Ukubuyekezwa Kohlelo Lwezempilo Nempilo Yasemadolobheni

Lo mbiko ubhala ukubuyekezwa okuzimele kwamaphakathi nethemu okuhlelekile kohlelo lwe-International Science Council (ISC)[1] Uhlelo lomsebenzi olunesihloko esithi “Impilo Yasemadolobheni Nenhlalakahle: Indlela Yezinhlelo”. Lolu hlelo, olwasungulwa ngo-2014, okwamanje luxhaswe yi-United Nations University International Institute of Global Health (UNU-IIGH) kanye ne-InterAcademy Partnership (IAP), ngoxhaso olubalulekile lwezezimali oluvela e-Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) e-Xiamen. , China.

Njengoba ukubuyekezwa kuhloswe ngakho ukwazisa isigaba esilandelayo salolu hlelo lweminyaka eyishumi, ithimba lokubuyekeza ligxilise umsebenzi walo ngenhloso yokuhlonza izindawo ezibalulekile zokukhula nokuqondiswa.

Ukuthola okusemqoka

• Ukuhlola okuphelele kwethimba lokubuyekeza ukuthi iHhovisi Lohlelo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe (IPO) lenze 'uhlelo lwesayensi' olunentshisekelo kanye nekomidi eliqondisayo elihlaba umxhwele, kanye nabasingathi bendawo.
• Eminyakeni emithathu noma ngaphezulu yokuqala, i-IPO ihlangabezane nezinselelo ezimbalwa ekuhlangabezaneni nezinhloso zayo kanye nezinjongo njengoba zivezwe ohlelweni. Lezi zinselele, ezilindeleke nganoma iyiphi i-IPO entsha, zisukela ezindabeni ezihlobene nolimi nabasebenzi kuye ekucaciseni okulindelekile. Iphaneli yokubuyekeza inombono wokuthi umqondo oyinhloko wohlelo - ukukhiqiza ucwaningo oluhlobene nenqubomgomo - wawunesifiso sokuvelela, futhi uma kubhekwa izinsiza ezilinganiselwe, kudinga ukucatshangelwa kabusha ngokucophelela ukuthi ungaya kanjani phambili. Uhlelo lokudidiyela amaphrojekthi ocwaningo alukafezeki.

Izincomo

Ngokombono ocatshangelwe wephaneli yokubuyekeza, uhlelo alukho ethubeni lokufeza izinjongo njengoba kushiwo ohlelweni lokuqala lwesayensi. Njengezinyathelo ezilandelayo ezinengqondo, iphaneli yokubuyekeza incoma ukuthi:

• Ubuholi be-IPO kufanele busebenze ngokubambisana ne-CAS kanye nekomiti eliqondisayo ukuze kubuyekezwe uhlelo lwesayensi ukuze bunikeze izinjongo nezinjongo ezifanele, ezinokwenzeka nezifinyelelekayo.
• I-IPO ikhuthazwa kakhulu ukuthi isungule imodeli enengqondo kanye/noma amamethrikhi okulinganisa (isb. izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile) ezingasebenza kokubili njengephini eliqondisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nohlaka lokuhlola.

Iphaneli yokubuyekeza futhi ikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi uhlelo lunamandla anele okuvumela ukuncishiswa, umthelela ohlosiwe esigabeni salo esilandelayo nesokugcina, uma izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqashwa seziqalisiwe.

[1] I-International Science Council (ISC) yasungulwa ngo-2018 kulandela ukuhlanganiswa koMkhandlu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wesayensi (ICSU) kanye noMkhandlu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wesayensi Yezenhlalakahle (ISSC). Lo mbiko walungiswa ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa; lapho kufaneleka khona, amagama abuyekeziwe ukuze abonise ukuthi i-ISC ingumxhasi ngokubambisana wohlelo kusukela ngoJulayi 2018.

Impilo yabantu ikhonjwe ku-International Council for Science (ICSU) Strategic Plan (2006-2011) njengento entsha ebekwe eqhulwini ocwaningweni, ngenhloso eshiwo “ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukucatshangelwa kwezempilo kuyabhekwa ngokufanele ekuhleleni nasekwenzeni imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo yakhela phezu kwamandla afanelekile eNyunyana Yezesayensi Nezinhlaka Ezihlukahlukene.”

Ukuchaza ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuthi i-ICSU ingaba negalelo kanjani kusayensi yempilo yabantu, kwasungulwa iqembu le-scoping ngo-2006. Iqhaza leqembu le-scoping bekuwukucabangela umkhankaso wezempilo osevele uthuthukiswa phakathi komphakathi we-ICSU nokuhlonza izindawo ezengeziwe noma izindlela lapho i-ICSU ingase ibe khona. engeza inani kulezi zinhlelo.

Iqembu le-scoping lithole ukuthi inqwaba Yezinyunyana Zesayensi Nezinhlaka Ezihlukahlukene ze-ICSU zase ziqale ukwenza isinyathelo sesayensi yezempilo nokuphila kahle kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2002. Futhi ngo-2007, i-Earth Systems Science Partnership, eyahlanganisa uguquko lwezemvelo lomhlaba wonke lwe-ICSU. izinhlelo, ishicilele uhlelo lwesayensi lokuguquka kwemvelo emhlabeni jikelele kanye nempilo yabantu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, iHhovisi Lesifunda lase-ICSU lase-Afrika lenze ukuhlaziya izidingo zocwaningo lwezempilo zezwekazi. Lezi zinhlelo zibonisa ukwanda kokuqwashisa kanye nentshisekelo, kuyo yomibili inqubomgomo nocwaningo, yokuxhumana phakathi kwemvelo yabantu basemadolobheni yesimanje kanye nezingozi zohlu lwemiphumela yezempilo emibi.

Ngemva kokuxoxisana nomphakathi wesayensi we-ICSU, ithimba elisha lokuhlela lasungulwa ngo-2008 ukuze liqhubekisele phambili imibono ehlonzwe emsebenzini wokwenza isikophu. Umphumela waba uhlelo lwamanje lwesayensi oluphakamisa uhlaka lomqondo olusha lokucatshangelwa ubunjalo bezinto eziningi kokubili okunqumayo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwempilo nokuphila kahle kubantu basemadolobheni omhlaba. Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza amaphrojekthi athile ocwaningo, uhlelo olusha lwesayensi lwezempilo nempilo yasemadolobheni (UHWB) lwagunyazwa ukuba lugxile kulokhu:

• Ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha kanye nokuhlonza izidingo zedatha kanye nezikhala zolwazi.
• Ukwakha nokuqinisa amandla esayensi.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nokuxhumana.

Ngokwenza kanjalo, imisebenzi yohlelo lwe-UHWB ihloselwe:

• Thuthukisa indlela yezinhlelo empilweni yomuntu kanye nokuphila kahle endaweni yasemadolobheni eshintshayo phakathi kososayensi nabathatha izinqumo.
• Qinisa amandla okwenza ucwaningo ngempilo yomuntu kanye nokuphila kahle endaweni eshintshayo yasemadolobheni usebenzisa indlela yezinhlelo.
• Gwema izindlela zokuxhasa ngezimali impilo yabantu kanye nokuphila kahle ekushintsheni kwezindawo zasemadolobheni.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuqondwa kwezindaba zezempilo kanye nempilo yasemadolobheni kuyo yonke imikhakha nemikhakha.
• Izivumelwano zokuxhumanisa isayensi nobuchwepheshe ukuze kusetshenziswe izixazululo zobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile zempilo nenhlalakahle yasemadolobheni.
• Ithonya i-ajenda yamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi ihlanganise nezinhlelo zezempilo zasemadolobheni.

Ngokuhambisana nemodeli 'ejwayelekile' ye-ICSU yokuqaliswa kohlelo, le misebenzi bekufanele yenganyelwe futhi iqondiswe iKomidi Lesayensi elizinikezele lamazwe ngamazwe, elixube imikhakha eyahlukene kanye ne-IPO eyasungulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo. Lokhu bekucatshangwa njengohlelo lweminyaka eyi-10, ukuvumela isikhathi esanele sokuthi imiphakathi yocwaningo nenqubomgomo ephathelene nempilo yasemadolobheni kanye nenhlalakahle yamukele izindlela zokuhlaziya izinhlelo.

Ngo-2011, i-General Assembly ye-ICSU yagunyaza izinhlelo zohlelo olusha lomhlaba wonke oluthi “Impilo Nenhlalakahle Endaweni Eshintshayo Yasemadolobheni: Indlela Yokuhlaziya Amasistimu”. Ngo-2014, i-IPO yavulwa e-Xiamen, e-China, isingathwe yi-Institute of Urban Environment (IUE) e-CAS, ihlinzeka ngendawo yokuthuthukiswa kolwazi lwesayensi, ukushintshana nokuxhumana.

Uhlelo lwe-UHWB luwuhlelo lwesayensi lomhlaba wonke kanye nendikimba yemikhakha eyahlukene yoMkhandlu Wesayensi Yamazwe Ngamazwe, esekelwa yi-UNU-IIGH kanye ne-IAP. I-IPO yayo isingathwe yi-IUE ye-CAS e-Xiamen, e-China.

Umbono walolu hlelo wukukhiqiza okuhambisana nenqubomgomo ulwazi olusekelwe ku-a indlela yezinhlelo lokho kuzokwenza ngcono isimo sezempilo, ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezempilo futhi ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabantu basemadolobheni emhlabeni jikelele. Lolu hlelo luklanyelwe ukwakhela phezu, nokudala ukusebenzisana, isayensi nemiphakathi yenqubomgomo, kugxilwe empilweni yabantu kanye nokubhekana nombono obaluleke kakhulu kodwa ongakafundwa ngokwanele mayelana nezinqumo ezihlelekile zezempilo nokuphila kwabantu.

Uhlelo lubheka amadolobha anempilo esikhathi esizayo asebenza njengezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo izinzuzo zempilo kanye nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni impilo yeplanethi.

Imigomo yalolu hlelo lwesayensi ibonisa uhlaka oluhlongozwe umbiko weqembu elihlelayo (ICSU 2011):

1. Ukukhuthaza kanye nokuxhumanisa amaphrojekthi ocwaningo ngokukhiqiza imiphumela yezifundo enomthelela omkhulu; ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi olungcono ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zababambiqhaza abathintekayo kwezempilo kanye nenhlalakahle yasemadolobheni; kanye nokusungula izindlela zezinhlelo zempilo nokuphila kahle endaweni yasemadolobheni njengendawo ephumelelayo nefanele yocwaningo lwemikhakha eyahlukene.
2. Ukuthuthukisa izindlela kanye nokuhlonza izidingo zedatha ngokuphakamisa izindlela ezintsha nezindlela ezisebenzayo ezinseleleni ezithile zempilo nokuphila kahle endaweni yasemadolobheni; ngokuhlonza izidingo zedatha ezazisa futhi zibe nomthelela ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene eziqhubekayo nezihleliwe zokubheka nokuqapha; nangokuhlonza idatha entsha evela ocwaningweni lwesithathu olungenziwa lutholakale ngokusobala.
3. Ukwakha nokuqinisa amandla ngokwakha amandla esayensi kanye nokweseka izinkundla zemikhakha eyahlukene ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo ngezempilo nenhlalakahle yasemadolobheni kusetshenziswa indlela yezinhlelo; ngokwakha amandla abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nabasebenzi ukuze baqonde ucwaningo lwesayensi mayelana nempilo yasemadolobheni kanye nenhlalakahle besebenzisa indlela yezinhlelo; ngokwenza lula ukusungulwa kwamanethiwekhi ocwaningweni, amabhizinisi kanye nemiphakathi yomphakathi ethatha indlela yezinhlelo zempilo kanye nenhlalakahle yasemadolobheni; futhi ngokwandisa isibalo sabafundi nososayensi abasebasha abanentshisekelo yokwenza ucwaningo kanye nemisebenzi yezamabhizinisi neyokuxoxisana yomphakathi ngempilo yasemadolobheni kanye nenhlalakahle besebenzisa izindlela zezinhlelo ezibandakanya nezindaba ezibalulekile ezihambisana nenqubomgomo.
4. Ukuxhumana ngolwazi olusha: ukukhuthazwa nokufinyelelangokwakha inkundla ye-virtual njengendawo eyinkomba yomphakathi wesayensi nabanye ababambiqhaza; ngokukhuthaza ukusebenzisana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwabacwaningi kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza abafanelekile, ngezingqungquthela nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi; nangokwenza imiphumela itholakale kubabambiqhaza abaningi ngefomethi efanele evumela ukuba baqondeke kalula.

Esimweni soguquko lwezemvelo, ezomnotho nezenhlalo emhlabeni wonke, mhlawumbe asikho isenzakalo esimangalisa ukwedlula ukufudukela emadolobheni. Kakade, abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu bomhlaba bahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Izindlela zokuphila zasemadolobheni kanye nokwehlukahlukana okwandayo kwezimo zasemadolobheni akudalanga nje kuphela izigaba ezintsha zenhlalo nemithetho yamasiko, kodwa futhi nesethi entsha yezindima zezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokushintsha amaphethini okufinyelela kanye nesidingo sezempilo nezinye izinsiza ngaphakathi naphakathi kwamadolobha. Ukufudukela emadolobheni kumelela kokubili ithuba kanye nobungozi, kanye nesethi entsha yezinselelo zalabo abathintekayo ekuvikeleni nasekuthuthukiseni impilo yabantu kanye nenhlalakahle. I-Propinquity iveza kokubili izinzuzo kanye nokungazuzisi - umnotho we-agglomeration kanye nezinga, kodwa futhi nokwehlukana kokuminyana nokugcwala kwesikhungo.

Amadolobhakazi abe wumgogodla wokuqinisekisa ikusasa elisimeme elibekwe ku-Ajenda Entsha Yasemadolobheni, Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme kanye nezinye izici eziyingqophamlando ze-Ajenda yowezi-2030 Yentuthuko Esimeme. Izinsika ezintathu zoguquko kwezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle, nezemvelo zingafinyelelwa kangcono emadolobheni, ahlanganisa u-75% we-GDP yomhlaba kanye nama-75% okukhishwa kwekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke, futhi abalingisi bezinga ledolobha badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke nezesifunda.

Isayensi iphinde ibe neqhaza okumele ilibambe ekugqugquzeleni uguquko olusimeme futhi ingaba nguzakwethu onamandla wabalingisi bezepolitiki kanye nabathatha izinqumo. Izindlela isayensi engaba nomthelela kuzo inqubomgomo kanye nokweseka izinguquko kufanele ziqiniswe futhi ziqiniswe.

Ukukhula kwentuthuko emadolobheni (abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.5 ngesonto banezelwa kubantu basemadolobheni emhlabeni wonke, futhi u-90% walokho kukhula kwenzeka emazweni ase-Afrika nase-Asia) uzobeka izidingo ezinkulu engqalasizinda, izinsiza, ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, isimo sezulu, imvelo, kanye nempilo. -ukuba. Imishini edala ulwazi efana ne-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) isithathele inselelo yasemadolobheni. Kodwa lolu shintsho lwasemadolobheni emhlabeni wonke ludinga indlela ye-multiscale ne-multi-dimensional.

Sekukonke, uhlelo lwe-UHWB lusekude ekufinyeleleni izinhloso zalo ezinkulu. Ababuyekezi baphakamisa ukuthi okudingekayo esikhathini esifushane uhlelo lokubeka phambili imisebenzi kanye nomuzwa ohambisanayo wokuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphi izinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube nendlela ehlosiwe yokuxoxisana - nabalingani, abanye abacwaningi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nemiphakathi yomphakathi. Uhlelo, ngeKomidi lalo leSayensi, kufanele lusebenzele ukwakha isu lomsebenzi eligxile kakhulu.

Ababuyekezi bayaqaphela ukuthi i-IPO yenze umzamo omkhulu ekubhaleni izicelo zocwaningo kanye nokuhambela imihlangano yesayensi ngomzamo wokuhlangabezana nomgomo wokuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi ocwaningo. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye enkulu yalo mzamo ibe ngosomathuba kunokuba ibe ngamasu, futhi iKomidi Lezesayensi lidinga ukunikeza isiqondiso esiqinile sokuthi amandla angawachithiswa kuphi njengoba izinsiza zilinganiselwe.

Umgomo wokuthuthukisa izindlela zezidingo zedatha kusazofezwana. Ngokubandakanya iKomidi lalo Lesayensi, uhlelo lwakhe isisekelo esiqinile ngokusungula 'inethiwekhi' exegayo yabacwaningi besayensi yesistimu esebenzayo. Ithuba kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo ngelokwandisa nokuqinisa le nethiwekhi.

Lolu hlelo luphinde lwazabalaza ukufeza inhloso 'yokuxhumanisa' ucwaningo. Lokhu kube yinselele ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: izinsiza ezilinganiselwe (abasebenzi); izindaba zolimi; incazelo yomsebenzi yoMqondisi oMkhulu (okungukuthi ama-20% kuphela esikhathi okufanele anikezelwe emisebenzini yocwaningo); kanye nemibandela yokusebenza yeKomidi Lezesayensi (okungukuthi ukungakhiqizi imiphumela yocwaningo yohlelo). Ngalezi zingqinamba, kunzima ukubona lapho ucwaningo lwangempela luzokhiqizwa khona.

Lolu hlelo lusebenzele ukugqugquzela 'indlela yezinhlelo' - njengoba kuvezwe yimihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi eyahlukene kanye nemihlangano lapho uMqondisi oMkhulu ebambe iqhaza khona. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, kanye nokuthi uhlelo alukwazanga ukuqasha Isikhulu Sezokuxhumana, ukugqugquzelwa kwemisebenzi yohlelo akuphumelelanga njengoba bekulindelekile. Kudingeka indlela ye-pragmatic kakhudlwana ukuya phambili, ekhuthaza unobhala we-IPO ukuthi enze ngendlela eyingxube ekhiqiza izinsiza zangaphandle, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo isiza futhi ikhuthaze imisebenzi yocwaningo yabanye - okungukuthi, ozakwethu bangaphandle.

Ukusebenzelana okuhle kwalolu hlelo ne-International Society for Urban Health (ISUH), futhi ikakhulukazi ingqungquthela yayo yaminyaka yonke, kunikeza ithuba elihle lokuthola isisekelo sokuxoxisana nezifundiswa, kanye nokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha sososayensi besistimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngobuholi beKomidi Lesayensi elivelele, kunethuba lokukhulisa umkhakha ngokushicilela izindaba ezikhethekile zamajenali kanye nama-monograph ashicilelwe emhlabeni wonke ahlobene nezindaba ezihamba phambili kwisayensi yezinhlelo (isibonelo, ijenali ye-ISUH).

Ukuqinisa, ukwenza ngokusemthethweni, ukuphromotha, ukusekela nokusebenzisa abacwaningi besayensi yesistimu asebevele bekunethiwekhi kufanele kube yinto okugxilwe kuyo kakhulu. Umgomo oyinhloko kufanele kube ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwalaba bacwaningi ukuze baqeqeshe isizukulwane esilandelayo sososayensi besistimu endaweni esezingeni eliphezulu yokwenza isayensi yezinhlelo. Ukudala inethiwekhi esemthethweni yososayensi besistimu - ikakhulukazi izifundiswa zangaphambi kwesikhathi namaphakathi ezikwazi ukugqugquzela ucwaningo ngalunye nokushicilela okutholakele okusha - kuzosiza ukuhlinzeka ngephothifoliyo esebenza kakhulu yohlelo.

Uma kubhekwa ukukhula kwamadolobha ngokushesha okwenzeka eShayina, kanye neqiniso lokuthi lolu hlelo lukhona, kungaba yithuba eliphuthelwe ukube ibingenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi yososayensi bezinhlelo ezweni. Inhlangano ephethe, i-IUE, kufanele futhi ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekusunguleni, ekukhuthazeni nasekuqhubekiseni le nethiwekhi, nekomidi lesayensi lasekhaya elibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.

Uhlelo lwe-UHWB luqukethe abasebenzi be-IPO (uMqondisi Omkhulu kanye Nomsizi Wokuphatha ngesikhathi sokubhala; asikho Isikhulu Sesayensi noma Isikhulu Sezokuxhumana), kanye neKomidi Lesayensi. IKomidi Lesayensi lichaza izinto ezibalulekile kanye namasu okuqalisa ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo, lichaza kabanzi inqubomgomo futhi lidlala indima yokumela. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusebenza noMqondisi Omkhulu ekuceleni izimali ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yohlelo eqondiswa, noma edidiyelwe, i-IPO. Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngaphansi kwengqalasizinda yesikhungo esisingathayo - i-Institute of Urban Environment etholakala e-Chinese Academy of Sciences - esihlinzeka ngamasevisi angaphakathi nosekelo lwezezimali, olusebenza ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zangaphakathi zesikhungo kanye nezwe elisingethe.

Eqinisweni, lolu hlelo luncane kakhulu ukuthi lungagunyaza uhlaka lokubusa olunemininingwane. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindima nezibopho kubonakala kungqubuzana. Inselelo enkulu yoMqondisi Omkhulu izinto ezibalulekile eziqhudelanayo zohlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokubuka indawo yalo ngaphakathi kwesikhungo socwaningo saseShayina; kanye nemikhawulo yesikhathi esibekelwe imisebenzi yocwaningo (okungukuthi ama-20%). Imizamo yokunqoba lokhu kungezwani idinga ukuxazululwa, okulindelwe kucaciswe kulokho okungafezwa ngaphansi kwezingqinamba zendima.

Lokhu kucaciswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nomhlangano wokuhlela wamasu oqhutshwa yiKomidi Lezesayensi ukuze kugxilwe kunhloso yohlelo, umbono, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sesigaba sokugcina. INgqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezempilo Yasemadolobheni yowezi-2019, lolu hlelo oluyibambe ngokubambisana, inikeza inkundla ekahle yokubamba lezi zingxoxo, kanye nemoto yokufeza imisebenzi yalolu hlelo yokwakha amakhono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi.

Ukwakha uhlelo locwaningo lwasekhaya olusekelwa umqondisi-kanye okhulumayo noma uMqondisi Odidiyelwe, kanye nabanye ozakwabo abathola iziqu zobudokotela nabafundi abafundela ubudokotela, kungasiza lolu hlelo okungenani ngezindlela ezimbili. Izonikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kuMqondisi Omkhulu emizamweni yakhe yokwakha uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe - nabafundi abazuzayo ekuvuleni inethiwekhi enkulu yabacwaningi (ngeKomidi Lesayensi). Futhi izokweseka ukuthuthukisa amanethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwe-China ngenkathi idala uhlelo locwaningo lwasekhaya olugxile kwezempilo nenhlalakahle yasemadolobheni ngokusebenzisa ilensi yesayensi yohlelo.

Iqhaza kanye nemisebenzi yeKomidi Lezesayensi kufanele kubuyekezwe. Kuyacaca ukuthi eminye imisebenzi ayizange igcwaliseke ngokuhambisana nemibandela yayo yokuqala. IKomidi Lesayensi, kanye noMqondisi Omkhulu, kufanele lihlole kabusha ukusebenza kwalo kanye nemibandela yereferensi, futhi lisize uMqondisi Omkhulu ekubekeni isu elisha lesinyathelo sesayensi elihambisanayo, elingenzeka futhi elifinyelelekayo phakathi nesikhathi esisele sokuphila sohlelo. . IKomidi Lezesayensi kufanele libuyekeze inqubekelaphambili yohlelo ngokuqhathanisa nezinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile njalo.

Iphaneli yokubuyekeza iyavuma ukuthi imali eningi, izinsiza, kanye nokuthakasela sekungene ekwakhiweni, ekuthuthukisweni nasekuphathweni kohlelo lwe-UHWB njengoba lunjalo njengamanje. Kuwudumo kubantu abahililekile, futhi iphaneli yokubuyekeza iphawula uxhaso lwemali oluningi kanye nokwesekwa okuthile okuhlinzekwe kuze kube manje yisikhungo sokusingatha kanye nesigaba esilandelayo sohlelo.

Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngaphansi kwengqalasizinda yesikhungo esisingathayo - i-IUE ye-CAS - esihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zangaphakathi nokusekelwa ngezimali, ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokusebenza ezisezingeni lesikhungo kanye nezwe elisingathayo. Nokho, naphezu kokuzimisela ukwamukela uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe olufana nalolu, izinkinga ezimbalwa ezingokoqobo zivimbela ukuqaliswa okuphelele kwalolu hlelo eShayina.

Isibonelo, ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi be-IPO kube yinkinga ebucayi negebe elibalulekile. Lolu hlelo luthwale kanzima ukuqasha isikhulu seSayensi (isikhundla besinezinyanga ezingu-18 singenamuntu ngesikhathi sokuloba) kanye nesikhulu sezokuXhumana – okuyisikhundla ebesihlonzwe njengesibalulekile ukuze luphumelele lolu hlelo kodwa esingakagcwaliswa kusukela ekuqaleni kwalolu hlelo. uhlelo. Imibuthano eminingana yenhlolokhono yenziwe kuphela kulabo abakhethiwe ukuze benqabe ukunikezwa becaphuna amathemba angcono kwenye indawo.

Indima Yesikhulu Sesayensi, njengoba ikhangisiwe, ithi i-PhD iyadingeka nokuthi u-50% wesikhathi uzonikelwa ocwaningweni. Lesi yisizathu okungenzeka ukuthi abantu abazongenela ukhetho banqabe: iposi alinikezi ithuba elanele labafundi bezinga le-PhD lokuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo lwabo. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi bezinga lenkosi (abaneminyaka eminingana yesipiliyoni) nokuqhubeka nokuhlela kabusha incazelo yesikhundla.

Iphaneli yokubuyekeza ibona izinselelo zoMqondisi Omkhulu ongeyena isikhulumi somdabu osebenza ngaphandle kwabasebenzi ababalulekile. Iphaneli incoma ukuthi imodeli yomqondisi-munye ihlolwe, kugxilwe ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo locwaningo lwasekhaya oluxhunywe ku-IPO (okuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuxhumana nokwengamela abacwaningi ababuthwe endaweni). Iqhaza Lokubambisana nomqondisi lingasiza futhi ukwengezela indima yoMqondisi Ophethe wamanje, ukunakekela ukugwema ukuphindaphindeka kwezibopho.

Ekwenzeni lesi sincomo, iphaneli yokubuyekeza iyayibona inselele yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-IPO inokufinyelela okwanele kwezezimali kanye nezinsiza zabantu esimweni soxhaso esishintsha ngokushesha sokubambisana kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukusungula uhlelo olusebenzayo locwaningo lwasekhaya ngaphakathi kwe-IUE kunikeza amathuba, ngokomthetho, ukwakha inqwaba ebucayi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhungo sendawo, kanye nokuphelelisa izinjongo zamazwe ngamazwe zohlelo lwe-UHWB. I-IUE, isibonelo, isendaweni engcono kakhulu yokuheha abacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi basebenzisane noHlelo lwe-UHWB futhi baphishekele uxhaso lwezimali zamaphrojekthi ocwaningo ahlukahlukene. Imodeli enjalo futhi inqoba ukuhlukaniswa kohlelo nengqikithi yalo yendawo futhi ikhuthaze ukusebenzelana okwengeziwe nabanye abacwaningi nozakwabo e-IUE.

Sekukonke, indlela yokusebenza yokwenza uhlelo luphumelele idinga ukususelwa kumodeli entsha yokuthola abafundi nabacwaningi abaningi esikhungweni. Lokhu kuzoshumeka uhlelo ngaphakathi kwe-IUE futhi kuyenze izuze ocwaningweni olwenziwa lapho. Le modeli izophinde ihambe ibanga elide ekuqinisekiseni ukusimama kohlelo ngaphandle kwempilo yalo yamanje.

Uhlelo lwe-UHWB luhlakulele futhi lwasebenzisana nenethiwekhi enkulu yababambe iqhaza nabalingani - ngemicimbi ehlukahlukene, imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi, nezingqungquthela ezenziwa noma ezihanjelwe. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwano obunobuhlakani besikhathi eside akumele bube semthethweni.

Uhlelo seluqalile ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano bokusebenza nezinye izinhlelo nemizimba ye-ICSU ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo, Umqondisi Omkhulu udlala indima emithathu Yezinethiwekhi Zesenzo Solwazi Lomhlaba Wesikhathi esizayo (Ezempilo, Emadolobheni, Nengozi). Wonke amaNethiwekhi e-Future Earth Knowledge asezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthuka, lolu hlelo olukwazile ukuba nomthelela. Lolu hlelo futhi lusanda kuqala ukuxoxisana nokusebenzisana namahhovisi ezifunda e-ICSU, lwenza izinhlelo zemibono yesifunda eyahlukene mayelana nemodeli yezempilo yasemadolobheni ezobhekana nenqubomgomo. Nakulokhu, kukhona ukuntuleka kobambiswano olusemthethweni endleleni uhlelo olusebenza ngayo, okusho ukuthi imiphumela ebambekayo nemisebenzi ayikafezeki.

Abaxhasi bamanje balolu hlelo (i-UNU-IIGH, ICSU, ne-IAP) bonke bazibandakanya kahle nalolu hlelo, futhi bahlinzeka ngosekelo oluningi lobuhlakani. I-ICSU isebenzela ukubeka uhlelo emikhakheni yenqubomgomo ye-United Nations esezingeni eliphezulu (njengengqungquthela ye-Habitat III e-Quito), kanye ne-UNU-IIGH ku-World Urban Forum e-Kuala Lumpur. Kodwa-ke, ukwesekwa okuvela kubaxhasi ababambisene nakho akundile emazingeni aphezulu enhlangano, futhi kunzima ukuthola umqondo wokubaluleka kwesu lohlelo lwezinhlangano ezixhasayo.

Nokho, muva nje, i-IAP iqale ukusebenzisa uhlelo njengendlela yokubonisa ubulungu bayo (okusekelwe kakhulu kwezokwelapha/kwesayensi) ngokubaluleka okufinyelele kude kokuxhumana phakathi kwezempilo nendawo yasemadolobheni. Ngenxa yalokho, uMqondisi Omkhulu we-IPO umenyiwe ukuthi ethule uhlelo kuMhlangano Jikelele we-IAP. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni i-IAP ibeke ukubaluleka okukhulu nokugcizelela kweminye imisebenzi exhumanisa ezempilo nentuthuko esimeme (njengemisebenzi yayo Yezempilo Eyodwa).

I-UNU-IIGH isanda kwenziwa ukubuyekezwa kwamasu; ngakho-ke, ukuthi uhlelo luqondana kanjani nesiqondiso samasu esisha se-UNU-IIGH kusazobonakala. Lolu hlelo luxhumene kakhulu nobuholi obusha ngesikhathi sokuloba.

Futhi ngesikhathi sokubhala, i-ICSU yenza ukuhlanganiswa ne-International Social Science Council (ISSC), futhi ikusasa lemisebenzi yayo yesayensi lisazochazwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuletha i-ISSC nokuba nesayensi yezenhlalo ebhodini kuhambisana kahle nezinjongo zohlelo lwe-UHWB, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kuzoqinisa isisekelo sayo sesayensi. Lolu hlelo kusamele luchaze ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezibalulekile kulesi sikhala - njenge-World Health Organization kanye ne-Wellcome Trust - kodwa izingxoxo zamasu ezizayo zizogxila kakhulu ekutheni laba badlali abakhulu basebenza kanjani.

Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wokuhlela wamasu ochaza inhloso kanye nombono wohlelo nokuthi yini engazuzwa ngezinsiza ezikhona, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokuhlonza ababambisene namasu okufanele uhlelo lusebenze nabo. Lokhu kufanele kubandakanye izinjongo ezicacile eziphathelene nemiphumela efiselekayo efunwa kubambiswano. Lezi zinhloso zizosiza ekubekeni phambili imizamo futhi zinikeze isihlungi sokubuyekeza amathuba azayo. Ozakwethu abangaba khona bangafaka labo abakunqubomgomo (yamazwe ngamazwe nasekhaya e-China) kanye nemikhakha yezemfundo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ubudlelwano bufake lawo mahhovisi esifunda e-ICSU abaluleke kakhulu empilweni yezempilo yasemadolobheni. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenze ezindaweni ezibekwe eqhulwini emhlabeni jikelele, luhlinzeke ngokusebenzisana kanye nokukhulisa umthelela wohlelo. Isiqalo sizosebenzisana nalawo mahhovisi ezifunda asezifundeni ezikhula ngokushesha njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla.

Okwamanje, naphezu kwenethiwekhi yabalingisi ebanzi esebenzisana nayo, uhlelo lwe-UHWB luthwale kanzima ukukhombisa ithonya kulokho olukwenzayo. Ukuxhumana kube yinkinga, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi indima kanobhala ayifezekanga kusukela kwaqala lolu hlelo. Njengamanje, umfundi oqeqeshelwa umsebenzi usiza uMqondisi Omkhulu ngokubuyekeza amakhasi ewebhu ohlelo. Kodwa-ke, leli isu lesikhashana, futhi ukuqasha Isikhulu Sezokuxhumana kuzovumela uhlelo ukuthi lusebenze ngendlela enamasu kakhulu.

Lolu hlelo luhlukanisiwe nengqikithi yalo yendawo ngakho ukubonakala e-China kudinga ukuthuthukiswa. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uMqondisi Omkhulu kanye nezikhulu baxhumane nezikhulu zikahulumeni wasekhaya nowaseShayina kanye nososayensi. Kudingeka futhi ukuhumusha izincwadi ezibalulekile zohlelo (ngesiShayina nesiNgisi) njengendlela yokwandisa umthelela nokwenza ukuxhumana kufinyeleleke kalula.

Le mizamo, kanye nenkomba yesu elicacile, izovumela uhlelo ukuthi luqondiswe kakhulu endleleni olusebenza ngayo nasekusebenziseni izinsiza.

Iqhaza LeKomidi Lezesayensi
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iphaneli yokubuyekeza ikhuthaza kakhulu iKomidi Lezesayensi ukuthi:

Buyekeza eyayo imigomo yereferensi nemisebenzi njengoba iphathelene ne-IPO.
Yengamela ukubuyekezwa kohlelo lwesayensi.
Ukuthuthukisa nokuqapha ukuqaliswa kohlelo lwesu olubeka phambili imisebenzi futhi lubandakanya izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile.
Ngokwenza kanjalo, kunezelwa inani elincane ekugxileni emazweni/ezifundeni lapho ucwaningo oludidiyelwe seluvele luqinile. Kunalokho, izikhala ezinkulu ocwaningweni nasemandleni zisezingxenyeni ezikhula ngokushesha emadolobheni ase-Asia, e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Njengoba amahhovisi ezifunda abonise intshisekelo enkulu ekusebenzisaneni ne-UHWB, i-IPO kanye neKomidi Lesayensi kufanele bakhele phezu kwalokhu futhi bazame ukuqinisa lobu budlelwano.

Ukuhlelela amasu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iphaneli yokubuyekeza ikhuthaza kakhulu IKomidi Lesayensi ukuthi lisebenzisane noMqondisi Omkhulu ukuze libuyekeze uhlelo lwesayensi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imigomo nezinjongo zinamasu, zifanelekile, zingenzeka futhi ziyafinyeleleka esikhathini esisele ekuphileni kohlelo lwe-UHWB.

Ngokwenza kanjalo, iphaneli yokubuyekeza incoma ukuthi i-IPO isungule uhlelo lwesu oluhlanganisa imodeli enengqondo kanye/noma amamethrikhi okulinganisa (isb. izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile) ezingasebenza kokubili njengephini lokuqondisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye uhlaka lokuhlola.

Izincomo kuMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe
Iphaneli yokubuyekeza incoma ukuthi i-ISC isekele imodeli yokuphatha evumela ukuqokwa komqondisi-munye. Lo mqondisi-munye uzonikezwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa uhlelo locwaningo lwasekhaya ngezempilo nempilo yasemadolobheni (okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-postgraduate kanye ne-post-doctoral) kanye nokugqugquzela ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwe-IPO, i-IUE, nabanye ababambiqhaza basekhaya.

Iphaneli yokubuyekeza iphinde ikhuthaze i-ISC kanye neKomidi Lezesayensi ukuthi basekele i-IPO ekuqasheni abasebenzi abadingekayo.

Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka komhlaba wonke kokufudukela emadolobheni nempilo yasemadolobheni, iphaneli yokubuyekeza ikhuthaza ukwesekwa kwesikhathi eside kohlelo ezingeni lomhlaba kanye nokuqhubeka nokuhlanganisa uhlelo nemiqondo yalo kunkundla yenqubomgomo yomhlaba.

• Uhlu lwama-akhronimi:
• I-CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences
• I-IAP InterAcademy Partnership
• I-ICSU International Council for Science
• Ihhovisi le-IPO International Programme
• I-ISC International Science Council
• ISSC International Social Science Council
• I-ISUH International Society for Urban Health
• I-IUE Institute of Urban Environment
• UHWB Impilo yasemadolobheni kanye nenhlalakahle
• I-UNU-IIGH United Nations University International Institute of Global Health
• Buyekeza amalungu ephaneli:
• Susan Elliott, University of Waterloo
• Stewart Lockie, IKomidi Lokuhlela Nokubuyekezwa Kwesayensi, ICSU
• Billie Giles-Corti, RMIT University
• Carmencita Padilla, University of Philippines
• Chen Weiqiang, Chinese Academy of Sciences

• Uhlu lwabazoxoxwa nabo:
• Jose Siri, Ucwaningo Olukhulu Fellow, UNU-IIGH
• Peter McGrath, Umxhumanisi, IAP
• Montira Pongsiri, Senior Research Associate, Cornell University
• U-Eulalie Ruan, Umsizi Wokuphatha, IPO
• USharizad Dahlan, Isikhulu Sesayensi, Ihhovisi Lesifunda le-ICSU lase-Asia–Pacific
• Manuel Limonta, uMqondisi, Ihhovisi Lesifunda le-ICSU laseLatin America
• Yong-Guan Zhu, Umqondisi, IUE, CAS
• Jieling Liu, umfundi oqeqeshwayo kanye nekhandidethi le-PhD, e-Lisbon University
• U-Victor Abass, ikhandidethi le-PhD nokugcinwa kwekhasi lewebhu, IUE
• Franz Gatzweiler, uMqondisi, uhlelo lwe-UHWB
• Philippa Howden-Chapman, uSihlalo weKomidi leSayensi, uhlelo lwe-UHWB
• Fumiko Katsuga, Umqondisi Wehabhu Lomhlaba Wonke, Ikusasa Umhlaba Japan
• USusan Parnell, uSolwazi, Isikhungo Sasemadolobheni ase-Afrika
• UCarlos Dora, Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba
• U-Heide Hackmann, i-CEO, i-ISC (kusukela ngoJulayi 2018); Umqondisi Omkhulu, i-ICSU (kuze kube nguJulayi 2018)
• Jo Ivey Boufford, uMongameli, i-New York Academy of Medicine
• U-Qunli Han, uMqondisi Omkhulu, Ucwaningo Oludidiyelwe Lohlelo Lwezinhlekelele
• UPascale Allotey, uMqondisi, i-UNU-IIGH

Okubhekwayo
I-ICSU. 2011. Impilo kanye Nenhlalakahle Endaweni Eshintshayo Yasemadolobheni: Indlela Yokuhlaziya Izinhlelo. I-Interdisciplinary Science Plan: Umbiko Weqembu Elihlelayo le-ICSU. Paris, ICSU.