Isu Lezinga Eliphezulu LoMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-International Council for Science (ICSU) kanye ne-International Social Science Council (ISSC) kwakha inhlangano entsha - the Umkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Omhlaba - ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani, ukuqina kanye nokufaneleka kwesayensi emhlabeni wonke. Idala izwi lesayensi elihlangene, elinomhlaba wonke, elinamandla kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba nokumeleleka kuyo yonke imvelo (okuhlanganisa ngokomzimba, izibalo kanye nempilo) kanye nezenhlalo (kuhlanganise nesayensi yokuziphatha nezomnotho).

Ukubaluleka kokuqonda kwesayensi emphakathini akukaze kube kukhulu, njengoba isintu sibhekene nezinkinga zokuphila ngokuqhubekayo nangokulinganayo emhlabeni. UMkhandlu uzovikela ukubaluleka kwemvelo kanye namagugu ayo yonke isayensi ngesikhathi lapho sekulukhuni khona ukuthi izwi lesayensi lizwakale. Izoqinisa ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kwezinhlanga ezahlukene futhi isekele ososayensi ukuze banikele ngezisombululo ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezicindezelayo ezikhathaza umphakathi womhlaba. Izokweluleka abenzi bezinqumo kanye nabasebenzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesayensi ekufezeni ama-ajenda anesifiso sokuvelela njenge-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) eyamukelwa abaholi bomhlaba ngo-2015. Futhi izokhuthaza ukusebenzelana komphakathi okuvulekile nesayensi.

Umbono, umgomo kanye namagugu ayisisekelo

Umbono woMkhandlu uwukuqhubekisela phambili isayensi njengenzuzo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Ulwazi lwesayensi, idatha kanye nobungcweti kufanele kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu futhi izinzuzo zako zabiwe emhlabeni wonke. Ukusebenza kwesayensi kufanele kubandakanye futhi kulingane, futhi emathubeni emfundo yesayensi nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla.

Umgomo uwukusebenza njengezwi lesayensi yomhlaba wonke. Lelo zwi kumele libe namandla futhi lithembeke ku:

• Ukukhulumela ukubaluleka kwayo yonke isayensi kanye nesidingo sokuqonda okunobufakazi kanye nokuthathwa kwezinqumo;
• Ukugqugquzela nokweseka ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezifundo zokufunda ezindabeni ezinkulu ezikhathaza umhlaba wonke;
• Ukuveza ulwazi lwesayensi ezindabeni ezinjalo emphakathini;
• Ukukhuthaza ukuqhubeka nokulingana kwentuthuko yesayensi, ubuhlakani kanye nokufaneleka kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba; futhi
• Ukuvikela umkhuba okhululekile futhi onesibopho
  yesayensi.

Izimiso ezibalulekile okufanele zigcinwe emsebenzini woMkhandlu, ukuphatha kanye nokusebenzisana kuzoba:

• Ukusebenza kahle nobuchwepheshe;
• Ukubandakanywa kanye nokwehlukahlukana;
• Ukungafihli nobuqotho; futhi
• Ukuqamba nokusimama.

Ukuqaphela ukuthunywa

UMkhandlu uzowufeza umgomo wawo ngokuhlanganisa ubungcweti besayensi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze unikeze ubuholi ekusunguleni, ekufukameni nasekuxhumaniseni izinyathelo zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezindaba ezibalulekile emphakathini wesayensi nomphakathi. Izoqondisa izwi layo ngaphandle ezindabeni ezibalulekile zomphakathi, nangaphakathi, ezindabeni ezisekela izimpendulo zesayensi ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka khona ulwazi olusha, amakhono, izinsiza noma izindlela zokusebenza.

Ekwakheni ama-ajenda okusebenza okubalulekile, uMkhandlu uzosebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza zamalungu enhlangano futhi unikeze ukuguquguquka kokuklama nokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi nemikhankaso eqanjiwe, efika ngesikhathi futhi enomthelela. Imisebenzi yayo izokwethulwa ngokubambisana namalungu ayo kanye nabalingani ababalulekile.

Ukuzuza impumelelo

Ubuholi bososayensi abanombono, isipiliyoni esiqashelwayo kanye nempumelelo emangalisayo kuzoba semqoka kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba semthethweni koMkhandlu, ukwethembeka kanye namandla okuhlanganisa. Bazodinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uMkhandlu ugxilisa imizamo yawo ohlelweni olukhethwe ngokucophelela nolukholisayo lwezinto eziza kuqala kanye namaphrojekthi abhekana nezindaba ezibalulekile emhlabeni jikelele zesayensi nomphakathi. Ukulethwa okuyimpumelelo kuleyo ajenda kuzodinga ubambiswano olusebenzayo, okuvumela uMkhandlu ukuthi usebenze njengendawo eyinhloko yenethiwekhi exhunywe emhlabeni wonke yabahlanganyeli abanethonya nabathenjwayo.

Ubulungu boMkhandlu obuyingqayizivele bunikeza isisekelo esibalulekile somsebenzi wenhlangano. Ukuxoxisana ngokuzibophezela kwamalungu kuzoba yisona sinyathelo esibalulekile sempumelelo yoMkhandlu. Bazozuza emathubeni omhlaba okuqhubekisela phambili ezabo izinto eziza kuqala kanye nezithakaselayo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezibalulekile zamazwe ngamazwe zesayensi nemisebenzi, kanye nokuxhumana namanethiwekhi omhlaba anamandla.

Ukubonakala nakho kuzoba ukhiye. Ukuxhumana okuphoqelekile nokukhaliphile kanye nokufinyelela kuzokweseka ukuqashelwa koMkhandlu njengezwi elinomthelela emhlabeni jikelele. Isithunzi nomthelela wayo nakho kuzoncika emandleni nasemandleni endlunkulu enezinsizakusebenza ezinhle.

Ngo-Okthoba 2017, emhlanganweni owawuse-Taipei, amalungu oMkhandlu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wesayensi (ICSU) kanye noMkhandlu Wesayensi Yezenhlalakahle Yamazwe Ngamazwe (ISSC) avuma ukuhlanganisa futhi athole uMkhandlu Wesayensi Yezizwe Zonke. Yasungulwa ngo-1931 nango-1952 ngokulandelana, yomibili le Mikhandlu yenze umnikelo omkhulu kwisayensi yamazwe ngamazwe phakathi nokuphila kwayo. Isinqumo sokuhlanganisa sihambisana nentuthuko kwezesayensi emashumini eminyaka adlule. Kulandela iminyaka eminingi yokwandisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwale Mikhandlu yomibili, futhi kusabela esifisweni esabiwe sokukhulisa umthelela wezibopho zabo zesikhathi eside zokusebenza "ukuze kuzuze umphakathi" (ICSU) kanye "nokusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zomhlaba" (ISSC ). Ukuhlanganiswa kuhloselwe ukwakha isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukisa isayensi kuzo zonke izifundo nakuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, kanye nokuvikela indima ebalulekile yoMkhandlu ekulolongeni ikusasa lomuntu emhlabeni. Inhlangano entsha izothola amandla ebulungwini bayo obuyingqayizivele, obuhlanganisa izinyunyana zesayensi nezinhlangano, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye nemikhandlu yocwaningo.

Lo mbhalo ubeka isitatimende esibalulekile senhloso kanye nohlaka olusezingeni eliphezulu lokuqondisa intuthuko ebambekayo yoMkhandlu omusha esikhathini esizayo. Iveza umbono, umgomo kanye nesethi yamagugu asemqoka enhlangano, ikhombisa ukuthi umgomo ungafinyelelwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinqumo ezibalulekile zempumelelo eziyoba yiyo. Izincomo zawo zifuna ukusekela ubuhlakani bamalungu kanye nobuholi boMkhandlu ukuze kuhlonzwe izinto ezibalulekile namaphrojekthi acabangayo, anomthelela, afika ngesikhathi futhi angalethwa ezingeni lomhlaba.

Kuwo wonke umbhalo, igama elithi isayensi lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela enhlanganweni ehlelekile yolwazi engachazwa ngokunengqondo futhi isetshenziswe ngokuthembekile. Kufaka phakathi isayensi yemvelo (okuhlanganisa ngokomzimba, izibalo kanye nempilo) kanye nezenhlalo
(kuhlanganise nokuziphatha kanye nezomnotho) izizinda zesayensi ezizomela umgomo oyinhloko woMkhandlu omusha, kanye nesayensi yobuntu, yezokwelapha, yezempilo, yamakhompiyutha kanye nobunjiniyela.

Okubalulekile ukusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zomhlaba

Izinselelo ezinkulu zesimanje ezibhekene nesintu zinomthelela womhlaba wonke odinga izimpendulo zomhlaba wonke cishe ezidinga ukubandakanyeka okuqinile emhlabeni wesayensi. Njengoba uhla lwezinselelo ezishumekwe ku-United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development lubonisa, lezi zinkinga zivame ukuhambisana kakhulu futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ososayensi balindeleke ngokwandayo ukuthi bangagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwesayensi ngobunjalo babo, kodwa futhi benze igalelo eliwujuqu ekuxazululeni lezo zinkinga. Ingcindezi yesayensi iwukukhiqiza ulwazi “olusebenzayo” olusabela ezidingweni nokulindelwe umphakathi futhi olusekela izimpendulo eziguqulayo zomphakathi ezinseleleni zamanje nekusasa elibonakalayo.

Isidingo sokuvikela ukubaluleka okungokwemvelo kophenyo lwesayensi nokuhumusha

Umhlaba omusha wedijithali uhlinzeka ngamazinga angakaze abonwe okuxhumana komhlaba anemithelela enamandla ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezakhamizi, abezindaba, abameleli abakhethiwe, amaqembu anentshisekelo nochwepheshe, futhi ngokubanzi, phakathi kwesayensi nomphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamathuluzi esofthiwe kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana kwenza kube nentando yeningi izinqubo lapho ulwazi nolwazi kukhiqizwa futhi kusetshenziswe khona. Okwesayensi, lo mhlaba wedijithali unikeza amathuba amahle okufinyelela izethameli ezintsha. Kodwa futhi iqhuba "i-post-expert" eguquguqukayo lapho abantu bebheka ukufinyelela olwazini njengokususa isidingo sokuchazwa kwesayensi. Ivumela ukusatshalaliswa kwemininingwane engamanga kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okukhulayo njenge-ejenti yomzabalazo wezepolitiki, amasu kanye nokwenziwa kwenqubomgomo. Ukuncipha kokuthembela ezikhungweni, ukusolwa kwe-elitism, kanye nezinkambiso ezibanzi ezibhekiswe kupolitiki yodumo konke kudala izinselelo ezibalulekile enanini lophenyo lwesayensi lwamabomu. Nakuba ososayensi besajabulela amazinga aphezulu okuthenjwa komphakathi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, lezi zenzakalo zishintsha ukuguquguquka kwezombusazwe ngezindlela ezenza kube nzima ukuthi izwi lesayensi lizwakale.

Lezi akuzona izitayela ezintsha, kodwa ziyadlondlobala. Ziyimiphumela ehlala njalo yezinguquko eziqhubekayo ezingokwesayensi, ezenhlalo namasiko ngokwemvelo. Bakha umongo lapho kunesidingo esihlukile sesenzo esihlangene samazwe ngamazwe ukuze:

Nika amandla isayensi ngekusasa

ngokuqinisekisa ukuhlobana kwayo okungokoqobo nezinkinga zomhlaba wonke eziyinkimbinkimbi okungekho izwe nelilodwa isiyalo elingakwazi ukuzixazulula ngokwalo. Lokhu kuzokwenza
zidinga ukubambisana okuqinisiwe kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe okuhlanganisa imibono yesayensi nobungcweti obuvela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Izodinga ukuhlanganiswa okuqinisiwe kolwazi ngokusebenzisa okuthuthukisiwe kokusebenzelana kwezigwegwe, okubandakanya ukuhlelwa ngokuhlanganyela kwezindaba kanye nokuklama ngokubambisana, ukwenziwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kocwaningo emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi. Futhi kuzodinga izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza ngendlela yokuqondisa izigwegwe yokubandakanya abenzi bezinqumo, abakhi benqubomgomo kanye nabasebenzi, kanye nabalingisi abavela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi kanye nezinkampani ezizimele, njengabahlanganyeli ekwakhiweni ngokubambisana nasekukhiqizeni ngokubambisana. ulwazi olugxile kwizixazululo.

Vikela ikusasa lesayensi

ngokumela ukubaluleka kwemvelo kanye namagugu ayo yonke isayensi - kusukela kwesisekelo kuya kwesayensi ebambe iqhaza - kuya emphakathini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxhumana ngempumelelo nolwazi lwesayensi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezindaba zamanje. Kusho ukukhuthaza ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo kophenyo olugxilile lokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe kanye
ilukuluku lesayensi elingavinjelwe. Kusho futhi ukulwela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezemfundo yesayensi, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko, ikakhulukazi Emazweni Athuthuke Kancane Kancane
(LDCs) zomhlaba.

3.1 Umbono: Isayensi njengento yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele

Ulwazi olutholakala ocwaningweni lwesayensi luyisisekelo sokuqonda komuntu nokudala. Kusemqoka ebufakazini okufanele bazise izinqumo zomphakathi kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi. Ukubaluleka kokuqonda kwesayensi ngamabomu emphakathini
akukaze kube kukhulu, njengoba isintu sibhekene nezinkinga zokuphila ngokusimeme nangokulinganayo eplanethini enguMhlaba. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi sivikele isayensi njengenzuzo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Ulwazi lwayo, imininingwane nobungcweti kufanele kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu futhi izinzuzo zayo zabiwe emhlabeni wonke. Umphakathi womhlaba wonke owesekanayo wesayensi unomthwalo wemfanelo walokhu ngokuqinisekisa ukubandakanywa nokulingana, namathuba emfundo yesayensi nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla.3. Umbono, umgomo kanye namagugu ayisisekelo

3.2 Injongo: Izwi lomhlaba jikelele lesayensi

Ukufeza lo mbono, uMkhandlu ufuna ukuhlinzeka ngezwi elinamandla nelithembekile emhlabeni jikelele elihlonishwayo emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nangaphakathi komphakathi wesayensi. Izosebenzisa lelo zwi ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe ukuze:

• Khuluma ngokubaluleka kwayo yonke isayensi kanye nesidingo sokuqonda okunobufakazi kanye nokuthatha izinqumo;
• Khuthaza futhi usekele ucwaningo lwesayensi lomhlaba wonke kanye nezifundo ezindabeni ezinkulu ezikhathaza umhlaba wonke;
• Cacisa ulwazi lwesayensi ngezindaba ezinjalo emphakathini;
• Ukukhuthaza ukuqhubeka nokulingana kwentuthuko yesayensi, ubuhlakani kanye nokufaneleka kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba; futhi
• Vikela umkhuba wamahhala nowesibopho wesayensi.

Ukuvikela izwi lomhlaba wonke

Amalungu asungula i-International Science Council angamalungu angaphambili e-International Council for Science (ICSU) kanye ne-International Social Science Council (ISSC), okuhlanganisa nezinyunyana nezinyunyana zesayensi zomhlaba wonke ezingama-40, kanye nezinhlangano ezingaphezu kwe-140 ezifana nezikole kanye nemikhandlu yocwaningo emele isayensi izwe, isifunda noma indawo.

Amalungu asungula uMkhandlu amele cishe amaphesenti angama-70 amazwe omhlaba. Amazwe amaningi okwamanje angamelwe yi-ISSC noma i-ICSU angahlukaniswa ngokuthi “athuthuke kancane”. Ukuze ube izwi lesayensi emhlabeni wonke ngempela, uMkhandlu Wesayensi Yamazwe Ngamazwe kufanele wakhe phezu kwesisekelo sawo sobulungu esiyingqayizivele futhi usungule ubukhona obuqinile nobuphumelelayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, kuhlanganise nasezifundeni zeGlobal South. Lokhu kuyinselele yenhlangano ezibophezele ukugqugquzela ukuhlanganisa kanye nokwehlukahlukana. Kuzobhekwana nazo ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Okokuqala, uMkhandlu uzofuna ngenkuthalo ukukhulisa ubulungu bawo ukuze uhlanganise nalawo mazwe angakamelwe futhi, esimweni sama-LDC, udingide udaba lokusungula izimali zobulungu ezifinyelelekayo.
• Okwesibili, uMkhandlu uzokwakha isu lokuthola ukubambisana kwesifunda okusebenzayo nokubamba iqhaza emsebenzini wenhlangano. Isu elinjalo kufanele lenziwe ngokubonisana eduze namahhovisi ayo ezifunda akhona kanye namalungu.

Nakuba ubulungu boMkhandlu buzogxila ikakhulukazi kwisayensi yemvelo (kuhlanganise nesayensi yezemvelo, yezibalo kanye nempilo) kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo (kuhlanganise nokuziphatha nezomnotho), inhlangano izozwela ezintweni ezibalulekile futhi ifake nemibono yeminye imikhakha yesayensi emsebenzini wayo. Lokhu kuzobonakala, ngokwengxenye, ngokumelwa okuphelele kwesayensi kwamalungu amaningi oMkhandlu kazwelonke.

Kodwa futhi kuzoncika ekwakheni ubudlelwano obusebenzayo nobuhambisanayo nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe futhi, ikakhulukazi, nemizimba yamazwe ngamazwe eqondene nezizinda ezithile njengalezo ezifakwe esigabeni 5.3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMkhandlu uzohlala uvulekele izicelo zobulungu ezivela ezinyunyaneni kanye nezinhlangano zemikhakha yesayensi ebalulekile engakamelwe ezinhlakeni zawo.3. Umbono, umgomo kanye namagugu ayisisekelo

3.3 Amanani abalulekile

Ekufezekiseni le ndima eyinselele futhi enesifiso sokuvelela, amagugu uMkhandlu ozowagcina emsebenzini wawo, ukuphatha kwawo kanye nokusebenzisana kwawo ahlanganisa:

Ubuhle nobungcweti: UMkhandlu uzoletha umsebenzi oseqophelweni eliphezulu nasezingeni eliphezulu. Izonemba ekuvezeni ukuqonda kwesayensi, okuhlanganisa nokungaqiniseki kwayo, futhi iqinise ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lokho okushiwoyo kubonisa okutholwe ngokwesayensi okungcono kakhulu kwesimanje.

Ukubandakanywa nokuhlukahluka: UMkhandlu uzogqugquzela ukufinyeleleka kwesayensi kanye nezinzuzo zayo kubo bonke, wenqabe ukucwaswa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zayo. Izobandakanya imibono nezindlela ezivela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, futhi ithuthukise ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane nososayensi bemisebenzi yangaphambi kwesikhathi kusayensi yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukungafihli nobuqotho: Isimo sokungaphumeleli ekuphatheni nasekuthatheni izinqumo koMkhandlu kuzoba ukuvuleleka nokungafihli lutho, ngaphandle kwalapho ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kudingwa khona kakhulu. Izenzo zabo bonke labo abamelela ubuqotho bazo kufanele zibonise izinga eliphezulu lobuqotho bomuntu siqu.

Ukuqamba nokusimama: UMkhandlu uzohlonza, uhehe futhi ufunde ethalenteni elisha nasemibonweni emisha. Izogqugquzela izindlela ezintsha, ibeke phambili izixazululo ezintsha futhi ishumeke imigomo yokusimama emigomeni yayo nasezinkambisweni zayo.

4.1 Okubalulekile

Izinkinga nezithameli eziqondiwe

UMkhandlu uzowufeza umgomo wawo ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besayensi yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze unikeze ubuholi ekusunguleni, ekugxiliseni nasekuxhumaniseni izinyathelo ezindabeni ezibalulekile emphakathini wesayensi kanye nomphakathi oyingxenye yawo.

Lokhu kuzobandakanya uMkhandlu uqondise izwi lawo ngaphandle, ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini, nangaphakathi, ukuze weseke izimpendulo zesayensi eziphumelelayo ezindabeni ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka khona ulwazi olusha, amakhono, izinsiza, noma izindlela zokusebenza. Ukuzibandakanya kwangaphandle mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala "zesayensi yenqubomgomo" ngaleyo ndlela kudala izimfuneko eziholwa yisidingo sokuxoxisana kwangaphakathi mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala "zenqubomgomo yesayensi".

Ukuhlanganyela kwangaphandle:

Izimo ezingakhuthaza ukusebenzelana kwangaphandle kanye nezibonelo zezinto ezibalulekile ezibalulekile zihlanganisa izimo lapho:

• Ukuqonda isayensi kufanelekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka zenqubomgomo ezinkulu: isb izinhlelo zamandla, ukumelana namagciwane, ubungozi ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi;
• Izinqubomgomo ezikhona zehlulekile ukunaka ulwazi lwesayensi olufanele: isb izinqubomgomo zezempilo ezisekelwe ezixazululweni ze-homeopathic, ukuqaliswa komthetho wolwandle okushaya indiva ukuqonda kwesayensi ngezilwandle;
• Imibono nezeluleko zesayensi eziqhubekayo ziyadingeka: isib. amasu amazwe ngamazwe okunciphisa izinhlekelele, ukufuduka kwabantu, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukungalingani, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuphepha kanye nentuthuko esimeme;
• Izindaba ezivela ekuqondeni okusha kwesayensi zinemithelela emikhulu kodwa engaziwa emphakathini, edinga ukuqwashisa: isb ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nekusasa lomsebenzi, uguquko olungase lube khona lomuntu ngokufakelwa noma ngokuxhaphazwa kwezakhi zofuzo;
• Inkululeko yososayensi yokuveza ukuqonda kwabo kwesayensi kanye nemiphumela yako iyanqatshelwa, lapho ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kanye nokuhlangana kososayensi kuvinjelwe, noma lapho ososayensi beshushiswa khona lapho bephishekela umsebenzi wabo.

INhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-UN) kanye nama-ejensi ayo akhethekile amele okuhloswe ukuba kuseqhulwini kulezi zinhlobo zezindaba, futhi uMkhandlu uzozama ukuba umzila omkhulu wokusebenzelana okuqinile, okuhlelekile phakathi kwe-UN nomphakathi wesayensi. Ezinye izethameli ezibalulekile okuhloswe ngazo ukusebenzelana kwangaphandle zizohlanganisa:

• izinhlangano zezifunda ezisebenzisana nohulumeni kanye nezinhlaka zabo zokweluleka ngokwesayensi ngokwehlukana kwazo, isib. Izinyunyana ZaseYurophu kanye Nezase-Afrika, Inhlangano Yezizwe EziseNingizimu-mpumalanga Ye-Asia, i-G8/G20;
• Imboni ezimele yamazwe ngamazwe, edlala indima ekhulayo (nakuba ingakahleleki) ekubuseni komhlaba wonke, ekuphatheni izinsiza zomhlaba, nasekusunguleni nasekukhangiseni ubuchwepheshe obusha obunamandla; futhi
• Umphakathi; okuhlosiwe okunzima kodwa ngokungangabazeki okubaluleke kakhulu njengoba, emhlabeni wanamuhla, ukuthuthukiswa kwenkambiso yesayensi, ukuqonda uhlobo lobufakazi besayensi, kanye nokufinyelela olwazini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo okungase kube khona, konke kuyizithako ezibalulekile zepolitiki enamandla futhi eqaphelayo. inani labantu.

Ukusebenzelana kwangaphakathi:

Izimo ezingakhuthaza ukusebenzelana kwangaphakathi kanye nezibonelo zezinto ezibalulekile ezibalulekile zifaka isidingo sokuthi:

• Ukuhlanganisa ukwesekwa kocwaningo olusha, noma ukuthuthukiswa kokuqonda kwesayensi okukhona kwezinselele zangaleso sikhathi: isb, imbangela ohlelweni lwesimo sezulu, ukubonakaliswa kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izingxabano, umhlaba we-cyber;
• Ukubhekana nokungalingani kwesayensi, izidingo ezibalulekile zamandla, kanye nemibandela yokubambisana okuphumelelayo kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe: isb amakhono esayensi yedatha yesimanje, ukusekelwa okuqinisiwe kwesayensi yezenhlalakahle emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi kanye nephakathi, ukukhuthazwa kwamathuba ososayensi bemisebenzi yokuqala, ukulingana ngokobulili isayensi, indima yolwazi lwendabuko;
• Ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezibuyekeziwe nezisebenza ngempumelelo: isb ezinhlelweni zochwepheshe zabangebona ochwepheshe, imfundo yesayensi nemisebenzi yesayensi, ukubuyekezwa kontanga, ukuhlolwa kokugqwesa kanye nomthelela womphakathi wesayensi, izimiso zokuziphatha zesayensi kanye nobuqotho;
• Thuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza, ukuzivumelanisa nokushintshashintsha kwezenhlalo kwesayensi, noma ukuxhaphaza ubuchwepheshe obushintshayo: isb umkhuba nokuhlolwa kokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, ucwaningo lokuhumusha, ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha okuphambene nezigwegwe, ukuphindaphinda, ukushicilelwa kwesayensi.

Umphakathi wesayensi yamazwe omhlaba ngokwawo uwumgomo obalulekile wokusebenza ngalezi zinhlobo zezinto eziza kuqala. Lokhu kubandakanya izinhlangano ezakha uMkhandlu uqobo, kanye nezigungu zesayensi zamazwe ngamazwe ezisohlwini lwesigaba 5.3. Ezinye izethameli ezibalulekile okuqondiswe kuzo
zihlanganisa:

• Amanethiwekhi omhlaba kanye nezinhlangano zabenzi bezinqubomgomo zesayensi kanye nabaxhasi bezimali bocwaningo, isb iGlobal Research Council (GRC) kanye neBelmont Forum; futhi
• Izinhlangano zeNhlangano Yezizwe (UN) ezifana ne-UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) kanye nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni ezihlanganisa ongqongqoshe besayensi futhi zinegunya elithile lokugqugquzela ukusebenzisana kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe, isb. Inhlangano Yezokubambisana Kwezomnotho kanye Development (OECD), Ikhomishini YaseYurophu kanye ne-Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI).

Ukuthuthukisa i-ajenda

I-ajenda yesenzo esingaba khona izodinga ukufinyelela emazingeni aphezulu okuqonda kwesayensi kanye nokucabanga kwamasu okubona kude emikhakheni ebanzi yesayensi. Ngokusekelwe ezinqubweni zokubonisana ezivulelekile nezinezingxoxo okuhloswe ngazo ukuzuza ngokugcwele ezinsizeni zamalungu oMkhandlu kanye noxhaxha olunzulu lobungcweti, Ibhodi Elilawulayo loMkhandlu lizothuthukisa i-ajenda yeminyaka emithathu yezinto ezibalulekile, okuzoxoxwa ngayo futhi kugunyazwe kuMhlangano Jikelele ngamunye.

Ezweni elishintsha ngokushesha lapho ukuthembela olwazini lwesayensi nokuqonda kungeke kuthathwe kalula, kuzobaluleka ukuthi uMkhandlu ukwazi ukungenelela ngesikhathi ezindabeni zomphakathi ezinkulu, ezithinta isayensi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele iqinisekise ukugcinwa kokuguquguquka okwanele kokusebenza ukuze senze ngale ndlela engosomathuba.

Imibandela yokuzikhethela

Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuthi kusetshenziswe imibandela ecacile ekukhetheni okubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe isenzo esifana nalesi:

• Ukukhethwa kodaba kusenesikhathi futhi kuhambisana nomsebenzi woMkhandlu;
• Inikeza indima ecacile, futhi eyingqayizivele, yoMkhandlu;
• Kukhona izethameli eziqondisiwe ezicacile kanye nendlela yokuba nomthelela, kanye nethuba elinamandla lokuba nomthelela omuhle;
• Udaba lukhuluma ngezintshisekelo zemikhakha eminingi; futhi
• Kubhekwa izimo, amasiko kanye nezinhlaka ezifanele zezepolitiki.

4.2 Imisebenzi

Izindawo zomsebenzi

Ngokuhambisana nezinjongo zawo ezibalulekile (njengoba zethulwe esigabeni 3.2), imisebenzi yoMkhandlu izogxila emigomeni emithathu yomsebenzi. Ngayinye incike ekusebenzisaneni nasekuxhumaneni kwesayensi kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi ngayinye kufanele isebenze ukukhombisa ukubaluleka kwesayensi emphakathini. Kunjalo:

• Isayensi yenqubomgomo (ekhuthazayo futhi esekela ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezifundo zokufunda, kanye nokuxhumana ngesayensi ehambisana nezindaba zenqubomgomo yamazwe ngamazwe);
• Inqubomgomo-yesayensi (ukuthuthukisa intuthuko eyenza isayensi ifake isandla ngempumelelo ezindabeni ezinkulu endaweni yomphakathi yamazwe ngamazwe); futhi
• Inkululeko yesayensi nokuzibophezela (ukuvikela umkhuba wamahhala nowomthwalo wemfanelo wesayensi).

Indlela

Impendulo yoMkhandlu ezintweni ezibalulekile ezikhethiwe kule mikhakha emithathu yomsebenzi izobandakanya izinhlelo ezibandakanya ubulungu - amaphrojekthi nemikhankaso - enqunyelwe isikhathi futhi edonsa ebhokisini lamathuluzi, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukusungula nokweseka izinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe, amanethiwekhi kanye/noma ezinye izinhlaka ezifanele zokuxhumanisa;
• Ukushicilela imibiko yokweluleka, ukulandisa kwenqubomgomo kanye nezitatimende;
• Ukuhlela (noma ukuhlela ngokubambisana) imicimbi, okuhlanganisa imihlangano, ama-workshops, amasemina kanye/noma izingqungquthela;
• Ukuthuthukisa nokuletha noma ukugunyaza ukuqeqeshwa kanye/noma izinhlelo zokuhlangana; futhi
• Ukudizayina izenzo zokuxhumana nezokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa imicimbi yemidiya.

Izindlela zokulethwa

Ngokuya ngokutholakala kwezinsiza, indima yendlunkulu yoMkhandlu ekuletheni amaphrojekthi nemikhankaso egxilile ingahluka phakathi:

• Ukuhola ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni;
• Ukuhola ekwakhiweni nasekubandakanyeni abanye, okubandakanya amaqembu amalungu oMkhandlu, izinhlelo namanethiwekhi noma ozakwethu abazohola ekusetshenzisweni; futhi
• Ukunikeza ukuba semthethweni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye namandla kumalungu oMkhandlu nabanye, ngokufanelekile, ukuhola ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni.

4.3 Ukuhlela, ukuqapha kanye nokubika

Emhlanganweni-Jikelele ngamunye, amalungu azoxoxa futhi agunyaze I-Ajenda Yezinto Eziseqhulwini (bheka isigaba 4.1.2) kanye neMisebenzi Ehlobene Nezinhlelo Zebhizinisi, iBhodi Eliphethe elizogunyazwa ukuba liyisebenzise phakathi nenkathi yezingxoxo.
Imisebenzi kanye Nezinhlelo Zebhizinisi zizohlinzeka ngohlelo lokuqapha imisebenzi evamile kanye nokubika kumalungu, abaxhasi bezimali kanye nababambiqhaza. Kufanele asekelwe ezimisweni zokuphatha okusekelwe emiphumeleni, ecacisa iphrojekthi ngayinye noma umkhankaso:

• Imiphumela elindelwe kanye nezethameli okuhlosiwe;
• Izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezizosetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle;
• Imiphumela edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ngamunye;
• Imithombo yoxhaso kanye nezinsiza ezibalulekile ezidingekayo, okuhlanganisa ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi kanye namakhono engeziwe nobungcweti; futhi
• Ukukhonjwa kozakwethu abafanelekile namathuba okuzibandakanya kobulungu.

5.1 Ubuholi: Ukuba semthethweni, ukwethembeka kanye namandla okuhlanganisa

Ukuphumelela koMkhandlu omusha kuzoncika kakhulu ezimfanelweni zobuholi bawo. Lokhu kumele kubandakanye uhla olufanele lososayensi abanombono kanye nempumelelo eyisimangaliso, isipiliyoni esiqashelwayo kanye nokwehluka njengezikhulu, amalungu ebhodi, abeluleki, kanye nababambe iqhaza emsebenzini woMkhandlu.

Ukuhlanganiswa kobuholi obunjalo namandla, ngesisekelo sobulungu babo, ukufinyelela ekujuleni komphakathi wesayensi ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuvivinywe kakhulu kwesayensi kuzobaluleka uma uMkhandlu uzoba:

• Ukuba semthethweni emphakathini wesayensi othi uwumele;
• Ukwethembeka ezikhungweni nakubantu ngabanye elifuna ukuba nomthelela; futhi
• Ukuhlanganisa amandla okubandakanya amalungu emiphakathi yesayensi nenqubomgomo, imboni ezimele kanye nomphakathi emsebenzini wayo.

Ubuholi boMkhandlu kufanele buhloniphe izindinganiso eziyinhloko zenhlangano (bheka isigaba 3.3) futhi busebenzele ukuthuthukisa ukuhloniphana phakathi kwesizinda sesayensi esimelelwe izinhlangano ezihlanganisayo.

5.2 I-ajenda egxilile nekholisayo

Ukuze uMkhandlu ube nomthelela nomthelela, kufanele ugxile emizamweni yawo ezindabeni ezikhethwe ngokucophelela ezidingida izindaba ezibalulekile zesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe nomphakathi zamanje. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngezindlela ezethulwe esigabeni sesi-4 nangesisekelo senqubo ebekwe ku-4.1.3.

Ukuze uphendule futhi uguquguquke ekubhekaneni nezidingongqangi ezifanele njengoba zivela, uMkhandlu kufanele ukwazi ukuthembela ekuthatheni izinqumo okushesha nokunamandla. Amandla okucabanga okusha kanye nesibindi esihlakaniphile lapho ubhekene nokusabela okungekuhle kwalabo abanemibono engqubuzanayo kufanele kuncike ekwahluleleni okuhle kobuholi boMkhandlu, kanye nolwazi lwabasebenzi bawo.

5.3 Ubambiswano olusebenzayo

UMkhandlu uhloselwe ukusebenza njengendawo eyinhloko kunethiwekhi exhunywe emhlabeni wonke yozakwethu abanethonya nabathenjwayo, abangasiza ekuletheni umthelela. Ngakho-ke amandla obudlelwano bangaphandle boMkhandlu azoba semqoka empumelelweni yawo. Ubambiswano olukhona kuzodingeka luqiniswe, kukhonjwe ozakwethu abasha, futhi kucaciswe imigomo efanele yokubambisana, isibonelo nabangase babe ozakwethu abavela embonini ezimele.
Ubambiswano olusebenzayo noluhambisanayo kufanele luthuthukiswe nezinhlaka eziningi, okuhlanganisa nalezi:

• ama-ejensi nezinhlelo ze-UN, njenge-UNESCO, i-UN Environment Programme (UNEP), i-World Health Organization (WHO), kanye ne-World Meteorological Organization (WMO);
• Ezinye izinhlaka zamazwe ngamazwe eziqondene nesizinda esithile, njenge-World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO), International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS), I-InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP) kanye noMkhandlu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wefilosofi Nesayensi Yesintu ( CIPSH);
• Izinhlangano zesayensi zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-InterAcademy Partnership (IAP), The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), nezinhlangano ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa isayensi emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi, njenge-START;
• Amanethiwekhi omhlaba wonke ososayensi bemisebenzi yokuqala, njenge-Global Young Academy (GYA) kanye ne-World Association of Young Scientists (INDLELA);
• I-International Consortia of Funders, njenge-Belmont Forum kanye ne-Global Research Council (GRC); futhi
• Izindikimba ezimele osomabhizinisi bamazwe ngamazwe njenge-World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zokubambisana komphakathi nezizimele ezifana ne-World Economic Forum (WEF).

Zonke izivumelwano zokusebenzisana kufanele zilethe ukubaluleka kombono nomsebenzi woMkhandlu, futhi zihloniphe amagugu asemqoka oMkhandlu, njengoba kubekwe esigabeni 3.3. Ukubambisana nezinhlangano ezigxile enzuzweni kuphela kufanele kugwenywe.

5.4 Ubulungu obuthenjisiwe

Ubulungu obuhlukile boMkhandlu, obuhlanganisa ndawonye izinyunyana nezinhlangano zesayensi, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye nemikhandlu yocwaningo, bunikeza isisekelo esibalulekile somsebenzi wenhlangano. UMkhandlu uzohlonipha igunya nezibopho zamalungu awo, futhi uzosebenzela ukwakha amathuba omhlaba wonke ukuze aqhubekisele phambili izinto zawo ezibalulekile kanye nezintshisekelo zawo.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi amathuba okuthi amalungu abambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni ezibalulekile zamazwe ngamazwe zesayensi nemisebenzi, kanye nokuxhuma kumanethiwekhi anamandla amazwe ngamazwe, okubenza bakwazi:

• Dala ama-ajenda esayensi yomhlaba wonke futhi ufake isandla ngqo ezindabeni zesayensi ezikhathaza umphakathi womhlaba;
• Bonisa ukubaluleka kweminikelo yabo yesayensi ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe;
• Ukuqinisa ukuqwashisa kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe kanye nokweseka imiphakathi yesayensi yokuqondisa izigwegwe noma kazwelonke abayimele; futhi
• Bathuthukise ithonya labo phakathi kwemiphakathi yesayensi nenqubomgomo, okuhlanganisa nohulumeni kazwelonke nabaxhasi bezimali zocwaningo.

Izinzuzo ezengeziwe zobulungu boMkhandlu zihlanganisa:

• Amathuba okubambisana ezindabeni ezinentshisekelo efanayo, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana kweNingizimu neNyakatho neNingizimu;
• Ukufinyelela olwazini ngentuthuko yesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa namathuba okuthola imali;
• Ukwesekwa kokushintshisana kwemikhuba ehamba phambili, isb ekuqondiseni izigwegwe, izinqubomgomo zobulili, njll.

Ukuhlomula ngokuhlanganyela koMkhandlu kanye namalungu awo kuzodinga ukuthi uMkhandlu ubandakanye amalungu ngokugcwele ekuhlonzeni izinto ezibalulekile zawo kanye nokwethula amaphrojekthi nemikhankaso ehlobene. Amalungu azocelwa ukuthi abambe iqhaza ngokugcwele kulezi zinhlelo futhi asebenzise amathuba azonikezwa uMkhandlu.

5.5 Ukubonakala

Ukuqashelwa koMkhandlu njengezwi lesayensi yomhlaba wonke elinethonya nelinomthelela kuzodinga ukuthi waziwe phakathi komphakathi wesayensi wamazwe ngamazwe kanye naphakathi kwababambe iqhaza ngendlela okungakaze kwenzeke ngayo kulezi zinhlangano ezihlanganisayo. UMkhandlu uzodinga ukwakha isu elithuthuke kakhulu lezokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana, okufanele lihambisane nezwe lanamuhla, lisekele ukuxhumana okucacile nokuzwelayo nezinhlobonhlobo zezethameli zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, futhi wenze ilungiselelo lokuthola izeluleko ezingongoti kwezomthetho nabezindaba. Ukwengeza, isu lomkhiqizo elichazwe kahle futhi elisetshenziswayo kufanele lisebenze ekuqiniseni ukuzibophezela kwamalungu oMkhandlu, abaholi nabasebenzi ekufezekiseni umbono kanye nenhloso yawo.

5.6 Amakhono namakhono

UMkhandlu kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi unekhono namandla adingekayo ukuze wenze zonke izici zesu elihlongozwayo. Izimfanelo ezidingekayo zobuholi zigcizelelwe esigabeni 5.1. Ngaphakathi kweNdlunkulu yoMkhandlu, kuzoba ikakhulukazi
kubalulekile ukufaka noma ukufinyelela okulungile ku-:

• Ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha isayensi, kanye nenqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke;
• Ukuxhumana okuqinile, ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi kanye namakhono enhlangano;
• Amakhono obuntatheli kanye nekhono lemidiya nezokuxhumana elithuthukisiwe kakhulu; futhi
• Amakhono okuthola imali.