ezithile. Ngenhlanhla, indawo yedijithali inikeza izinhlangano idatha eningi, futhi ukusebenzisa lokhu kungaholela ekuqondeni mayelana nokuziphatha komsebenzisi, izintandokazi kanye nezindawo zobuhlungu.⁸ Izinhlangano zesayensi zingasebenzisa le datha ukuze zicule ukunikezwa kwazo futhi zihlangabezane kangcono nezidingo zababukeli bazo. I-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) iyisibonelo senhlangano esebenzisa idatha ukuze ithuthukise ukunikezwa kwayo: yenza izinhlolovo ukuze iqonde izidingo zamalungu nokuthandwayo, futhi inquma ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nazo ngokusekelwe kule mininingwane (indaba eyisibonelo 3) . Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo indlela yabo yokuxhumana nezidingo nezintandokazi zezithameli ezahlukene, nokudala okuqukethwe okuhlukile kwezingxenye ezithile zababukeli - njenge-Global Women's Breakfast ye-IUPAC - kuyisisekelo sendlela ukuxhumana okusebenza ngayo emhlabeni wedijithali.

Okokugcina, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuxhumana okwenziwa idijithali akugcini kubantu. Namuhla, sixhumeke ezintweni ezishumekwe nge-AI, njengomakhalekhukhwini bethu, amawashi, amafriji, izipikha noma ama-microscopes.⁹ Nakuba amarobhothi nezinto ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kubantu, umongo, ukufakwa nokubamba iqhaza kusabalulekile. Ngokuzayo, i-Royal Society izodinga ukucabanga kanzima mayelana nokuthi ingayihlela kanjani iwebhusayithi yayo ukuze inikeze okuqukethwe kumathuluzi afana ne-ChatGPT namanye amamodeli ezilimi ezinkulu.¹⁰ Ngokufanayo, i-IUPAC ingase idinge ukucabangela ukuthi yimaphi amalungu ayo asebenzisa ama-ejenti e-AI noma abasizi bezwi ukuze baxhumane nayo, nokuthi ingababandakanya kanjani kangcono labo baxhumanisi. Ukuxhumeka kwedijithali sekuzoba nzima nakakhulu.¹¹

Okubhekwayo:

8. UBrown, B., Kanagasabai, K., Pant, P. no-Serpa Pinto, G. (2017). 'Ithwebula inani kudatha yekhasimende lakho', McKinsey & Company, 15 Mashi. Itholakala e-: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/capturing-value-from-your-customer-data
9. Ghosh, I. (2020). 'I-AoT: Lapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buhlangana ne-inthanethi Yezinto', I-Visual capitalist, 12 Agasti. Itholakala e-: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/aiot-when-ai-meets-iot-technology/
10. I-International Science Council (2023). 'Uhlaka lokuhlola ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obuthuthuka ngokushesha nobuhlobene: I-AI, Amamodeli Olimi Amakhulu nangale kwalokho'. Umkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Omhlaba. Itholakala ku: https://council.science/publications/framework-digital-technologies/
11. Westcott, K., Arbanas, J., Arkenberg, C., Auxler, B., Loucks, J. no-Downs, K. (2023). '2023 Amathrendi emidiya yedijithali: Ukucwiliswa futhi kuxhunyiwe', I-Deloitte Insights, 14 Ephreli. Itholakala e-: https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/insights/ industry/technology/media-industry-trends-2023.html

'Ithemba lethu ukuthola izindlela zokusebenzisana namalungu ethu
ngendlela yokuthi bazobuyelana kakhudlwana'.

I-IUPAC yinhlangano yomhlaba wonke enesisekelo samalungu ahlukahlukene. Njengoba amalungu ayo ehluka ngobukhulu namandla okusebenza, kusukela ezinkampanini ezinkulu, eziphethwe ngobungcweti kuya kwezincane eziphethwe abantu ngabanye, ukuxhumana nokusebenzelana nawo wonke umuntu ngempumelelo kuyinselele.

Inselele: Okuthandwayo okuhlukahlukene kokuzibandakanya kwedijithali

Izinhlangano ezingamalungu e-IUPAC ahlukahlukene zinezinketho zokuxhumana ezihlukene. Nakuba abanye bethambekele eziteshini ezivamile njengama-imeyili, abanye bakhetha izinkundla zesimanje zedijithali. Lokhu kubekela i-IUPAC inselele enkulu: indlela engcono yokusebenzisa izinsiza zayo ezilinganiselwe ukuze ixhumane nezithameli ngokuncanyelwayo okuningi okuhlukahlukene.

Inhlolovo yokuzibandakanya kwedijithali

Ukuze uqonde kangcono izintandokazi zamalungu ayo kanye nokwenza ngcono isu layo lokubandakanya, i-IUPAC yenze inhlolovo yezokuxhumana. Inhloso bekuwukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwemigudu yayo yokuxhumana yamanje kanye nokuhlonza izindawo okufanele zenziwe ngcono. Imiphumela yenhlolovo iqondise i-IUPAC ekuthuthukiseni isu layo lokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi esizindeni senkundla yezokuxhumana, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amalungu asebenzisana ngokuphumelelayo futhi athola ulwazi olufanele ngemigudu yawo ayithandayo.

I-IUPAC iphinde yaqala ukudala imicimbi yedijithali ukuze ixhumeke nezingxenye ezithile zenethiwekhi yayo. I-Global Women's Breakfast iqale njengomcimbi wabesifazane, futhi isikhule yaba umcimbi wawo wonke umuntu onentshisekelo yokwenza ukuxhumana okusha emphakathini wamakhemikhali womhlaba. Ivumele i-IUPAC ukuthi ibonise umsebenzi wayo, ixhumane ngqo nalo mphakathi futhi ifinyelele izethameli eziningi.

Amathemba esikhathi esizayo

Isebenzisa imininingwane evela kunhlolovo yezokuxhumana, i-IUPAC ihlose ukuthuthukisa isu layo lokusebenzisana kwedijithali. Ngokwenza izindlela zayo zokuxhumana zihambisane nezintandokazi zezithameli, i-IUPAC inethemba lokukhuthaza ukuxhumana okuqinile nesizinda sayo samalungu ahlukahlukene futhi iqinisekise ukuthi imilayezo yayo iyazwakala.

Nakuba izinhlangano eziningi zesayensi ziqala uhambo lwazo lokuguqulwa kwedijithali ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwedijithali nokuzibandakanya, inhlolovo Yamalungu e-ISC iveze ukuthi lena yindawo lapho bezwa sengathi amakhono abo abuthakathaka kakhulu (umfanekiso wesi-2). Kuzo zonke izinhlangano, ikhono eliqine kakhulu elibikiwe kule ndawo kwakuyinkundla yezokuxhumana (2.6 kwabangu-4); obuthaka kakhulu bekuyi-SEO (1.7/4) kanye nokuqoqwa kwezimali kwedijithali (1.3/4). Lokhu kugcizelela inselelo yokuthuthukisa amasu edijithali okufinyelela nokuxhumana nezithameli ngezindlela ezinothile nezifanelekile.

Nokho, ukusebenzelana kubonakala kuyinto ehamba phambili kwezedijithali kuwo wonke Amalungu. Ngisho nezinhlangano ezibike amazinga aphakathi noma aphansi wamakhono ekuzibandakanyeni kwedijithali zabeka phambili ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi lwesayensi, okubonisa ukuthi ukufinyelela nokuxhumana kuyizinjongo ezibalulekile kungakhathaliseki izinga lazo lobuchwepheshe.

Mayelana nezithiyo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana, inhlolovo ibonise ukuthi Amalungu abika amazinga aphansi amakhono akhombe izidingo eziyisisekelo ezifana 'nombono ocacile walokho esingakufeza ngedijithali', 'Ikhono lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha ukuze ushintshe' kanye 'Nokuqonda kwedijithali. amathuluzi'. Njengoba amazinga amakhono akhula, Amalungu agcizelela izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi: 'Ukuqonda amathrendi edijithali nokuthi ayithinta kanjani inhlangano yakho', 'Ikhono lokuthuthukisa nokushumeka isu elihle ledijithali' kanye 'Namakhono obuholi bedijithali (isb, ukusebenzisana kakhulu)'.

1. Ukuqondanisa isu ledijithali
   » Isu lamanje lenhlangano yakho ledijithali lihambisana kanjani nokushintshashintsha kwe-
   ukufinyelela kanye nengcebo enkathini yedijithali?
   » Iziphi izindlela osebenzisa ngazo amandla okuqukethwe okucebile ukuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kwakho?
2. Ukufakwa kanye nomongo
   » Inhlangano yakho ikuqinisekisa kanjani ukubandakanywa kwedijithali, kucatshangelwa ukuhlukahluka
   izizinda, amasiko, izilimi namazinga ekhono ledijithali?
   »Ingabe ulungisa okuqukethwe kwakho kwedijithali kanye namasu okuzibandakanya ngokusekelwe kumongo
   yiziphi izethameli zakho ezixhumana nayo?
3. Ukufunda okuqhubekayo kanye nempendulo
   »Inhlangano yakho iqoqa kangaki impendulo ngamasu ayo edijithali kanye
   imizamo yokuzibandakanya?
   » Yiziphi izindlela ezikhona zokuzivumelanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokusekelwe kule mpendulo?
4. Indlela egxile kulungu
   » Inhlangano yakho ibeka kanjani phambili izidingo nokuthandwa ngamalungu ayo
   izinhlelo zayo zedijithali?
   » Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukusebenzelana kwamalungu kuwusizo futhi kuwusizo
   amalungu ngokwawo?
5. Ubufakazi besikhathi esizayo
   » Inhlangano yakho ilungiselela kanjani ukuhlanganiswa okwandayo kwe-AI namathuluzi edijithali ku
   ukusebenzelana kwamalungu nokuxhumana?
   » Yiziphi izinyathelo ozithathayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isu lakho ledijithali lihlala libalulekile njengobuchwepheshe
   iyaqhubeka nokuvela?

Njengoba uguquko lwedijithali lubumba kabusha zonke izici zempilo yethu, izinhlangano zesayensi zimi empambanweni yesiko nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Uguquko lwedijithali lunikeza amathuba angakaze abonwe okusungula izinto ezintsha, ukwandisa ukufinyelela nokudala inani ngezindlela ebezingacatshangwa ngaphambili - nokwenza lokho ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe.¹²

Indawo esobala kakhulu lokhu okwenzekayo enanini lemikhiqizo yolwazi: izethameli zingathola inani elisha emikhiqizweni ngamashaneli edijithali. Ngokuphambene, ukugcwala kolwazi kwenza kube nzima kunangaphambili ukuthi imikhiqizo ethile nolwazi lugqame okuholela enkathini yedijithali echazwe 'njengenomnotho wokunaka'.¹³

I 'umsila omude' yitemu elithwebula ithuba langempela lezinhlangano zesayensi, kanye nalelo okungenzeka baliqonda kahle. Igama libhekisela ekuguquguqukeni phakathi kwezindleko nokuchichima. Eminye imikhiqizo evamile iyathengwa, iyafinyelelwa noma isetshenziswe ngamanani amakhulu, njengoba kwakunjalo. Kodwa emhlabeni wedijithali, inani elikhulu le-niche nezithakazelo ezinomkhawulo manje zingafinyelelwa ngendlela eshibhile futhi kalula. Lo mkhuba uphakela amapulatifomu afana ne-Amazon, echumayo ekunikezeni inqwaba yemikhiqizo, kusukela kwabadayiswa kakhulu kuya ezintweni eziwuchungechunge.¹⁴

Umsila omude ubuye usho ukuthi izinhlangano zesayensi ezisebenza ezindaweni ezi-niche ngokuqhathaniswa futhi ezinemikhiqizo ye-niche kuqhathaniswa zingenza leyo itholakale, zazi ukuthi nakuba imakethe yaleyo mikhiqizo incane, ikhona. Ngakho-ke lokhu akukhona nje kuphela mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo noma amasevisi abantu abawakhethayo, kuphinde futhi mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo noma amasevisi angamakethwa futhi kubani.

I-World Anthropological Union (WAU) iyisibonelo senhlangano eyenze lokho kanye: imodeli yayo yebhizinisi ishintshiwe ngokukhomba izindawo ezinokuqukethwe okunenani elithile kuzo (indaba yesi-4). Ukuba 'ilungu' akuyona indawo yokudayisa, futhi ubulungu abufiki nemali yonyaka. Kunalokho, abantu manje baba amalungu lapho bekhokha ukuze babambe iqhaza kumsebenzi othile (umcimbi, isemina noma okufanayo). Noma i-WAU iqondise ezingxenyeni zezethameli ezincane - ezineziphakamiso eziningi ezahlukene kunesiphakamiso sobulungu esisodwa - ikhulisa ubulungu bayo. Leli isu lobulungu eligxile emsileni omude.

References:

12. Hill, LA, Le Cam, A., Menon, S., kanye noTedards, E. (2022). 'Ukuhamba phambili enkathini yedijithali: Uguquko lwedijithali lungakuyisa kuphi?' Ulwazi Olusebenzayo Lwesikole Sebhizinisi saseHarvard. Itholakala ku: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/leading-in-the-digital-era-where-can-digital-transformation-take-you
13. 13 Joy, A. (2021). 'Umnotho wokunaka: Lapho ikhasimende liba umkhiqizo', I-Business Today Online Journal, 18 February. Itholakala ngo https://journal.businesstoday.org/bt-online/2021/the-attention-economy-asher-joy
14. 14 Anderson, C. (2006). Umsila omude: Kungani ikusasa lebhizinisi lithengisa kancane kakhulu. I-Hyperion.

'Sinqume ukushiya imodeli yethu yobulungu bendabuko
futhi manje kunokuxhumana okwengeziwe nabantu
abangaphandle kwenhlangano'.

I-WAU iyinhlangano esambulela enesakhiwo se-bicameral: I-International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences yamalungu ngamanye, kanye NoMkhandlu Womhlaba Wezinhlangano Ze-Anthropological wezinhlangano.

Inselele

Imodeli yobulungu be-WAU bendabuko yayisekelwe ohlelweni lwemali yonyaka, ihlinzeka amalungu ngokufinyelela okukhethekile kokuqukethwe nemicimbi. Kodwa-ke, ukulinganiselwa kwendawo kanye nokushintsha kwezibalo zabantu ezifundweni kube nezithiyo ezinkulu. Amalungu amaningi omhlaba awakwazanga ukuhambela imicimbi yawo mathupha ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhlela noma ukuntuleka kwemibhalo. Inhloso yale nyunyana ukuthi ihlanganise wonke umuntu futhi ivumelane nezimo ibhekane nezingqinamba ezinkulu.

Ukuziphendukela kwedijithali

• Ukucatshangelwa kabusha amamodeli obulungu: I-WAU ishintshile isuka kumodeli yayo yobulungu bendabuko yaya endleleni evuleleke kakhudlwana. Manje, abantu baba ngamalungu lapho bebambe iqhaza emsebenzini ohlelwa yi-WAU, okususa isidingo samadrayivu obulungu ahlukene.
• Gxila ekufakweni: Isisusa esiyinhloko salolu shintsho lwedijithali ukufakwa. I-WAU ibifuna ukubhekelela amalungu omhlaba abengakwazi ukuthamela imicimbi yasendaweni ngenxa yemikhawulo eyahlukene, kodwa abekwazi ukuhlanganyela kalula emicimbini enikwe amandla edijithali noma ethuthukiswe ngedijithali nemisebenzi.
• Ukuxhumana Okuhlukene: Ukuxhumana kwe-WAU kwavuleka kakhudlwana futhi kwaphumela obala. Esikhundleni sokulindela amalungu ukuthi afinyelele, manje asezama ukufinyelela amalungu kuzo zonke izinkundla eziningi.

Umthelela nokufunda

Indlela entsha yabona ukuthi i-WAU yahluka futhi yamazwe ngamazwe. Amalungu amaningi ajoyinile, futhi inhlangano isibheke kakhulu ngaphandle.

Izinhlangano zesayensi zingakhetha ukubhekelela izethameli ezinkulu noma ze-niche, noma zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa, zisebenzisa ingqalasizinda efanayo - njengewebhusayithi, inkundla yewebhu noma enye insizakalo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba kuma-ecosystem amaningi edijithali, uma ingqalasizinda yokuqala (njengewebhusayithi noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwesofthiwe) isimisiwe, ukwengeza omunye umsebenzisi noma ukukhiqiza enye iyunithi yomkhiqizo wedijithali akulula neze. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi 'Izindleko ze-marginal zero'.
Thatha i-OpenAI's ChatGPT, isibonelo. Uma ingqalasizinda isisendaweni yomsebenzisi wokuqala, wonke umsebenzisi olandelayo akabizi lutho ukwengeza.¹⁵

Inhlangano Yabesifazane Kwezesayensi Yezwe Elithuthukayo (i-OWSD) isebenzise leli thuba ukuthuthukisa uchungechunge lwezinsizakalo zamalungu kuwebhusayithi yayo - amaphrofayili agcwala ngokuzenzakalela, nezifanekiso ezilula zemisebenzi nezinto zezindaba - ezingaka ngokuphelele (isibonelo 5). Izindleko zokuqala zokwakha lolu hlelo ziphezulu, kodwa uma sekwakhiwe inombolo yabasebenzisi akuyona umkhawulo omkhulu. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yephrofayili bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe bedijithali bezindleko eziphansi. I-OWSD isebenzise lokhu ukuze idale inani lamalungu elijulisa ukusebenzelana nokuxhumana nenhlangano, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokukhawulela izinombolo.

Izikhombo:

15. Dawson, A., Hirt, M., and Scanlan, J. (2016). 'Izinto ezibalulekile kwezomnotho zesu ledijithali', McKinsey ngekota, 15 Mashi. Itholakala e-: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/the- okubalulekile kwezomnotho kwecebo-ledijithali

'Sakha indawo yokuhlangana yedijithali yamalungu ethu'.

I-OWSD izinikele ekwesekeni nasekukhuthazeni abesifazane kwezesayensi, ikakhulukazi emazweni anemali ephansi.

Inselele

I-OWSD idinga ukuqinisa ukusebenzelana nobulungu bayo obuningi futhi ikhulume ngempumelelo ngolwazi nezindaba zososayensi besifazane eGlobal South. Le nselelo yaqina phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, njengoba izindlela zendabuko zokubandakanya zazikhawulelwe.

Ukuqamba kwedijithali

• Amaphrofayili obulungu: I-OWSD idale amaphrofayili amalungu angaphezu kuka-9,000 kuwebhusayithi yayo. Manje ithuthukisa i-algorithm yokuvuselela lawa maphrofayili ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemisebenzi yamalungu, okushicilelwe kanye nezethulo.
• Ukudalwa kokuqukethwe okuhlukaniswe ezindaweni eziningi: I-OWSD iqale uhlelo oluvumela amalungu aqokiwe kusuka ezahlukweni zikazwelonke ukuthi alayishe izindaba, ikhulise amandla enhlangano futhi iqinisekise ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo kokuqukethwe okusha.
• Ukuxoxwa kwezindaba zevidiyo: Ukuphendula ubhubhane, i-OWSD ibheke ividiyo. Yaqasha umenzi wamafilimu ukuze athuthukise uhlelo lwezifundo futhi aqeqeshe abenzi bamafilimu emazweni ahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi ayisisekelo afana nomakhalekhukhwini, amavidiyo abe umphumela abephoqa futhi esebenza ngempumelelo.

Umthelela nokufunda

Ngokuqukethwe okukhiqizwa umsebenzisi kanye namaphrofayili elungu aqondene nawe, i-OWSD inikeze amalungu izwi eliqinile nomuzwa wokuphikelela. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhono ekuxoxeni izindaba kuvele njengendawo okugxilwe kuyo, uma kubhekwa amandla akho okuba nomthelela - ukushintshela kokuqukethwe kwevidiyo phakathi nobhubhane kubonise ikhono le-OWSD lokuzivumelanisa nezinselele futhi lisaletha okuqukethwe okuyikhwalithi.

Lolu cwaningo lwesibonelo lugqamisa omunye umzila omusha wokwazisa ukuthi izinhlangano zesayensi zedijithali zinikeza: kungenzeka inani lokudala ngokubambisana nabalaleli babo. Uhlelo lwe-OWSD lokuqeqeshwa kwamavidiyo edijithali lusebenzise inkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bedijithali ukunikeza izethameli zayo inzuzo (ukuqeqeshwa) bese ibuyisela inani (ukuthola amavidiyo adalelwe iwebhusayithi yawo). Ngokuvamile, abantu namuhla bafuna ukuxhumana nezinhlangano nontanga njengabahlanganyeli: ukwabelana, ukudala ngokubambisana kanye nokuba ngabanikazi ngokuhlanganyela kwalokhu kuxhumana, hhayi nje ukuba abamukeli abangenzi lutho.¹⁶

Ukubamba iqhaza kubalulekile ethubeni lokugcina elinikezwa yidijithali ezinhlanganweni zesayensi ezifuna ukwakha inani: imiphumela yenethiwekhi. Imiphumela yenethiwekhi ichaza into lapho inani lesevisi noma inkundla likhuphuka njengoba abantu abaningi beyisebenzisa. Okwezinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Facebook noma i-X (okwakuyi-Twitter phambilini); uma benabasebenzisi abaningi, iba yigugu kakhulu kumsebenzisi ngamunye, njengoba kunokuxhumana okuningi okufanele kwenziwe nokuqukethwe okufanele kudliwe. Lesi simiso sisekela izinkundla eziningi zedijithali namuhla: I-Uber, i-Airbnb nokunye bekungeke kusebenze ngaphandle kwayo. Emhlabeni wesayensi, ukunyakaza kwesayensi evulekile kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinkundla zokwabelana ngamaphrinta ngaphambili kuwubufakazi bendlela ososayensi abangene ngayo kule miphumela yenethiwekhi, bedlula imizila evamile yokushicilela. Amalungu e-ISC nawo angamanethiwekhi; kufanele bacabange ukuthi bangawasekela kanjani amalungu abo ekufinyeleleni imiphumela yenethiwekhi.

Inani liphinde lilethwe ngesivinini. Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali buhamba ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukudalwa kwenani kumele nakho. Ikhono lokuhlola imibono nemiqondo ngokushesha nangaphambi kwesikhathi libalulekile. Kusungulwe izindlela eziningi ezifuna ukunika amandla ukushesha nokuhlola okugxile kubasebenzisi, okuhlanganisa i-Agile, i-Design Thinking ne-Lean.¹⁷ Izinhlangano zesayensi zingahlola ngokushesha imikhiqizo emisha noma amasevisi, ziqoqe impendulo, ziphindaphinde, bese zikala ukuthi yini esebenzayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka okukhulu futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza zitshalwa emibonweni eqinisekiswe izethameli eziqondiwe. I-WAU (isibonelo 4) ingakwazi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola imibono yomcimbi ehlukene kalula futhi ibone ukuthi ithola yiphi intshisekelo, ilethe kuphela leyo efakazelwe ukuthi izothola izethameli. Ngokufanayo, i-OWSD (indaba 5) ingakhetha ukuhlola ubuncane benguqulo yomkhiqizo osebenzayo wesici esisha kusizindalwazi sayo sobulungu. Uma amalungu ephendula isici esisha, i-OWSD ingasithuthukisa ngokugcwele; uma kungekho mpendulo, ayikwenzi.

References:

16. Heimans, J. kanye no-Timms, H. (2014). 'Ukuqonda "Amandla Amasha"', I-Harvard Business Review, Disemba. Itholakala e-: https://hbr.org/2014/12/understanding-new-power
17. Schneider, J. (2018). 'Ukuqonda ukuthi Ukucabanga Kwedizayini, Ukuncika kanye Nokushesha Kusebenza Ndawonye', Imicabango, 28 January. Itholakala e-: https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/understanding-how-design-thinking-lean- futhi-ukushesha-kusebenza-ndawonye

Inhlolovo ye-ISC yagqamisa izindlela eziningi Amalungu azizwa ngayo ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bungasekela izinhlelo zabo zesikhathi esizayo. Ikakhulukazi, bazibona njengezibalulekile ekuletheni izinsiza ezingcono kanye nokusabalalisa ulwazi esikhathini sedijithali. Ukwengeza, ukuthonya abenzi bezinqubomgomo, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha kanye nokukhuthaza isayensi evulekile kwakuyizinjongo zezinhlangano eziningi.

Izinhlangano zibike izinjongo ezihlukene zedijithali, ngokusekelwe kukho konke ukuzethemba ezinakho kumakhono azo edijithali. Isibonelo, izinhlangano ezibika amazinga ekhono aphezulu noma aphakathi nendawo zigcizelele 'Ukuthuthukisa isayensi evulekile' kanye 'nokusabalalisa ulwazi lwesayensi kabanzi'.
Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi banamathuluzi edijithali adingekayo kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuze baqale ukusebenzisa idijithali njengengxenye eyinhloko yokufuna umthelela.

Izinhlangano ezinamaleveli wamakhono amaphakathi zibeka phambili 'ukuletha izinsizakalo ezingcono zamalungu/abasebenzisi abengeziwe', mhlawumbe okubonisa ukuthi zithole izinga elithile lobuchule bedijithali futhi manje zigxile ekusebenziseni lawo makhono ukuze zithuthukise ukulethwa kwazo kwesevisi.

Imibuzo esemqoka yokuzindla

1. Ukudalwa kwevelu nemikhiqizo yedijithali:
   » Inhlangano yakho ingazisebenzisa kanjani izinkundla zedijithali ukwethula imikhiqizo emisha noma amasevisi?
   » Iziphi izindlela othuthukisa ngazo amandla 'womsila omude' wedijithali ukuze unikeze kokubili imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo ezivamile nezivamile?
2. Amamodeli wokuzibandakanya kanye nobulungu:
   » Uwashintsha kanjani amamodeli akho obulungu ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zamalungu akho enkathini yedijithali?
   » Yimaphi amasu akhona okuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu acabanga phambili ngokwesiko nangokwedijithali athola ukubaluleka ekuzihlanganiseni nenhlangano yakho?
3. Ingqalasizinda nobukhulu:
   »Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ingqalasizinda yakho yedijithali iyakhula, ikuvumela ukuthi ubhekelele ababukeli abakhulayo?
4. Ukudala ngokubambisana nokubamba iqhaza:
   » Ulikhuthaza kanjani isiko lokusebenzisana nokubamba iqhaza phakathi kwamalungu akho, uwavumela ukuthi abambe iqhaza futhi azuze?
   » Iziphi izindlela osebenzisa ngazo imiphumela yenethiwekhi ukuze uthuthukise isiphakamiso senani lezinkundla namasevisi akho?
5. I-prototyping esheshayo nempendulo:
   » Inhlangano yakho ingasebenzisa kanjani i-prototyping esheshayo ukuze ihlole futhi iqinisekise imizamo emisha yedijithali?
   » Uyihlanganisa kanjani impendulo yelungu ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze uphindaphinde futhi uthuthuke emikhiqizweni namasevisi akho edijithali?
6. Izinselelo zesikhathi esizayo:
   » Yiziphi izinyathelo ozithathayo ukuze uzulazule ezinseleleni zokugcwala kolwazi, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ibhalansi phakathi kokusungula izinto ezintsha nokufakwayo?
   » Uyilungiselela kanjani inhlangano yakho ukuthi ihlanganise futhi isebenzise intuthuko ku-AI - ngesivinini noma inani lababukeli bakho?

Lapho zibhekene nentuthuko esheshayo yezobuchwepheshe, izinhlangano zesayensi zidinga ukuthuthuka ngokuya ngamamodeli azo okusebenza, amakhono eqembu kanye nezakhiwo ukuze zihlale zifanelekile futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi izinhlangano zenza kanjani umsebenzi wazo enkathini yedijithali kuwumongo ku abangakufeza ngokusebenzisa idijithali.

Ukusebenza ngesivinini

Umhlaba wedijithali ubonakala ngesivinini sawo esingaphezi, nentuthuko evame ukuvela ngokushesha.¹⁸ Ukuqhubekela phambili okubonakalayo kungaphindeka kabili ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye, okuholela emiphumeleni esheshayo nevame ukungalindelekile. Lo mqondo ungaba nzima ukuthi abantu nezinhlangano bawuqonde, njengoba kufakazelwa ekuqaleni kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, lapho abaningi bekuthola kuyinselele ukuqonda ukuthi amacala ambalwa angawodwa angangena kanjani ngokushesha abe yisimo esiphuthumayo somhlaba wonke.¹⁹

Isibonelo samanje salokhu kukhula okusheshayo ukukhuphuka kwamathuluzi e-AI akhiqizayo, njenge-ChatGPT.
Lawa mathuluzi, angakhiqiza okuqukethwe okusha, okwangempela, ayengaziwa ngonyaka odlule kodwa abone ukuhlanganiswa okusheshayo kumasu ebhizinisi. Ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezinhlanu ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-ChatGPT ngoNovemba 2022, cishe ingxenye yesine yabaphathi be-C-suite abahlolwa nguMcKinsey base befake ubuchwepheshe be-AI obukhiqizayo emsebenzini wabo, futhi amaphesenti angama-28 amabhodi ayenezinhlelo zokuxoxa ngokuthi angabufaka kanjani ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, okuyisivumelwano. emandleni ayo okuguqula.²⁰

Ukubophela amathuluzi edijithali ukuze kube nobungqabavu

Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo okusheshayo kugcizelela isidingo sokushesha. Njengoba isimo sedijithali sithuthuka, kanjalo nekhithi yamathuluzi etholakala ezinhlanganweni zesayensi. Amathuluzi edijithali angasiza ukwabelana ngolwazi okungenazihibe futhi akhuthaze ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo namathimba ahlukahlukene. Bavumela umsebenzi wokusebenzisana ukuthi uhambisane, ukuze abantu ngabanye bakwazi ukufaka isandla ngejubane labo. Lolu shintsho lungenza izinhlaka zenhlangano ezisabalalise kakhulu, ngokukhula kokuzimela kwabasebenzi kanye namathuba amakhulu okubambisana kwezinhlaka ezihlukene.²¹ Izinzuzo ezingaba khona ezinhlanganweni zesayensi ziningi: ukushesha okuthuthukisiwe, ukutholakala kwezinto ezintsha nezindlela zokusebenza eziqinile.

I-Nigerian Academy of Science ihlinzeka ngomfanekiso ophoqelelayo walolu shintsho lwedijithali (indaba eyisifundo 6). Ngokwenza izinqubo zenhlangano kudijithali, isikhungo semfundo ephakeme sisheshise ukuthathwa kwezinqumo kanye nokwandisa ukubamba iqhaza kwamalungu kule nqubo.

References:

18. U-Azhar, A. (2021). I-Exponential: Ukusheshisa ubuchwepheshe kusishiya ngemuva nokuthi senzenjani ngakho. Ibhizinisi Lezindlu Ezingahleliwe.
19. Lammers, J., Crusius, J. and Gast, A. (2020). 'Ukulungisa imibono eyiphutha yokukhula kwe-coronavirus ekhulayo kukhulisa ukwesekwa kokuncishiswa komphakathi'. Izinqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences, 117(28), amakhasi 16264-16266. https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2006048117
20. McKinsey & Inkampani. (2023). 'Isimo se-AI ngo-2023: Unyaka wokuphuma kwe-Generative AI', 1 Agasti. Itholakala e-: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai-in-2023-generative-ais-breakout-year
21. U-De la Boutetière, H., Montagner, A. no-Reich, A. (2018). 'Ukuvula impumelelo ekuguqulweni kwedijithali', McKinsey & Company, 29 Okthoba. Itholakala e-: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/unlocking-success-in-digital-transformations

'Inhloso yethu ukuthi sibe sedijithali ngangokunokwenzeka'.

I-Nigerian Academy of Science, eyasungulwa ngo-1977, iyisikhungo sesayensi esihamba phambili eNigeria. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka izikhungo zikahulumeni ngezeluleko ezisekelwe ebufakazini, isayensi ezuzisayo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ukuze kubhekwane nezindaba zikazwelonke.

Inselele

Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 ugcizelele isidingo sokuvumelana nezimo nokuqina. Izindlela ezivamile zokusebenza, kuhlanganise nemihlangano yomuntu siqu, ngokuvamile zazingenakwenzeka. I-Nigerian Academy of Science ibhekane nenselele ekabili yokugcina ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kobudlelwane bayo obuningi nokuqhubeka nendima yayo yokweluleka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ukuqamba kwedijithali

• Ukuxhumana okubonakalayo: Imihlangano, izinkulumo zomphakathi nokunye ukuxhumana okubalulekile kushintshelwe kuzingxenyekazi zedijithali, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki.
• Ukuvota kwedijithali kanye nezibonelelo: Isikhungo semfundo ephakeme siqinise izindlela zaso zokuvota zedijithali zokukhethwa kozakwethu kanye nezicelo zesibonelelo sikahulumeni ezilula ngokusebenzisa izinkundla eziku-inthanethi.
• Ukuphathwa kwezimali: Ukugunyazwa kwezezimali nokuphatha kwaguqulelwa endaweni yedijithali.

Umthelela nokufunda

Uguquko lwedijithali olusheshayo lwesikhungo semfundo ephakeme, ngenkathi impendulo kulo bhubhane, lwembula izinzuzo ezingaba khona zemodeli yokusebenza eyenziwe ngedijithali. Ukubamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yomkhandlu kwalondolozwa, futhi mhlawumbe kwathuthukiswa, njengoba impendulo nokusebenzisana kwakuchuma ezinkundleni ezifana ne-Zoom, WhatsApp kanye ne-imeyili.

Ngibheka phambili

Nakuba izindaba ezinjengokuntengantenga kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi okungathembekile kuseyinselelo, lesi sikhungo sihlala sizibophezele esu laso ledijithali. Ibona ngeso lengqondo ikusasa lapho amathuluzi edijithali anika amandla yonke into, kusukela kokweluleka kuya kwezemfundo. Inezinhlelo eziqhakazile, njengokusungulwa kwemitapo yolwazi kanye nokwakhiwa kwemnyuziyamu yesayensi, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusebenzelana kwedijithali kanye nemfundo.

Ukushintsha izinqubo akuyona ukuphela kwendawo yamathuba nenselelo: amakhono amasha ayadingeka, futhi. Abasebenzi ezinhlanganweni zesayensi abafisa ukukhulisa ukuguquguquka kwabo futhi basebenzise amathuba edijithali kudingeka bathole amakhono amasha edijithali ukuze bakwazi kahle ukuthi idijithali isebenza kanjani, ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, nokuqonda izinhlelo zedijithali nedatha.²²

IKomidi Lesayensi Locwaningo Lwe-Oceanic (SCOR) linikeza isibonelo esihle. Ikhono lokudala izilinganiso ezinkulu zedatha usebenzisa izinzwa zedijithali namathuluzi kwakusho ukuthi inhlangano kufanele ithuthukise amakhono amasha ekuphathweni kwedatha yedijithali (indaba yesi-7).

Ukufaka amakhono amasha ku-automation kunganikeza izinhlangano zesayensi ukonga okukhulu okungaba khona. Noma yisiphi isenzo esiphindaphindwayo singaba impokophelo yokuzenzakalela, kusetshenziswa amasistimu axhunyiwe namarobhothi. Lokhu akuphathelene nokushintsha abasebenzi; abantu babalulekile ekuqondiseni, ekuqondiseni nasekukhuliseni izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo. Kodwa ngokuzenzakalela, izinhlangano zesayensi zinganciphisa isikhathi sabasebenzi esichithwa emisebenzini yokuphatha neyenani eliphansi, into izinqubo zokuphatha ezigcwele ngayo. I-automation ingase futhi isekele izinqubo zocwaningo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlolwa kwe-hypothesis. Kepha ukusizakala ngalokhu, izinhlangano zesayensi kufanele zihlanganise amakhono amasha, ziqeqeshe abantu ukuqondisa amarobhothi.²³

References:

22. U-Dondi, M., Klier, J., Panier, F. no-Schubert, J. (2018). 'Ukuchaza amakhono izakhamuzi ezizowadinga ezweni elizayo lomsebenzi', McKinsey & Company, 25 Juni. Itholakala e-: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/defining-the-skills-citizens-will-need-in-the-future-world-of-work
23. Bughin, J., Hazan, E., Lund, S., Dahlström, P., Subramaniam, A. kanye no-Wiesinger, A. (2018). 'Ukushintsha kwamakhono: Ukuzenzakalela kanye nekusasa labasebenzi', I-McKinsey Global Institute, 23 Meyi. Itholakala e-: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/skill-shift-automation-and-the-future-of-the-workforce

Sidinga idatha ukuze ifinyeleleke kalula ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu'

I-SCOR yinhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ekhuthaza uphenyo lwesayensi emkhakheni wocwaningo lwasolwandle.

Inselele

Njengoba amakhono obuchwepheshe ocwaningo lwe-oceanic anda, kanjalo nevolumu nobunkimbinkimbi bedatha. Ubukhulu bedatha ekhiqizwayo, obuhambisana nesidingo sokusebenzisana kuwo wonke amaqembu omhlaba, bubeka izinselele ezinkulu. I-SCOR yabona isidingo sokuphathwa kwedatha yedijithali okuphumelelayo kanye namathuluzi okuxhumana athuthukisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenzisana kwesayensi okuqhubekayo nokusebenzayo. Okugxilwe kakhulu kwe-SCOR ukwenza lula izinkundla zedatha yedijithali ezisebenzayo nezimeme phakathi kwamaphrojekthi.

Izinkundla zedijithali ezigqanyisiwe

• I-International Quiet Ocean Experiment ihlanganisa i-meta-database yokubonwa komsindo wolwandle (amarekhodi angaphezu kuka-5,000). Ukwengeza, iqembu elisebenzayo lifuna ukuthuthukisa umtapo wolwazi womhlaba wonke wemisindo yebhayoloji engaphansi kwamanzi ezothuthukisa ukufinyeleleka futhi isebenzise amakhono ekhompyutha okufunda ngomshini okhulayo ukukhomba imisindo.
• Iphrojekthi ye-GEOTRACES, eqoqa idatha yezakhi zokulandelela nama-isotopes olwandle, ibhekana nesidingo sokuhlanganisa idatha futhi iyenze ifinyeleleke esidlangalaleni. Ngokubona lokhu, i-GEOTRACES Data Assembly Center (GDAC) ilungiselela idatha ezofakwa kungobo yomlando ukuze isetshenziswe isikhathi eside futhi ikhipha Imikhiqizo Yedatha Ephakathi njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine. I-SCOR isekele ukusimama kwedathasethi ye-GEOTRACES ngokusingathwa kwe-GDAC yi-British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Umthelela kanye Nezifundo

Izinkundla zedijithali azenzanga nje kuphela inani elikhulu ledatha elifinyeleleka kodwa futhi zikhuthaze ukubambisana komhlaba wonke. Lokhu kuvala izikhala futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bathola ulwazi olufanayo.

Izinguquko ezinqubweni namakhono zinomthelela nakanjani isiko lenhlangano.²⁴ Kunezibonelo eziningi zokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani: ukukhuphuka komsebenzi okude kuye kwashintsha okulindelekile mayelana nebhalansi yokuphila komsebenzi; ukwamukelwa kwamathuluzi afana ne-imeyili, i-Slack noma i-Microsoft Teams kushintsha lokho abantu abakulindele ngezikhathi zokuphendula; kanye nesivinini soshintsho kumakhono kudala isidingo sokuqeqeshwa ukuze kusekelwe intuthuko eqhubekayo.

Zonke lezi zinguquko ziyinselele kanye nethuba. Ngokwamukela nokweseka uguquko lwesiko, izinhlangano zingakha amathuba amasha, zibandakanye kakhudlwana, zisebenze kahle, zibe nemibono emisha futhi zibe nomthelela. Okubalulekile kusekuboneni amathuba kanye nokuwahlanganisa ngendlela ehlelekile enhlanganweni: ukuqasha ithalente emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zomsebenzi ezikude; ukugqugquzela izinqubo zokubambisana zesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthunyelwa emuva naphambili kokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili; kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo eziqhubekayo zokuthuthukisa eziqeqesha abasebenzi namalungu.

Lapho izinhlangano zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokushesha lapho zibhekene noshintsho, zibhekana nazo izingozi zamasu. Emhlabeni wezohwebo, izisusa zokwenza uguquko lwedijithali lwezinqubo, amakhono, amasiko kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi kuvame ukuhlelwa eduze kwezingozi. Lokhu kusekelwe okuhlangenwe nakho okunzima: izinkampani ezisunguliwe ezifana ne-Kodak ne-Blockbuster zithunyelwe emlandweni ngenxa yokuthi azizange zisabele izinguquko zedijithali - njengekhamera yedijithali nevidiyo- lapho kudingeka khona - ngempumelelo. Ngokufanayo, imithombo yezindaba evamile engazange isheshe ijwayelane nobuntatheli be-inthanethi ibhekane nokuncipha kokufunda njengoba izethameli zithuthela ezinkundleni zezindaba zedijithali.²⁵ Imvelo ewinayo-yonke yemikhiqizo eminingi yedijithali, njengoba ibonakala ngezinkundla ezifana ne-Google ne-Facebook, yengeza engcupheni yalezo zinkampani ezibona ukuncintisana ezinkundleni ezintsha.²⁶

Nakuba izibonelo ezingenhla zihlobene nezinkampani ezenza inzuzo, izinhlangano zesayensi azigomekile ngokuphelele engozini yamasu. Kukhona 'izinhlangano ezizimele ezizimele' (ama-DAO) ezintsha ezizama izindlela ezihlukene zokuxhumanisa nenhlangano kusayensi.²⁷ Izibonelo zifaka I-VitaDAO, Lab DAO futhi I-DeSci Foundation. Lezi izinhlangano zobulungu, lapho ukubambisana kwakhelwa eduze 'kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile' nokunye okuqanjwa okusha okusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa bedijithali obufana ne-blockchain. Zimelela indlela ehlukile yokuletha umuzwa ofanayo wokuxhumana, ukusebenzisana nokuba ngowakho - kodwa ziguqulelwe esizukulwaneni sososayensi nabacwaningi abangabomdabu bedijithali.

Ukuthi lezi (noma ezinye izinhlangano zedijithali) ziba usongo ezinhlanganweni zesayensi zanamuhla kuzoncika ekutheni lezo zinhlangano ezindala zingakwazi yini ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi zifake izinqubo zedijithali ezihlangabezana nezidingo zososayensi abakhuliswe enkathini yedijithali. Izinhlangano ezingavumelani namashifu edijithali zingase zibe nzima ukuheha noma ukugcina ososayensi abancane abalindele amathuluzi nezinkundla zesimanje. Kodwa sonke singakwazi ukufunda kusuka - noma ngisho nokusebenzisana - lezi zinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlangano eziqala ngedijithali, ukuguqula izinsongo ezingaba amathuba zibe amathuba amahle.

References:

24. Buchanan, J., Kelley, B. and Hatch, A. (2016). 'Indawo yokusebenza yedijithali namasiko: Indlela ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bushintsha ngayo abasebenzi nokuthi amabhizinisi angazivumelanisa kanjani futhi aguquke', Deloitte. Itholakala ku: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/human-capital/us-cons-digital-workplace-and-culture.pdf
25. USolis, B. (2014). 'I-Digital Darwinism: Ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo bushintsha kanjani ibhizinisi libe kuhle', Wired, 24 Ephreli. Itholakala e-: https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/04/digital-darwinism-disruptive-technology-changing-business-good/
26. Barwise, P. and Watkins, L. (2018). 'Izizathu eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuthi kungani izimakethe zobuchwepheshe zinqoba zonke', Ukubuyekezwa Kwesikole Sebhizinisi saseLondon, 18 Julayi. Itholakala e-: https://www.london.edu/think/nine-reasons-why-tech-markets-are-winner-take-all
27. Hamburg, S. (2021). 'Shayela ukujoyina inhlangano yesayensi ehlukaniselwe izwe', Nature, 600, p. 221. doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-03642-9

Ucwaningo lwamaLungu lucele abaphendulile ukuthi bahlukanise amazinga abo amakhono emikhakheni emithathu (ukusebenzelana, izinsizakalo zamalungu kanye nokuphatha). Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi izinhlangano zivame ukukhombisa ukungaguquguquki emazingeni azo amakhono kuzo zonke izigaba, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezeqisayo (eziphansi noma eziphakeme kuzo zonke izindawo). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amakhono, ngokuvamile, awathuthukiswa endaweni eyodwa kodwa kuyo yonke inhlangano.

Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona ama-nuances athile, ezinye izinhlangano zihamba phambili endaweni eyodwa noma ezimbili kuyilapho zisalele kwenye; isibonelo, izinhlangano ezinamazinga aphansi wamakhono ekuzibandakanyeni kanye namakhono asezingeni eliphakathi ekuphatheni ezinamazinga aphakathi noma aphezulu amakhono ezinsizeni zamalungu (izinhlangano ezintathu neziyisihlanu ngokulandelana).

Ucwaningo luphinde lwabheka izinselelo ezibalulekile Amalungu e-ISC abhekana nazo mayelana nokufakwa kwedijithali, amakhono kanye nedatha.

Yiziphi izinselelo ezinkulu inhlangano yakho ebhekene nazo maqondana nedijithali?

Ekugcineni, uma sibheka ikusasa, izimiso zokuziphatha nezinqubo zokuqoqa idatha yamalungu kwavela njengento ekhathaza kakhulu Amalungu e-ISC amaningi. Lokhu kukhombisa futhi ukubaluleka kwamakhono edatha nolwazi lwezinhlangano ezikule ndawo.

Umphumela wokugcina ubufuna ukuqonda okubalulekile kwabaphendulayo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza inqubekelaphambili ekwakheni izinhlelo zabo zedijithali. Sekukonke banomuzwa wokuthi badinga ukuqonda kangcono amathrendi namathuba edijithali.

UKUZE UQHUBEKELE NGE-DIGITAL, YIZIPHI AMAKHONO, ULWAZI NOMA UKUZIPHATHA OKUDINGA INHLANGANO YAKHO ITHUTHUKE EZINYANGENI EZIYI-18 EZINGAKUMBI.

Imibuzo esemqoka yokuzindla

1. Isakhiwo senhlangano
   »Inhlangano yakho ihlela kanjani kabusha ukwakheka nokusebenza kwayo ukuze ivumelane nezimo kuhlelo
   inkathi yedijithali?
   » Yiziphi izinyathelo ozithathayo ekushintsheni kokwejwayelekile uye kwenhlangano eshesha kakhulu
   izakhiwo?
   » Ingabe uqasha abantu abanamakhono nolwazi lwedijithali ezindimeni eziphezulu - emabhodini noma
   amaqembu abaholi?
2. Amakhono weqembu
   » Yiziphi izinhlelo ezikhona zokuthuthukisa amakhono amalungu eqembu lakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlomele
   sebenzisa amandla amathuluzi edijithali?
   » Ulikhuthaza kanjani isiko lokufunda okuqhubekayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo lapho ubhekene
   amathuluzi edijithali ashintsha ngokushesha?
3. Ukwamukela okuzenzakalelayo
   » Yiziphi izici zokusebenza kwenhlangano yakho lapho uhlola khona okuzenzakalelayo ukuze uthuthukise
   ukusebenza kahle?
   » Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukuthinta komuntu kuhlala kumaphakathi noma nje i-automation iqhubeka
   indima enkulu?
4. Ukuphathwa kwedatha
   » Yimaphi amasu osuwasebenzisile ukuphatha umthamo okhulayo wedatha okhiqizwa ngawo
   amathuluzi edijithali?
   » Uqinisekisa kanjani ukusimama kwedatha nokufinyeleleka, ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside
   amaphrojekthi?
5. Isiko lenhlangano
   » Ulikhulisa kanjani isiko elamukela uguquko lwedijithali futhi ulibone njengento
   ithuba kunokuba usongo?
   » Yiziphi izindlela ezikhona zokuqoqa umbiko mayelana noshintsho lwamasiko nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyavumelana
   qondanisa namagugu asemqoka enhlangano yakho?
6. Ukuphathwa kweengozi
   » Uzihlonza futhi uzisingatha kanjani izingcuphe ezingaba khona ezihlobene nedijithali
   uguquko?
   »Ulungiselela kanjani inhlangano yakho ukuthi ihlale ishesha futhi iguquguqukayo
   i-digital landscape?
7. Ukubambisana nokuhlanganiswa kwemikhakha eyahlukene
   » Uwasebenzisa kanjani amathuluzi edijithali ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kwezinhlanga ezahlukene kanye
   emisha?
   » Yiziphi izinkundla noma amasu owathole ephumelela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenzisana
   kanye nokubumbana phakathi komphakathi wesayensi?
8. Isizukulwane sendabuko sedijithali
   » Inhlangano yakho iwajwayela kanjani amasu ayo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zososayensi kanye
   abacwaningi abangabomdabu bedijithali?
   » Yiziphi izinyathelo ozithathayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinqubo zakho zedijithali zihambisana nabancane
   amalungu futhi uwahehe enhlanganweni yakho?

Inkathi yedijithali iletha amathuba amakhulu ezinhlanganweni zesayensi ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo, zandise ukufinyelela kwazo futhi zandise umthelela wazo.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba lo mbiko ubonisa, ayikho indlela yokulinganisa eyodwa yokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Izinhlangano ziqala ngamaphuzu ahlukene futhi zigxile emizamweni yokuguqula ezindaweni ezihlukene ngokusekelwe kuzimo zazo ezihlukile. Isibonelo, i-Royal Society isebenzise isikhundla sayo nolwazi ukuze ithole amathuba okusebenzisa i-SEO ukuze ifinyelele izethameli ezibanzi (indaba efundwayo 1), kuyilapho i-Global Young Academy igxile ekutheni ingabandakanya kanjani kangcono amalungu anezidingo ezithile (indaba efundwayo 2). ). I-WAU ibone ithuba lokulungisa kabusha imodeli yayo ukuze ifinyelele ubulungu bomhlaba owengeziwe (indaba yesi-4).

Ngobubanzi, kunezindawo ezintathu zamathuba eziveziwe kulo mbiko:

Okokuqala, ukuxhumana kwedijithali kuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi zeqe izithiyo futhi zikhuthaze ukuxhumana okunengqondo nababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana kwedijithali kuyigebe lamakhono abalulekile kuMalungu amaningi, ngakho-ke ukwakhiwa kwamandla nokugxila kuyadingeka.

Okwesibili, amapulatifomu edijithali namathuluzi angasiza ekudaleni futhi alethe inani ngemikhiqizo emisha, amasevisi kanye nolwazi, ngokuvamile ngesivinini nangesilinganiso. Ihabhu i-OWSD eyakhela amalungu ayo (indaba 5) iyisibonelo esihle salokhu, kodwa ukwenza kanjalo kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali nokuzibophezela ukuze kuthuthukiswe kucatshangwa ngabasebenzisi.

Okwesithathu, ukulungisa amakhono eqembu, izinhlaka zenhlangano nezinqubo kubalulekile ukuze uhlale ushesha. Ubhubhane lwaphoqa lokhu kwi-Nigerian Academy of Science (indaba yesi-6), futhi isizuze ngenxa yalokho. Kodwa ukushintsha amaqembu, izakhiwo nezinqubo akulula neze, futhi kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi kungani kufunwa uguquko nokuthi impumelelo izobukeka kanjani.

Nakuba idijithali ithembisa amathuba amaningi ezinhlangano zesayensi, ukushintsha kwedijithali nakho kubhekana nezinselele mayelana nokuphathwa koshintsho, izikhala zamakhono, ukuguquguquka kwamasiko nokulinganisa isiko nokusungula. Indlela ye-nuanced ibalulekile. Izinhlangano kufanele zishaje uhambo lwazo lwedijithali oluhlukile oluqondaniswe nenjongo namagugu azo. Ukubambisana nokwabelana ngolwazi, njengoba kugqugquzelwa amanethiwekhi afana ne-ISC, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali akusona isinyathelo sesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo yokuhlola, impendulo nokufunda. Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kuningi ngabantu namasiko njengoba kumayelana namathuluzi. Ngokuyamukela ngokucabangisisa, izinhlangano zesayensi zingafinyelela ukusimama okukhulu, ukufakwa kanye nomthelela. Yize ubungozi bukhona, izinga lamathuba alethwa yidijithali lizidlula kude - ikakhulukazi njengoba intuthuko ku-AI manje ithembisa ukusheshisa ushintsho lwedijithali emphakathini.

Ezinhlanganweni ezifuna ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe kuyilapho zihlezi zigxilile kunjongo yazo, futhi zamukela umoya wokuvuleleka nokufunda, idijithali inesithembiso sokuletha amalungu amaningi abambe iqhaza, umthelela owengeziwe kanye nokufaneleka okwengeziwe.