Kuphakanyiswe idlanzana lezifundiswa nochwepheshe benqubomgomo ukuthi uMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe - ngobulungu bawo obuhlukahlukene obuvela kusayensi yezenhlalo nemvelo - usungule inqubo yokukhiqiza nokugcina uhlaka/uhlu lokuhlola olunezichasiselo lwezingozi, izinzuzo, izinsongo namathuba. okuhlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe bedijithali obuhamba ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa - kodwa akukhawulelwe ku - AI. Inhloso yohlu lokuhlola kuzoba ukwazisa bonke ababambiqhaza - okuhlanganisa ohulumeni, izingxoxo zezohwebo, abalawuli, izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezimboni - ngezimo ezingase zibe khona zesikhathi esizayo, futhi luzohlela ukuthi bangacabangela kanjani amathuba, izinzuzo, ubungozi nezinye izinkinga.
I-ISC iyakuthokozela ukwethula leli phepha lezingxoxo mayelana nokuhlola ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kwezobuchwepheshe bedijithali nobuhlobene. I-Artificial Intelligence, i-synthetic biology kanye nobuchwepheshe be-quantum yizibonelo eziyinhloko zokusungula izinto ezintsha, ezisekelwe isayensi, ezivela ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe. Kungaba inselele ukulindela ngokuhlelekile hhayi kuphela izicelo zabo, kodwa nemithelela yazo.
Ukuhlola izici zomphakathi ze-AI ekhiqizayo njengamamodeli wolimi amakhulu, amelela ngokubikezela ingxenye enkulu yaleli phepha lengxoxo, kuyibhuloho elidingekayo phakathi kwenkulumo yamanje - ngezinye izikhathi eqhutshwa ukwethuka, ngezinye izikhathi engajulile ngokwanele emcabangweni - kanye nezifundo ezidingekayo isinyathelo esingasithatha. I-ISC iqinisekile ukuthi uhlaka lokuhlaziya phakathi kokwamukelwa komphakathi kobuchwepheshe obusha obunjalo kanye nokulawulwa kwabo okungaba khona kuyadingeka ukuze kuqhutshekwe nezingxoxo zezinhlaka eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo ezinolwazi nezinomthwalo wemfanelo mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukisa izinzuzo zomphakathi zalobu buchwepheshe obuvela ngokushesha.
I-ISC ivulekele ukusabela komphakathi wethu ngaleli phepha lezingxoxo ukuze ihlole ukuthi singaqhubeka kanjani nokuba yingxenye nokuba negalelo engxoxweni emayelana nobuchwepheshe.
Salvatore Aricò, CEO
Iphepha lengxoxo le-ISC
Uhlaka lokuhlola ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obuthuthuka ngokushesha nobuhlobene: I-AI, amamodeli ezilimi ezinkulu nangale kwalokho.
Leli phepha lezingxoxo lihlinzeka ngohlaka lohlaka lokuqala lokwazisa izingxoxo eziningi zomhlaba nezikazwelonke ezenzekayo ezihlobene ne-AI.
Landa lo mbikoNew! Funda inguqulo ka-2024 yabenzi benqubomgomo enohlaka olulandekayo lwenhlangano yakho.
Umhlahlandlela wabakhi benqubomgomo: Ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuka ngokushesha obuhlanganisa i-AI, amamodeli ezilimi ezinkulu nangale kwalokho.
Leli phepha lezingxoxo lihlinzeka ngohlaka lohlaka lokuqala lokwazisa izingxoxo eziningi zomhlaba nezikazwelonke ezenzekayo ezihlobene ne-AI.
Okuqukethwe
Isingeniso
Ubuchwepheshe obuvela ngokushesha buveza izinkinga eziyinselele uma kuziwa ekubuseni kwabo nasekulawuleni okungase kube khona. Inqubomgomo kanye nezinkulumo mpikiswano zomphakathi mayelana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwenze lezi zindaba zagxila kakhulu. Nakuba imigomo ebanzi ye-AI imenyezelwe yi-UNESCO, i-OECD nabanye, futhi kunezingxoxo ezisafufusa mayelana nokulawulwa kobuchwepheshe bomhlaba wonke noma kwezomthetho, kunegebe le-ontological phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezimiso ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwazo ekulawuleni, kunqubomgomo, izindlela zokuphatha nokuphatha. Yilapho umphakathi wesayensi ongekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ungaba nendima ethile.
Kuphakanyiswe idlanzana lezifundiswa nongoti benqubomgomo ukuthi i-International Science Council (ISC) - enobulungu bayo obuxubile obuvela kusayensi yezenhlalo nemvelo - isungule inqubo yokukhiqiza nokugcina uhlaka/uhlu lokuhlola olunezichasiselo lwezingozi, izinzuzo, izinsongo namathuba ahlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe bedijithali obuhamba ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa - kodwa kungagcini nje ku - AI. Inhloso yohlu lokuhlola kuzoba ukwazisa bonke ababambiqhaza - okuhlanganisa ohulumeni, izingxoxo zezohwebo, abalawuli, izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezimboni - ngezimo ezingase zibe khona zesikhathi esizayo, futhi luzohlela ukuthi bangacabangela kanjani amathuba, izinzuzo, ubungozi nezinye izinkinga.
Imiphumela ngeke isebenze njengenhlangano yokuhlola, kodwa njengohlaka lokuhlaziya oluguquguqukayo olungasekela noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuhlola neziqondiso ezingase zithuthukiswe ababambiqhaza, okuhlanganisa ohulumeni kanye nohlelo lwezizwe ngezizwe. Noma yiluphi uhlaka lokuhlaziya kufanele luthuthukiswe ngokufanelekile ngaphandle kwezimangalo zikahulumeni nezimboni, uma kubhekwa izintshisekelo zazo eziqondakalayo. Kufanele futhi ibe neningi kakhulu emibonweni yayo, ngaleyo ndlela ihlanganise zonke izici zobuchwepheshe kanye nemithelela yabo.
Leli phepha lezingxoxo lihlinzeka ngohlaka lohlaka lokuqala lokwazisa izingxoxo eziningi zomhlaba nezikazwelonke ezenzekayo ezihlobene ne-AI.
Isendlalelo: Kungani kunohlaka lokuhlaziya?
Ukuvela okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi nemithelela ye-AI kuqhuba izimangalo eziningi zezinzuzo ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, iphinde ibangele ukwesaba kwezingozi ezibalulekile, kusukela kumuntu ngamunye kuye ezingeni le-geo-strategic. Ingxoxo eningi ivamise ukwenzeka ekugcineni kwenqwaba yemibono, futhi kudingeka indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-AI buzoqhubeka nokuvela futhi umlando ukhombisa ukuthi cishe bonke ubuchwepheshe bunokusebenzisa okunenzuzo nokulimazayo. Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi: singayithola kanjani imiphumela enenzuzo kulobu buchwepheshe, kuyilapho sinciphisa ingozi yemiphumela eyingozi, eminye yayo engaba khona ngobuningi?
Ikusasa lihlale lingaqinisekile, kodwa kunamazwi anele okukholekayo nawochwepheshe mayelana ne-AI kanye ne-generative AI ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yezinhlelo iyadingeka, ngoba i-AI iyikilasi lobuchwepheshe elisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi lisetshenziswa yizinhlobo eziningi zabasebenzisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umongo ogcwele kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho kubhekwa imithelela ye-AI kubantu ngabanye, impilo yomphakathi, impilo yomphakathi, impilo yomphakathi kanye nesimo somhlaba wonke.
Ngokungafani nobuchwepheshe obuningi bangaphambilini, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali nobuhlobene bunesikhathi esifushane kakhulu kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kuya ekukhululweni, okuqhutshwa kakhulu izintshisekelo zezinkampani noma ama-ejensi akhiqizayo. I-AI igcwele ngokushesha; ezinye izakhiwo zingabonakala kuphela ngemva kokukhululwa, futhi ubuchwepheshe bungaba nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinonya nezinomusa. Ubukhulu bamanani abalulekile buzoba nomthelela ekutheni noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kubonwa kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezintshisekelo ze-geo-strategic ezidlalwayo.
Kuze kube manje, ukulawulwa kobuchwepheshe obubonakalayo kuye kwabonakala kakhulu ngelensi "yezimiso" kanye nokuthobela ngokuzithandela. Muva nje, nokho, ingxoxo isiphendukele ezindabeni zokuphatha kuzwelonke kanye namazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okulawula kanye namanye amathuluzi enqubomgomo. Izimangalo ezenzelwe noma ezimelene ne-AI zivame ukuba yi-hyperbolic futhi - uma kubhekwa uhlobo lobuchwepheshe - kunzima ukuzihlola. Ukusungula uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula ubuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke noma lukazwelonke kuzoba yinselele, futhi izingqimba eziningi zokuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi ngengozi zizodingeka kulolu chungechunge, kusukela kumsunguli kuya kumkhiqizi, kubasebenzisi, kuhulumeni kanye nohlelo lwezizwe ngezizwe.
Nakuba imigomo esezingeni eliphezulu iye yamenyezelwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD kanye neKhomishana YaseYurophu, phakathi kokunye, futhi izingxoxo ezihlukahlukene ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziyaqhubeka mayelana nezindaba zokulawulwa okungaba khona, kunegebe elikhulu le-ontological phakathi kwaleyo migomo kanye nohlaka lokubusa noma lokulawula. Iyiphi i-taxonomy yokucatshangelwa umlawuli angase adinge ukuyicabangela? Uhlaka olugxile kancane ngeke luhlakaniphe, uma kubhekwa imithelela ebanzi yalobu buchwepheshe. Lokhu okungenzeka kube yisihloko sokuhlaziywa okuningi, kokubili okuhle nokubi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka lokuhlaziya
I-ISC yi-NGO eyinhloko yomhlaba wonke ehlanganisa isayensi yemvelo nenhlalo. Ukufinyelela kwayo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe kusho ukuthi ibekwe endaweni efanele ukuze ikhiqize izeluleko ezizimele nezifanelekile emhlabeni wonke ukuze yazise izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezizayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba amazwi akhona kule nkundla ikakhulukazi avela embonini noma emandleni amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe. Ngemva kwengxoxo ebanzi phakathi nezinyanga ezisanda kwedlula, okuhlanganisa ukucutshungulwa kwenqubo yokuhlola okungezona ezikahulumeni, i-ISC yaphetha ngokuthi umnikelo wayo owusizo kakhulu kuyoba ukukhiqiza nokugcina uhlaka lokuhlaziya oluguquguqukayo olungasetshenziswa njengesisekelo senkulumo nokuthatha izinqumo bonke ababambiqhaza, kuhlanganisa nanoma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlola ehlelekile evelayo.
Lolu hlaka luzothatha uhlobo lohlu lokuhlola olubanzi olungasetshenziswa yizikhungo zikahulumeni nezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni. Uhlaka luhlonza luphinde luhlole amandla obuchwepheshe obufana ne-AI kanye nokuphuma kwayo ngokusebenzisa ilensi ebanzi ehlanganisa ukuphila kahle kwabantu nomphakathi, kanye nezici zangaphandle, njengezomnotho, ezombusazwe, ezemvelo nokuvikeleka. Ezinye izici zohlu lokuhlola zingase zifaneleke kakhulu kunezinye, kuye ngomongo, kodwa izinqumo ezingcono zingenzeka uma zonke izizinda zicatshangelwa. Leli inani elingokwemvelo lendlela yohlu lokuhlola.
Uhlaka oluhlongozwayo lususelwe emsebenzini nasekucabangeni kwangaphambilini, okuhlanganisa ne-International Network for Governmental Science Advice's (INGSA) umbiko wedijithali wezempilo.1 kanye ne-OECD AI Classification Framework2 ukwethula ingqikithi yamathuba angenzeka, ubungozi kanye nemithelela ye-AI. Le mikhiqizo yangaphambilini ibikhawulelwe kakhulu enhlosweni yayo uma kubhekwa isikhathi sayo nomongo, kunesidingo sohlaka olubanzi oluthula uhla olugcwele lwezinkinga kokubili esikhathini esifushane neside.
Ngenkathi yenzelwe ukucatshangelwa kwe-AI, lolu hlaka lokuhlaziya lungasetshenziswa kunoma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuvela ngokushesha. Lezi zindaba zihlelwe kabanzi zibe yizigaba ezilandelayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlolwa:
Uhlu lokucatshangelwa kwesigaba ngasinye kwezingenhla lufakiwe kanye namathuba azo kanye nemiphumela. Ezinye zifanelekile ezimweni ezithile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI kuyilapho ezinye ziyi-generic kanye ne-agnostic yesikhulumi noma ukusetshenziswa. Akukho ukucatshangelwa okukodwa okufakwe lapha okufanele kuthathwe njengokubalulekile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, konke kufanele kuhlolwe.
Lolu hlaka lwalungasetshenziswa kanjani?
Lolu hlaka lungasetshenziswa, kodwa lungagcini nje, ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
Ithebula elilandelayo liwukwakheka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kobukhulu bohlaka lokuhlaziya. Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ezinye izingxenye zizoba usizo kakhulu kunezinye. Izibonelo zinikeziwe ukukhombisa ukuthi kungani isizinda ngasinye sibalulekile; ngokomongo, uhlaka luzodinga ukunwetshwa okuhambisana nesimo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla kanye nezindaba ezijwayelekile ezingase zivele phakathi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
Ubukhulu okufanele bucatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa ubuchwepheshe obusha
| Okusalungiswa kokuqala kobukhulu okungase kudingeke ukuthi kucatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa ubuchwepheshe obusha | ||
| Ubukhulu bomthelela | Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Umuntu / yena | Ikhono labasebenzisi be-AI | Banekhono futhi bazazi kangakanani izakhiwo zesistimu okungenzeka ukuthi abasebenzisi bazosebenzisana nesistimu? Bazonikezwa kanjani ulwazi olufanele lomsebenzisi nezixwayiso? |
| Abathintekayo abathintekayo | Obani ababambiqhaza abakhulu abazothintwa uhlelo (okungukuthi, abantu ngabanye, imiphakathi, abasengozini, abasebenzi bemboni, izingane, abakhi bezinqubomgomo, ochwepheshe)? | |
| Ukuzikhethela | Ingabe abasebenzisi banikezwe inketho yokuphuma ohlelweni; kufanele banikezwe amathuba okuphonsela inselelo noma ukulungisa umphumela? | |
| Ubungozi bamalungelo abantu kanye nezimiso zentando yeningi | Ingabe uhlelo lungaba nomthelela (futhi ngakuphi) emalungelweni abantu, okuhlanganisa, kodwa kungagcini nje, ubumfihlo, inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukulunga, ingozi yokubandlululwa, njll.? | |
| Imiphumela engaba khona enhlalakahleni yabantu | Ingabe uhlelo lungaba nomthelela (futhi ngakuphi) inhlalakahle yomsebenzisi ngamunye (okungukuthi, ikhwalithi yomsebenzi, imfundo, ukusebenzelana komphakathi, impilo yengqondo, ubunikazi, indawo ezungezile)? | |
| Amathuba okususwa kwemisebenzi yabantu | Ingabe akhona amandla okuthi uhlelo luzenzele ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi noma imisebenzi ebisenziwa abantu? Uma kunjalo, ithini imiphumela engezansi? | |
| Amathuba obunikazi, amanani noma ukukhohlisa kolwazi | Ingabe isistimu yakhelwe ukuthi noma ikwazi ukukhohlisa ubunikazi bomsebenzisi noma amanani asethiwe, noma asakaze ulwazi olungaqondile? Ingabe akhona amathuba okuba nezimangalo ezingamanga noma ezingenakuqinisekiswa zobuchwepheshe? | |
| Izinyathelo zokuzibona ubalulekile | Ingabe ikhona ingcindezi yokuveza umuntu ozicabangela yena yedwa? Ingabe i-automation ingakwazi esikhundleni somqondo wokugcwaliseka komuntu siqu? Ingabe ikhona ingcindezi yokuncintisana nohlelo emsebenzini? Ingabe idumela lomuntu lenziwa nzima ukuze livikeleke olwazini olungahlosiwe? | |
| Inqubomgomo | Ingabe kukhona izibopho ezihlukene zokuvikela ubumfihlo futhi ingabe kukhona ukucabangela okwenziwayo mayelana nendlela idatha yomuntu siqu esetshenziswa ngayo? | |
| Ukuzimela | Ingabe uhlelo lungathinta ukuzimela komuntu ngokudala ukuthembela ngokweqile kubuchwepheshe ngabasebenzisi bokugcina? | |
| Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu | Ingabe akhona umthelela ekutholeni amakhono abalulekile okuthuthukiswa komuntu njengemisebenzi yokuphatha, amakhono okusebenzelana nabanye, izinguquko esikhathini sokunaka esithinta ukufunda, ukuthuthukiswa kobuntu, ukukhathazeka ngempilo yengqondo, njll.? | |
| Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo komuntu siqu | Ingabe zikhona izimangalo zezixazululo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo komuntu siqu? Uma kunjalo, ingabe zigunyazwe ngokwezindinganiso zokulawula? | |
| Impilo yengqondo | Ingabe ikhona ingozi yokwanda kokukhathazeka, isizungu noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, noma ingabe ubuchwepheshe bungayinciphisa imithelela enjalo? | |
| Ukuvela komuntu | Ingabe ubuchwepheshe bungabangela izinguquko ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo komuntu? | |
| Ubukhulu bomthelela | Imigomo | Incazelo |
| Umphakathi/impilo yomphakathi | Amagugu omphakathi | Ingabe uhlelo luyayishintsha ngokuyisisekelo imvelo yomphakathi noma luvumela ukujwayezwa kwemibono ngaphambilini eyayibhekwa njengephikisana nenhlalo, noma ingabe yephula izindinganiso zomphakathi zesiko esetshenziswa kulo? |
| Ukuxhumana komphakathi | Ingabe ukhona umthelela ekuthintaneni kwabantu okunenjongo, okuhlanganisa nobudlelwano obungokomzwelo? | |
| Ukulingana | Ingabe ukusetshenziswa/ubuchwepheshe kungenzeka bunciphise noma buthuthukise ukungalingani (okungukuthi, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo, ezemfundo, ngokwendawo)? | |
| Impilo yeningi | Ingabe akhona amandla okuthi uhlelo luthuthuke noma lubukele phansi izinhloso zempilo yabantu? | |
| Isisho samasiko | Ingabe ukwanda kokwabiwa kwamasiko noma ukubandlululwa kungenzeka noma kube nzima ukubhekana nakho? Ingabe ukuncika ohlelweni lokuthatha izinqumo kungase kukhiphe noma kubeke eceleni izigaba zomphakathi? | |
| Imfundo yomphakathi | Ingabe ukhona umthelela endimeni yothisha noma ezikhungweni zemfundo? Ingabe uhlelo lugcizelela noma lunciphisa ukungalingani phakathi kwabafundi kanye nokuhlukana kwedijithali? Ingabe ukubaluleka kwangaphakathi kolwazi noma ukuqonda okujulile kuthuthukile noma kubukela phansi? | |
| Amaqiniso ahlanekezelwe | Ingabe izindlela esizisebenzisayo ukubona okuyiqiniso zisasebenza? Ingabe umbono weqiniso usengozini? | |
| Umongo wezomnotho (uhwebo) | Umkhakha wezimboni | Uhlelo olusetshenziswa kuyiphi imboni yezimboni (okungukuthi, ezezimali, ezolimo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ezokuvikela)? |
| Imodeli yebhizinisi | Uhlelo lusetshenziswa kumuphi umsebenzi webhizinisi, futhi ngasiphi isikhundla? Isetshenziswa kuphi isistimu (eyimfihlo, yomphakathi, engenzi nzuzo)? | |
| Umthelela emisebenzini ebalulekile | Ingabe ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wesistimu noma umsebenzi kungathinta izinsizakalo ezibalulekile noma ingqalasizinda ebalulekile? | |
| Ukuphefumula kokuthunyelwa | Isetshenziswa kanjani isistimu (isikhashana nje ngaphakathi kwenhlangano uma iqhathaniswa nokusabalalisa kabanzi kuzwelonke/kumazwe ngamazwe)? | |
| I-Technical maturity (TRL) | Luvuthwe kangakanani uhlelo? | |
| Ubukhosi bezobuchwepheshe | Ingabe ubuchwepheshe buhambisa ukugxila okukhulu kobukhosi bezobuchwepheshe. | |
| Ukwabiwa kabusha kweholo kanye nezinga lezimali likazwelonke | Ingabe indima ebalulekile yombuso ozimele ingaba sengozini (okungukuthi, Amabhange Angoovimba)? Ingabe ikhono lombuso lokuhlangabezana nokulindelwe yizakhamuzi kanye nemithelela (okungukuthi, ezenhlalo, ezomnotho, ezombusazwe) lizothuthukiswa noma lincishiswe? | |
| Ubukhulu bomthelela | Imigomo | Incazelo |
| Impilo yomphakathi | Ukubusa kanye nomsebenzi womphakathi | Ingabe izindlela zokubusa kanye nezinhlelo zokubusa emhlabeni wonke zingathinteka ngendlela enhle noma embi? |
| Imidiya yezindaba | Ingabe inkulumo yeningi ingase ibe ngokwehlukana kancane noma kancane futhi igxile ezingeni labantu? Ingabe kuzoba nomthelela emazingeni okuthembana kwabezindaba? Ingabe izimiso zokuziphatha ezivamile zobuntatheli kanye nezindinganiso zobuqotho zizophinde zithinteke? | |
| Umthetho wezomthetho | Ingabe kuzoba nomthelela ekhonweni lokuhlonza abantu noma izinhlangano ezizoziphendulela (okungukuthi, hlobo luni lokuziphendulela lokwabela i-algorithm yemiphumela emibi)? Ingabe lokhu kudala ukulahlekelwa ubukhosi (okungukuthi, indawo ezungezile, ezezimali, inqubomgomo yezenhlalo, izimiso zokuziphatha)? | |
| Ezombusazwe kanye nokubumbana komphakathi | Ingabe likhona ithuba lemibono yezepolitiki egxile kakhulu kanye nethuba elincane lokwakha ukuvumelana? Ingabe akhona amathuba okuthi amanye amaqembu ancishwe inyumbazane? Ingabe izitayela eziphikisanayo zezombangazwe zenziwa amathuba amaningi noma amancane? | |
| Ingqikithi ye-Geo-strategic/ geo-political | Ukugadwa okunembayo | Ingabe amasistimu aqeqeshelwe kudatha yomuntu ngamunye yokuziphatha neyokuphila, futhi uma kunjalo, angasetshenziswa yini ukuxhaphaza abantu ngabanye noma amaqembu? |
| Ikoloni yedijithali | Ingabe abadlali bezwe noma okungezona ezombuso bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amasistimu nedatha ukuze baqonde futhi balawule imiphakathi yamanye amazwe kanye nesimiso semvelo, noma ukubukela phansi ukulawulwa kombuso? | |
| Ukuncintisana kwezepolitiki | Ingabe uhlelo luthinta ukuncintisana phakathi kwezizwe nezinkundla zobuchwepheshe zokufinyelela kudatha yomuntu ngamunye kanye neqoqo ngezinjongo zomnotho noma zamasu? | |
| Izivumelwano zohwebo nezohwebo | Ingabe lolu hlelo lunomthelela ezivumelwaneni zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe? | |
| Shift emandleni omhlaba | Ingabe isimo sezizwe-zizwe njengabalingisi abayinhloko be-geo-politiki emhlabeni sisengozini? Ingabe izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zizosebenzisa amandla ake abekelwe amazwe futhi ingabe ziba abadlali abazimele? | |
| Ukuchithwa kwemininingwane | Ingabe kulula ngabalingisi bombuso nabangekho ngaphansi kombuso ukukhiqiza nokusabalalisa ulwazi olungaqondile oluthinta ukubumbana komphakathi, ukwethembana kanye nentando yeningi? | |
| Environmental | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezisetshenziswa (i-carbon footprint) | Ingabe isistimu nezimfuneko ziyakhuphula ukutholwa kwamandla nezisetshenziswa ngaphezu nangaphezulu kwezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle ezitholakala ngohlelo lokusebenza? |
| Ubukhulu bomthelela | Imigomo | Incazelo |
| Idatha nokokufaka | Ukutholwa nokuqoqwa | Ingabe idatha nokokufaka kuqoqwe abantu, izinzwa ezizenzakalelayo noma kokubili? |
| Ukuvela kwedatha | Ngokuphathelene nedatha ingabe lokhu kuhlinzekiwe, kubhekwe, okokwenziwa noma okutholwayo? Ingabe zikhona izivikelo ze-watermark zokuqinisekisa ukuvela? | |
| Imvelo enamandla yedatha | Ingabe idatha iyashintshashintsha, imile, ibuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile noma ibuyekezwa ngesikhathi sangempela? | |
| Amalungelo | Ingabe idatha ingokobunikazi, isesidlangalaleni noma okomuntu siqu (okungukuthi, ihlobene nabantu abangakhonjwa)? | |
| Ukuhlonza idatha yomuntu siqu | Uma idatha yomuntu siqu, ingabe ayenziwa angaziwa noma enziwe mbumbulu? | |
| Isakhiwo sedatha | Ingabe idatha yakhiwe, yakhiwe kancane, yakhiwe inkimbinkimbi noma ayihlelekile? | |
| Ifomethi yedatha | Ingabe ifomethi yedatha nemethadatha imisiwe noma ayimisiwe? | |
| Isikali sedatha | Siyini isikali sedathasethi? | |
| Ukufaneleka kanye nekhwalithi yedatha | Ingabe idathasethi iyifanele injongo? Ingabe usayizi wesampula wanele? Ingabe imele futhi iphelele ngokwanele? Inomsindo kangakanani idatha? Ingabe kujwayeleke ukuba nephutha? | |
| imodeli | Ukutholakala kolwazi | Ingabe ulwazi mayelana nemodeli yesistimu luyatholakala? |
| Uhlobo lwemodeli ye-AI | Ingabe imodeli iwuphawu (imithetho ekhiqizwe umuntu), isibalo (isebenzisa idatha) noma iyingxube? | |
| Amalungelo ahlobene nemodeli | Ingabe imodeli umthombo ovulekile, noma ubunikazi, ngokwakho noma inkampani yangaphandle iphethwe? | |
| Amamodeli angawodwa noma amaningi | Ingabe isistimu yenziwe ngemodeli eyodwa noma amamodeli amaningana axhumene? | |
| Okukhiqizayo noma okubandlululayo | Ingabe imodeli iyakhiqiza, iyabandlulula noma kokubili? | |
| Isakhiwo samamodeli | Ingabe isistimu ifunda ngokusekelwe emithethweni ebhalwe umuntu, kudatha, ngokufunda okugadiwe noma ngokufunda okuqiniswayo? | |
| Ukuvela kwemodeli (i-AI drift) | Ingabe imodeli iyaguquguquka futhi/noma ithola amakhono ekusebenzisaneni nedatha emkhakheni? | |
| Ukufunda okuhlanganisiwe noma okuphakathi | Ingabe imodeli iqeqeshelwe endaweni emaphakathi noma kumaseva endawo ambalwa noma amadivayisi “emphetho”? | |
| Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokugcinwa | Ingabe imodeli iyindawo yonke, ingenziwa ngokwezifiso noma ihambisana nedatha yomlingisi we-AI? | |
| Ukunquma noma okungenzeka | Ingabe imodeli isetshenziswa ngendlela yokunquma noma engenzeka? | |
| Imodeli obala | Ingabe ulwazi luyatholakala kubasebenzisi ukubavumela ukuthi baqonde imiphumela yemodeli nemikhawulo noma ukusebenzisa izithiyo? | |
| Umkhawulo wokubala | Ingabe kunemikhawulo yokubala ohlelweni? Ingabe singabikezela ukweqa kwamandla noma imithetho yokukala? | |
| Ubukhulu bomthelela | Imigomo | Incazelo |
| Umsebenzi nokuphumayo | Imisebenzi eyenziwa yisistimu | Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yisistimu (okungukuthi, ukuqashelwa, ukutholwa komcimbi, ukubikezela)? |
| Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi nezenzo | Ingabe uhlelo luhlanganisa imisebenzi nezenzo ezimbalwa (okungukuthi, amasistimu okukhiqiza okuqukethwe, amasistimu azimele, amasistimu okulawula)? | |
| Izinga lesistimu lokuzimela | Zizimele kangakanani izenzo zesistimu futhi iyiphi indima edlalwa abantu? | |
| Izinga lokubandakanyeka komuntu | Ingabe kukhona ukubandakanyeka komuntu ukwengamela umsebenzi wonke wohlelo lwe-AI kanye nekhono lokunquma ukuthi lusetshenziswa nini futhi kanjani uhlelo kunoma yisiphi isimo? | |
| Uhlelo lokusebenza olubalulekile | Ingabe isistimu iyingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza oluwumongo njengobuchwepheshe bolimi lwabantu, ukubona kwekhompyutha, okuzenzakalelayo kanye/noma ukuthuthukiswa, noma amarobhothi? | |
| Kulinganisa | Ingabe amazinga noma izindlela ziyatholakala zokuhlola ukuphuma kwesistimu noma ukubhekana nezakhiwo ezingalindelekile ezivelayo? | |
Isihluthulelo imithombo yezincazelo
Umbhalo ongenalutho:
U-Gluckman, P. no-Allen, K. 2018. Ukuqonda inhlalakahle kumongo woshintsho olusheshayo lwedijithali noluhambisanayo. INGSA. https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
Umbhalo we-Bold:
I-OECD. 2022. I-OECD Framework Yokuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlelo ze-AI. I-OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 323, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://oecd.ai/en/classification
Umbhalo we-ithalikhi:
Izincazelo ezintsha (ezivela emithonjeni eminingi)
Indlela eya phambili
Kuye ngempendulo yaleli phepha lengxoxo, iqembu elisebenzayo lochwepheshe lizobunjwa yi-ISC ukuze liqhubeke lithuthukise noma lichibiyele uhlaka lokuhlaziya olungenhla lapho ababambiqhaza abangase babheke ngakho konke ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile okungamapulatifomu noma kobukhulu bokusetshenziswa. Iqembu elisebenzayo lizohluka ngokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, ngokwendawo kanye nangokwezibalo zabantu, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusukela ekuhlolweni kobuchwepheshe kuye kunqubomgomo yomphakathi, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwabantu kuya kusayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nekusasa nezifundo zobuchwepheshe.
Ukuze uhlanganyele naleli phepha lengxoxo, sicela uvakashele umkhandlu.isayensi/okushicilelwe/uhlaka-digital-technologies
Ukubonga
Kukhulunywe nabantu abaningi ekuthuthukisweni kwaleli phepha, elahlelwa ngu Sir Peter Gluckman, uMongameli, i-ISC kanye no-Hema Sridhar, owayenguSosayensi Omkhulu, uMnyango Wezokuvikela, futhi manje osebenza naye ocwaningweni oluphezulu, iNyuvesi yase-Auckland, eNew Zealand.
Ikakhulukazi sibonga iNkosi uMartin Rees, owayenguMongameli weRoyal Society kanye nomsunguli weSikhungo Sokufunda Ngezingozi Ezikhona, iNyuvesi yaseCambridge; USolwazi Shivaji Sondhi, uProfesa weFiziksi, eNyuvesi yase-Oxford; USolwazi K Vijay Raghavan, owayengumeluleki wesayensi oyinhloko kuHulumeni waseNdiya; Amandeep Singh Gill, Inxusa likaNobhala Jikelele we-UN kwezobuchwepheshe; UDkt Seán Óh Éigeartaigh, uMqondisi Omkhulu, Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwezingozi Ezikhona, eNyuvesi yaseCambridge; U-Amanda-June Brawner, Umeluleki Omkhulu Wenqubomgomo kanye no-Ian Wiggins, uMqondisi Wezindaba Zamazwe Ngamazwe, i-Royal Society UK; UDkt Jerome Duberry, uDkt Marie-Laure Salles, uMqondisi, Isikhungo Seziqu Se-Geneva; UMnu Chor Pharn Lee, Isikhungo Sekusasa Elihle, iHhovisi likaNdunankulu, eSingapore; Barend Mons kanye noDkt Simon Hodson, iKomidi Lemininingwane (CoDATA); USolwazi Yuko Harayama, eJapan; USolwazi Rémi Quirion, uMongameli we-INGSA; UDkt Claire Craig, waseNyuvesi yase-Oxford kanye NowayeyiNhloko Yezokubona kusengaphambili, Ihhovisi Likahulumeni Lesayensi; kanye noProf Yoshua Bengio, Ibhodi Lokweluleka Ngezesayensi likaNobhala Jikelele we-UN kanye nase-Université de Montréal. Indlela yokuhlola uhlu ngokuvamile yavunywa futhi ukufaneleka kwanoma yisiphi isenzo se-ISC kwagcizelelwa.
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