Umhlahlandlela we-ISC unikeza uhlaka olubanzi oluklanyelwe ukuvala igebe phakathi kwemigomo yezinga eliphezulu kanye nenqubomgomo engokoqobo, engase isebenze. Isabela esidingweni esiphuthumayo sokuqonda okufanayo kwakho kokubili amathuba nezingozi ezivezwa ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa. Lona umbhalo obalulekile walabo abasebenza ku-nexus yenqubomgomo enkathini yethu yedijithali eshintsha ngokushesha.
Uhlaka luhlola amandla e-AI kanye nokuphuma kwayo kusetshenziswa ilensi ebanzi, ehlanganisa ukuphila kahle kwabantu kanye nomphakathi kanye nezici zangaphandle ezifana nezomnotho, ezombusazwe, ezemvelo, nokuphepha. Ezinye izici zohlu lokuhlola zingase zifaneleke kakhulu kunezinye, kuye ngomongo, kodwa izinqumo ezingcono zibonakala zingenzeka uma zonke izizinda zicatshangelwa, ngisho noma ezinye zingabonakala ngokushesha njengezingabalulekile ezimweni ezithile. Leli inani elingokwemvelo lendlela yohlu lokuhlola.
“Enkathini ephawulwa ukuqanjwa kabusha okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe nezinselele zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, uhlaka lwe-ISC lokuhlaziya okuphelele nokunezinhlangothi eziningi kwemithelela engaba khona lunikeza abaholi amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, nezinesibopho. Iqinisekisa ukuthi njengoba sithuthukela kwezobuchwepheshe, sikwenza lokho ngokucabangela ngokucophelela imithelela yesimilo, yezenhlalo, nezomnotho”.
Peter Gluckman, uMongameli we-ISC
Nakuba imigomo esezingeni eliphezulu iye yamenyezelwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD, Ikhomishana YaseYurophu kanye ne-UN, phakathi kokunye, futhi izingxoxo ezihlukahlukene ziyaqhubeka mayelana nezindaba ezingase zibe nokubusa, ukulawulwa, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuphepha, kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kwaleyo migomo kanye nesisekelo somthethosisekelo. ukubusa noma uhlaka lokulawula. I-ISC ibhekana nalesi sidingo ngomhlahlandlela wayo omusha wabenzi benqubomgomo.
Lo mhlahlandlela wabakhi benqubomgomo awuhloselwe ukumisa isimiso sokulawula, kodwa kunalokho ukuphakamisa uhlaka lokuhlaziya oluguquguqukayo olungasekela noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuhlola nokulawula ezingase zithuthukiswe ababambiqhaza, okuhlanganisa ohulumeni kanye nesistimu yezizwe ngezizwe.
"Uhlaka luyisinyathelo esibalulekile engxoxweni yomhlaba wonke nge-AI njengoba lunikeza isisekelo lapho singakha khona ukuvumelana mayelana nemiphumela yobuchwepheshe kokubili manje nasesikhathini esizayo".
U-Hema Sridhar, OwayenguMeluleki Oyinhloko Wesayensi, Umnyango Wezokuvikela, eNew Zealand futhi manje osenguMcwaningi Omkhulu Fellow, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2023, kube nezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe ngokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe kwezimiso zokuziphatha nokuphepha kwe-AI. Imithelela ye-AI ekuthembekeni kwezinye zezinhlelo zethu ezibucayi, okuhlanganisa ezezimali, uhulumeni, ezomthetho nezemfundo, kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi ezihlukene (okuhlanganisa nolwazi lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko), zikhathaza kakhulu. Uhlaka luphinde luveze lezi zici.
Impendulo eyamukelwe kuMalungu e-ISC kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe owenza inqubomgomo kuze kube manje ibonakala enguqulweni ebuyekeziwe yohlaka lokuhlaziya, manje oselukhishwe njengomhlahlandlela kubakhi benqubomgomo.
Umhlahlandlela wabakhi benqubomgomo: Ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuka ngokushesha obuhlanganisa i-AI, amamodeli ezilimi ezinkulu nangale kwalokho.
Leli phepha lezingxoxo lihlinzeka ngohlaka lohlaka lokuqala lokwazisa izingxoxo eziningi zomhlaba nezikazwelonke ezenzekayo ezihlobene ne-AI.
Landa uhlaka oluzosetshenziswa enhlanganweni yakho
Lapha sinikeza ithuluzi lohlaka njengeshidi le-Excel elihlelekayo elizosetshenziswa enhlanganweni yakho. Uma ukhetha ifomethi yomthombo ovulekile, sicela uxhumane [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
Isingeniso
Ubuchwepheshe obuvela ngokushesha buveza izinkinga eziyinselele uma kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kwabo, ukubusa kanye nokulawulwa okungaba khona. Inqubomgomo eqhubekayo kanye nezinkulumo mpikiswano zomphakathi mayelana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwenze lezi zindaba zagxila kakhulu. Izimiso ezibanzi ze-AI zimenyezelwe yi-UNESCO, i-OECD, i-UN nabanye, okuhlanganisa ne-United Kingdom's Bletchley Declaration, futhi kunemizamo evelayo yokulawula izici zobuchwepheshe ngokusebenzisa, isibonelo, i-European Union (EU) AI. Act noma i-United States AI Executive Order yakamuva.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI kuxoxwa kabanzi kulezi nezinye izinkundla, kuzo zonke izigaba zezombangazwe kanye nasemazweni kuwo wonke amazinga emali engenayo, kusasele igebe le-ontological phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezimiso ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwazo ekusebenzeni ngokulawula, inqubomgomo, ukubusa. noma izindlela zokuphatha. Indlela esuka esimisweni iye ekusebenzeni ayichazwanga kahle, kodwa uma kubhekwa ubunjalo kanye ne-cadence yokuthuthukiswa kwe-AI kanye nokusetshenziswa, izinhlobonhlobo zezithakazelo ezihilelekile kanye nobubanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingase zibe khona, noma iyiphi indlela yokufundisa ayikwazi ukuba igeneric ngokweqile noma inqume.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, umphakathi wesayensi ongekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni uyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ethile. I-International Science Council (ISC) - nobulungu bayo obuxubile obuvela kusayensi yezenhlalo nemvelo - ikhiphe iphepha lezingxoxo ngo-Okthoba 2023 wethula uhlaka lokuqala lokuhlaziya olucabangela ubungozi, izinzuzo, izinsongo namathuba ahlobene nobuchwepheshe bedijithali obuhamba ngokushesha. Nakuba yathuthukiswa ukuze icabangele i-AI, iwubuchwepheshe obungabonwa ngokwemvelo futhi ingasetshenziswa kuhlu lobuchwepheshe obusafufusa noluphazamisayo, njenge-synthetic biology kanye ne-quantum. Lelo phepha lezingxoxo limeme impendulo evela kwabezemfundo nabakhi benqubomgomo. Impendulo emangalisayo yenze ukuhlaziya okunjalo kwadingeka futhi kwaba yindlela ebalulekile yokubhekana nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa njenge-AI.
Inhloso yohlaka ukuhlinzeka ngethuluzi lokwazisa bonke ababambiqhaza - okuhlanganisa ohulumeni, izingxoxo zezohwebo, abalawuli, izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezimboni - ngokuvela kwalobu buchwepheshe ukuze babasize bahlele ukuthi bangacabangela kanjani imithelela, emihle noma engemihle, ye ubuchwepheshe uqobo, futhi ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuthile. Lolu hlaka lokuhlaziya lwenziwe olungahlangene nezintshisakalo zikahulumeni nezimboni. Ixube kakhulu emibonweni yayo, ehlanganisa zonke izici zobuchwepheshe kanye nemithelela yayo esekelwe ekubonisaneni okubanzi nempendulo.
Leli phepha lezingxoxo labakhi benqubomgomo alihloselwe ukumisa isimiso sokulawula, kodwa kunalokho liphakamisa uhlaka lokuhlaziya oluguquguqukayo olungasekela noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuhlola nokulawula ezingase zithuthukiswe ababambiqhaza, okuhlanganisa ohulumeni kanye nesistimu yezizwe ngezizwe.
Njengoba abenzi bezinqumo emhlabeni wonke nasemhlabeni wonke becabangela izilungiselelo zenqubomgomo ezifanele kanye nezisekelo ukuze kulinganiswe izingozi nemivuzo yobuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-AI, uhlaka lokuhlaziya luhloselwe njengethuluzi elihambisanayo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithelela engaba khona ibonakala ngokwanele.
Isendlalelo: kungani uhlaka lokuhlaziya?
Ukuvela okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi nemithelela ye-AI kuqhuba izimangalo eziningi zenzuzo enkulu. Kodwa-ke, iphinde ibangele ukwesaba kwezingozi ezinkulu, kusukela kumuntu ngamunye kuye ezingeni le-geostrategic.1 Ingxoxo eningi kuze kube manje isicatshangelwe ngendlela embaxambili njengoba imibono evezwe esidlangalaleni ivame ukwenzeka ekugcineni kwe-spectrum. Izimangalo ezenzelwe noma ezimelene ne-AI zivame ukuba yi-hyperbolic futhi - uma kubhekwa uhlobo lobuchwepheshe - kunzima ukuzihlola.
Indlela ye-pragmatic eyengeziwe iyadingeka lapho i-hyperbole ithathelwa indawo ngokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe kanye ne-granular eyengeziwe. Ubuchwepheshe be-AI buzoqhubeka nokuvela, futhi umlando ubonisa ukuthi cishe bonke ubuchwepheshe bunokusebenzisa okunenzuzo nokulimazayo. Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi: singayifinyelela kanjani imiphumela enenzuzo kulobu buchwepheshe, kuyilapho sinciphisa ingozi yemiphumela eyingozi, eminye yayo engase ibe khona ngobuningi?
Ikusasa lihlale lingaqinisekile, kodwa kunamazwi anele okukholekayo nawochwepheshe mayelana ne-AI kanye ne-generative AI ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yezinhlelo iyadingeka njengoba i-AI iyikilasi lobuchwepheshe elisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi lisetshenziswa yizinhlobo eziningi zabasebenzisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umongo ogcwele kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho kucutshungulwa imiphumela yanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI kubantu, impilo yomphakathi, impilo yomphakathi, impilo yomphakathi kanye nomxholo womhlaba.
Ngokungafani nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuningi, kubuchwepheshe bedijithali nobuhlobene, isikhathi phakathi kwentuthuko, ukukhishwa kanye nokusetshenziswa sifushane kakhulu, siqhutshwa kakhulu izintshisekelo zezinkampani noma ama-ejensi akhiqizayo. Ngokwemvelo yayo - futhi uma inikezwe isekelwe kumgogodla wedijithali - i-AI izoba nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigcwele ngokushesha, njengoba sekubonile kakade ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezilimi ezinkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izakhiwo zingase zibonakale kuphela ngemva kokukhululwa, okusho ukuthi kunengozi yemiphumela engalindelekile, kokubili engalungile nenomusa.
Izilinganiso zezindinganiso ezibalulekile zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni namasiko ahlukene, zizoba nomthelela ekutheni noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kuthathwa futhi kwamukelwe kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithakazelo ze-geostrategic sezivele zibusa izingxoxo, nezithakazelo ezizimele kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe zihlala zihlangana futhi ngaleyo ndlela ziqhuba ukuncintisana nokuhlukana.
Kuze kube manje, ukulawulwa okuningi kobuchwepheshe be-virtual kubonakale kakhulu ngelensi 'yezimiso' kanye nokuthobela ngokuzithandela, nakuba kunoMthetho we-EU AI.2 futhi okufanayo sibona ukushintshela emithethweni ephoqelela kakhulu kodwa ewumngcingo. Ukusungula uhlelo olusebenzayo lwezobuchwepheshe lomhlaba wonke noma lukazwelonke kanye/noma uhlelo lokulawula kuseyinselele futhi asikho isixazululo esisobala. Kuzodingeka izingqimba eziningi zokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngengozi ochungechungeni, kusukela kumsunguli kuye kumkhiqizi, kuye kubasebenzisi, kuye kuhulumeni kanye nasohlelweni oluhlanganisa amazwe amaningi.
Nakuba imigomo esezingeni eliphezulu iye yamenyezelwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD, i-European Commission kanye ne-UN, phakathi kokunye, futhi izingxoxo ezihlukahlukene ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziyaqhubeka mayelana nezindaba zokubusa okungase kube khona, izimiso, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuphepha, kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kwalokhu. imigomo kanye nohlaka lokuphatha noma lokulawula. Lokhu kudinga ukulungiswa.
Njengesiqalo, i-ISC ibheka ukuthuthukisa intela yokucatshangelwa noma yimuphi unjiniyela, umlawuli, umeluleki wenqubomgomo, umthengi noma umenzi wezinqumo angabhekisela kukho. Uma kubhekwa imithelela ebanzi yalobu buchwepheshe, i-taxonomy enjalo kufanele icabangele ingqikithi yemithelela esikhundleni sokugxila kancane kozimele. Ukuhlukana komhlaba wonke kuyanda ngenxa yethonya lezintshisekelo ze-geostrategic ekuthathweni kwezinqumo, futhi uma kubhekwa ukuphuthuma kwalobu buchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukuze amazwi azimele nangathathi hlangothi aqhubeke nokulwela indlela ebumbene nebandakanyayo.
1) Hindustan Times. 2023. I-G20 kufanele imise iphaneli yamazwe ngamazwe mayelana noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe.
https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/g20-must-set-up-an-international-panel-on-technological-change-101679237287848.html
2) Umthetho we-EU Artificial Intelligence. 2023. https://artificialintelligenceact.eu
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka lokuhlaziya
I-ISC iyinhlangano eyinhloko yomhlaba wonke engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ehlanganisa isayensi yemvelo nezenhlalakahle. Ukufinyelela kwayo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe kusho ukuthi ibekwe endaweni efanele ukuze ikhiqize izeluleko ezizimele nezifanelekile emhlabeni wonke ukuze yazise izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezizayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba amazwi akhona kule nkundla ikakhulukazi avela embonini noma emiphakathini yenqubomgomo nezombusazwe yamandla amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe.
Kulandela inkathi yezingxoxo ezibanzi, ezihlanganisa ukucutshungulwa kwenqubo yokuhlola okungezona okukahulumeni, i-ISC yaphetha ngokuthi umnikelo wayo owusizo kakhulu kungaba ukukhiqiza uhlaka lokuhlaziya oluguquguqukayo olungasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sezingxoxo kanye nokuthathwa kwezinqumo yibo bonke. ababambiqhaza, kubandakanya nanoma yiziphi izinqubo zokuhlola ezisemthethweni ezivelayo.
Uhlaka lokuqala lokuhlaziya, olwakhishwa ukuze kuxoxwe ngalo futhi kuphendulwe ngalo ngo-Okthoba 2023, luthathe uhlobo lohlu lokuhlola oluklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa yizikhungo zikahulumeni nezingezona zikahulumeni. Uhlaka luhlonze futhi lwahlola amandla obuchwepheshe obufana ne-AI kanye nokuphuma kwayo ngokusebenzisa i-lens ebanzi ehlanganisa ukuphila kahle kwabantu kanye nomphakathi, kanye nezici zangaphandle ezifana nezomnotho, ezombusazwe, ezemvelo nokuvikeleka. Ezinye izici zohlu lokuhlola zingase zifaneleke kakhulu kunezinye, kuye ngomongo, kodwa izinqumo ezingcono zibonakala zingenzeka uma zonke izizinda zicatshangelwa, ngisho noma ezinye zingabonakala ngokushesha njengezingabalulekile ezimweni ezithile. Leli inani elingokwemvelo lendlela yohlu lokuhlola.
Uhlaka lokuqala luthathwe emsebenzini nasekucabangeni kwangaphambilini, okuhlanganisa umbiko we-International Network for Governmental Science Advice's (INGSA) mayelana nokuphila kahle kwedijithali3 kanye Nohlaka lwe-OECD Lokuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlelo ze-AI,4 ukwethula ingqikithi yamathuba angaba khona, ubungozi kanye nomthelela. kwe-AI. Le mikhiqizo yangaphambilini ibikhawulelwe kakhulu enhlosweni yayo uma kubhekwa isikhathi kanye nomongo wayo; kunesidingo sohlaka olubanzi olwethula uhla oluphelele lwezindaba esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside.
Selokhu lakhululwa, iphepha lezingxoxo lithole ukwesekwa okubalulekile kochwepheshe abaningi nabenzi benqubomgomo. Abaningi bagunyaze ngokukhethekile isincomo sokwenza uhlaka oluguquguqukayo oluvumela ukucatshangelwa ngamabomu nangokushesha kwezingozi nemithelela yobuchwepheshe, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, kuhlale kucutshungulwa ingqikithi yobukhulu kusukela kumuntu kuya emphakathini nasezinhlelweni.
Okukodwa okubalulekile okwenziwa ngempendulo kwaba ukuvunywa ukuthi imithelela eminingana ecatshangwa ohlakeni inezici eziningi ngokwemvelo futhi inweba ezigabeni eziningi. Isibonelo, ulwazi olungalungile lungacatshangelwa kusukela kukho kokubili ilensi yomuntu ngamunye kanye ne-geostrategic; ngakho-ke, imiphumela ingaba miningi.
Inketho yokufaka izibonelo zezifundo noma izibonelo zokuhlola uhlaka nayo yaphakanyiswa. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukwenza imihlahlandlela ukukhombisa ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ekusebenzeni ezimeni ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba umsebenzi obalulekile futhi kungavala indlela amaqembu ahlukene abona ngayo ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlaka. Kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu abenzi benqubomgomo abasebenza nochwepheshe ezindaweni ezithile noma izimo ezithile.
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2023, kube nezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe ngokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe kwezimiso zokuziphatha nokuphepha kwe-AI. Imithelela ye-AI ekuthembekeni kwezinye zezinhlelo zethu ezibucayi, okuhlanganisa ezezimali, uhulumeni, ezomthetho nezemfundo, kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi ezihlukene (okuhlanganisa nolwazi lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko), zikhathaza kakhulu. Uhlaka olubuyekeziwe luphinde luveze lezi zici.
Impendulo etholiwe kuze kube manje ibonakala enguqulweni ebuyekeziwe yohlaka lokuhlaziya, manje oselukhishwe njengomhlahlandlela wabakhi benqubomgomo.
Nakuba uhlaka lwethulwa kumongo we-AI kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene, ludluliselwa ngokushesha ekucatshangelweni kobunye ubuchwepheshe obuvela ngokushesha njenge-quantum kanye ne-synthetic biology.
3) U-Gluckman, P. kanye no-Allen, K. 2018. Ukuqonda inhlalakahle kumongo woshintsho olusheshayo lwedijithali noluhlobene. INGSA.
https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
4) I-OECD. 2022. Uhlaka lwe-OECD Lokuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlelo ze-AI. I-OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 323,#. Paris, OECD Publishing.
https://oecd.ai/en/classificatio
Uhlaka
Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ubukhulu bohlaka lokuhlaziya olufakayo. Kunikezwe izibonelo ukukhombisa ukuthi kungani isizinda ngasinye sibalulekile; ngokomongo, uhlaka luzodinga ukunwetshwa okuhambisana nesimo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkinga ezijwayelekile ezivela ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla nalezo ezingase zivele phakathi nezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza. Akukho ukucatshangelwa okukodwa okufakwe lapha okufanele kuthathwe njengokubalulekile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, konke kufanele kuhlolwe.
Izinkinga zihlelwe kabanzi ngezigaba ezilandelayo njengoba zivezwe ngezansi:
Ithebula lichaza ubukhulu okungenzeka kudingeke ukuthi bucatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa ubuchwepheshe obusha.
– INGSA. 2018. Ukuqonda inhlalakahle ngokwesimo sokuguqulwa okusheshayo kwedijithali kanye nokuhambisana nakho.
https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
– Izincazelo ezintsha (ezitholakala ngokubonisana okubanzi kanye nokubuyekezwa kwempendulo kanye nezincwadi)
– Uhlaka lwe-OECD Lokuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlelo ze-AI: ithuluzi lezinqubomgomo ze-AI ezisebenzayo.
https://oecd.ai/en/classification
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Ikhono labasebenzisi be-AI | Banekhono futhi bazazi kangakanani izakhiwo zesistimu okungenzeka ukuthi abasebenzisi bazosebenzisana nesistimu? Bazonikezwa kanjani ulwazi olufanele lomsebenzisi nezixwayiso? |
| Ababambiqhaza abathintekile | Obani ababambiqhaza abakhulu abazothinteka ohlelweni (abantu ngabanye, imiphakathi, abasengozini, abasebenzi bemboni, izingane, abakhi bezinqubomgomo, ochwepheshe njll.)? |
| Ukuzikhethela | Ingabe abasebenzisi banikezwa ithuba lokuphuma ohlelweni noma banikezwa amathuba okuphonsela inselelo noma ukulungisa okukhiphayo? |
| Ubungozi bamalungelo abantu kanye nezimiso zentando yeningi | Ingabe uhlelo lunomthelela omkhulu emalungelweni abantu, okuhlanganisa kodwa okungagcini nje ngobumfihlo, inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukulunga, ukungabandlululi njll.? |
| Imiphumela engaba khona enhlalakahleni yabantu | Ingabe izindawo zomthelela wesistimu zihlobene nokuphila kahle komsebenzisi ngamunye (ikhwalithi yomsebenzi, imfundo, ukuxhumana nabantu, impilo yengqondo, ubunikazi, indawo ezungezile njll.)? |
| Amathuba okususwa kwemisebenzi yabantu | Ingabe akhona amandla okuthi uhlelo luzenzele ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi noma imisebenzi ebisenziwa abantu? Uma kunjalo, ithini imiphumela engezansi? |
| Amathuba obunikazi, amanani noma ukukhohlisa kolwazi | Ingabe isistimu iklanywe noma iyakwazi ukukhohlisa ubunikazi bomsebenzisi noma amanani asethiwe, noma asabalalisa ulwazi olungahlosiwe? |
| Amathuba okuziveza kanye nokuzazisa | Ingabe akhona amandla obuciko kanye nokuzithanda? Ingabe kukhona okungaba amanga noma izimangalo zobungcweti ezingenakuqinisekiswa? |
| Izinyathelo zokuzibona ubalulekile | Ingabe ikhona ingcindezi yokuveza ubuwena? Ingase ishintshe umuzwa lokugcwaliseka komuntu siqu? Ingabe ikhona ingcindezi yokuncintisana nohlelo ku emsebenzini? Ingabe isithunzi somuntu sinzima ukuvikela ulwazi olungahlosiwe? |
| Inqubomgomo | Ingabe ikhona imithwalo yemfanelo esabalalisiwe yokuvikela ubumfihlo futhi ingabe ikhona kucatshangwa ukuthi idatha yomuntu siqu isetshenziswa kanjani? |
| Ukuzimela | Ingabe uhlelo lwe-AI lungaba nomthelela ekuzilawuleni komuntu ngokudala ukuthembela ngokweqile ngo abasebenzisi bokugcina? |
| Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu | Ingabe ukhona umthelela ekuzuzweni kwamakhono abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komuntu, njenge imisebenzi yokuphatha noma amakhono okusebenzelana nabanye, noma izinguquko ezithinta isikhathi sokunaka ukufunda, ukuthuthukisa ubuntu, ukukhathazeka ngempilo yengqondo njll.? |
| Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo komuntu siqu | Ingabe zikhona izimangalo zokuzixilonga noma izixazululo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo komuntu siqu? Uma kunjalo, ingabe ziqinisekiswa ezindinganisweni zokulawula? |
| Impilo yengqondo | Ingabe ikhona ingozi yokwanda kokukhathazeka, isizungu noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, noma ingabe ubuchwepheshe bungayithuthukisa imithelela enjalo? |
| Ukuvela komuntu | Kungenzeka yini ukuthi amamodeli olimi amakhulu kanye nobuhlakani obujwayelekile bokwenziwa bushintshe inkambo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu? |
| Ukusebenzisana komshini womuntu | Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kungaholela ekususweni kwamakhono nokuncika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubantu ngabanye? Ingabe akhona amagalelo ekusebenzelaneni kwabantu? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Amagugu omphakathi | Ingabe uhlelo luyayishintsha ngempela imvelo yomphakathi, luvumela ukujwayela kwemibono ngaphambilini ebithathwa njengengahambisani nenhlalo, noma ukwephula izindinganiso zomphakathi zesiko lapho isetshenziswa khona? |
| Ukuxhumana komphakathi | Ingabe ukhona umthelela ekuthintaneni kwabantu okunenjongo, okuhlanganisa nobudlelwano obungokomzwelo? |
| Impilo yeningi | Ingabe akhona amandla okuthi uhlelo luthuthuke noma lubukele phansi izinhloso zempilo yabantu? |
| Isisho samasiko | Ingabe ukwanda kokwabiwa kwamasiko noma ukubandlululwa kungenzeka noma kube nzima ukubhekana nakho? Ingabe ukuthembela ohlelweni ekuthathweni kwezinqumo akubakhiphi noma abeke eceleni izibopho zomphakathi ezihambisana namasiko? |
| Imfundo yomphakathi | Ingabe ukhona umthelela endimeni yothisha noma ezikhungweni zemfundo? Ingabe uhlelo lugcizelela noma lunciphisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali nokungalingani phakathi kwabafundi? Ingabe ukubaluleka kwangaphakathi kolwazi noma ukuqonda okujulile kuthuthukile noma kubukela phansi? |
| Amaqiniso ahlanekezelwe | Ingabe izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukubona okuyiqiniso zisasebenza? Ingabe umbono weqiniso usengozini? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Umkhakha wezimboni | Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kumuphi umkhakha wezimboni (ezezimali, ezolimo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ezokuvikela njll.)? |
| Imodeli yebhizinisi | Uhlelo lusetshenziswa kumuphi umsebenzi webhizinisi futhi ngasiphi isikhundla? Isetshenziswa kuphi isistimu (eyimfihlo, yomphakathi, engenzi nzuzo)? |
| Imithelela emisebenzini ebalulekile | Ingabe ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wesistimu noma umsebenzi kungathinta izinsizakalo ezibalulekile noma ingqalasizinda ebalulekile? |
| Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa | Isetshenziswa kanjani isistimu (ukusetshenziswa okuncane phakathi kweyunithi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusabalala ezweni/emazweni ngamazwe)? |
| Ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe | Luvuthwe kangakanani uhlelo? |
| Ukusebenzisana | Ingabe kungenzeka kube khona izisele, kuzwelonke noma emhlabeni jikelele, ezivimbela ukuhwebelana kwamahhala kanye nomthelela wokubambisana nabalingani? |
| Ubukhosi bezobuchwepheshe | Ingabe isifiso sokuziphatha kokushayela kobukhosi, okuhlanganisa nokulawula lonke iketango lokunikezela nge-AI? |
| Ukwabiwa kabusha kweholo kanye nezinga lezimali likazwelonke | Ingabe izindima eziyinhloko zombuso ozimele zingafakwa engozini (isb., amabhange agciniwe)? Ingabe ikhono lombuso lokuhlangabezana nokulindelwe yizakhamuzi kanye nemithelela (yezenhlalo, ezomnotho, ezombusazwe njll.) lizothuthukiswa noma lincishiswe? |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwedijithali (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-AI) | Ingabe ukungalingani okukhona kwedijithali kuye kwadlondlobala noma kudalwe okusha? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Ukubusa kanye nomsebenzi womphakathi | Ingabe izindlela zokubusa kanye nesistimu yokubusa yomhlaba wonke kungathinteka ngendlela enhle noma embi? |
| Imidiya yezindaba | Ingabe inkulumo yeningi ingase ihlukaniseke futhi igxile ezingeni labantu? Ingabe kuzoba nomthelela emazingeni okuthembela ku-Fourth Estate? Ingabe izimiso zokuziphatha ezivamile zezintatheli nezindinganiso zobuqotho zizophinde zithinteke? |
| Umthetho wezomthetho | Ingabe kuzoba nomthelela ekhonweni lokuhlonza abantu noma izinhlangano ezizoziphendulela (isb, hlobo luni lokuziphendulela lokwabela i-algorithm yemiphumela emibi)? Ingabe kukhona ukulahlekelwa ubukhosi okudaliwe (ezemvelo, ezezimali, inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, izimiso zokuziphatha njll.)? |
| Ezombusazwe kanye nokubumbana komphakathi | Ingabe likhona ithuba lemibono yezepolitiki egxile kakhulu kanye nethuba elincane lokwakha ukuvumelana? Ingabe akhona amathuba okuthi amanye amaqembu ancishwe inyumbazane? Ingabe izitayela eziphikisanayo zezombangazwe zenziwa amathuba amaningi noma amancane? |
| Ilayisensi yomphakathi | Ingabe kukhona ukukhathazeka okuyimfihlo, izindaba zokuthembana kanye nokuziphatha okufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze kwamukelwe ababambiqhaza ukusetshenziswa? |
| Ulwazi lwendabuko | Ingabe ulwazi kanye nedatha yoMdabu kungonakala noma kusetshenziswe kabi? Ingabe zikhona izindlela ezanele zokuvikela ekuhlanekelweni amanga, ulwazi olunganembile kanye nokuxhashazwa? |
| Uhlelo lwesayensi | Ingabe ubuqotho bezemfundo nocwaningo busengozini? Ingabe kukhona ukuphelelwa ithemba kwesayensi? Ingabe akhona amathuba okusebenzisa kabi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile noma ukuhlukumeza? Uyini umphumela womkhuba wesayensi? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Ukugadwa okunembayo | Ingabe amasistimu aqeqeshelwe kudatha yomuntu ngamunye yokuziphatha neyebhayoloji futhi angasetshenziswa yini ukuxhaphaza abantu ngabanye noma amaqembu? |
| Umncintiswano wedijithali | Ingabe abadlali bakahulumeni noma okungezona ezombuso (isb. izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe) bangasebenzisa izinhlelo nedatha ukuze baqonde futhi balawule imiphakathi yamanye amazwe kanye ne-ecosystem, noma babukele phansi ukulawulwa kwezomthetho? |
| Umncintiswano wezepolitiki | Ingabe lolu hlelo lungavusa ukuncintisana phakathi kwamazwe ngokusebenzisa idatha yomuntu ngamunye neyeqembu ukuze kuzuze umnotho, wezokwelapha kanye nezokuphepha? |
| Shift emandleni omhlaba | Ingabe isimo sezizwe-zizwe njengabalingisi abayinhloko be-geopolitical emhlabeni sisengozini? Ingabe izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zisebenzisa amandla ake abekelwe amazwe futhi ingabe sezizimele, abadlali abazimele (i-technopolar world order)? |
| Ukuchithwa kwemininingwane | Ingabe lolu hlelo lungasiza ekukhiqizweni nasekusatshalalisweni kolwazi olungalungile ngabalingisi bakahulumeni nabangezona zombuso okunomthelela ekubumbaneni komphakathi, ukwethembana kanye nentando yeningi? |
| Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kabili | Ingabe likhona ithuba lakho kokubili isicelo sezempi kanye nokusetshenziswa komphakathi? |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oda lomhlaba wonke | Ingabe ama-silo noma amaqoqo emithethonqubo nokuhambisana angathuthuka avimbela ukubambisana, okuholela ekungavumelani ekufakweni kwesicelo nokudala indawo yokungqubuzana? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezisetshenziswa (i-carbon footprint) | Ingabe uhlelo nezimfuneko ziyakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezisetshenziswa ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezitholakala ngohlelo lokusebenza? |
| Umthombo wamandla | Atholakala kuphi amandla ohlelo (okuvuselelekayo uma kuqhathaniswa. nezibaso ezimbiwa phansi njll.)? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Isiqondiso kanye nokuqoqwa | Ingabe idatha nokokufaka kuqoqwe abantu, izinzwa ezizenzakalelayo noma kokubili? |
| Ukuvela kwedatha | Ingabe idatha kanye nokufaka okuvela kochwepheshe kuhlinzekiwe, kubhekwe, kwenziwa ngokwenziwa noma kuthathwe? Ingabe zikhona izivikelo ze-watermark zokuqinisekisa ukuvela? |
| Imvelo enamandla yedatha | Ingabe idatha iyashintshashintsha, imile, ishintshashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ngesikhathi sangempela? |
| Amalungelo | Ingabe idatha ingokobunikazi, isesidlangalaleni noma eyomuntu siqu (ihlobene nabantu abangakhonjwa)? |
| Ukuhlonza kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu | Uma okomuntu siqu, ingabe idatha yenziwa ingaziwa noma yenziwe mbumbulu? |
| Isakhiwo sedatha | Ingabe idatha yakhiwe, yakhiwe kancane, yakhiwe inkimbinkimbi noma ayihlelekile? |
| Ifomethi yedatha | Ingabe ifomethi yedatha nemethadatha imisiwe noma ayimisiwe? |
| Isikali sedatha | Siyini isikali sedathasethi? |
| Ukufaneleka kanye nekhwalithi yedatha | Ingabe idathasethi iyifanele injongo? Ingabe usayizi wesampula wanele? Ingabe imele futhi iphelele ngokwanele? Inomsindo kangakanani idatha? Ingabe kujwayeleke ukuba nephutha? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Ukutholakala kolwazi | Ingabe lukhona ulwazi olutholakalayo mayelana nemodeli yesistimu? |
| Uhlobo lwemodeli ye-AI | Ingabe imodeli iwuphawu (imithetho ekhiqizwe umuntu), isibalo (isebenzisa idatha) noma iyingxube? |
| Amalungelo ahlobene nemodeli | Ingabe imodeli iwumthombo ovulekile noma ubunikazi, yona noma inkampani yangaphandle iphethwe? |
| Imodeli eyodwa kweziningi | Ingabe isistimu yenziwe ngemodeli eyodwa noma amamodeli amaningana axhumene? |
| Okukhiqizayo noma okubandlululayo | Ingabe imodeli iyakhiqiza, iyabandlulula noma kokubili? |
| Isakhiwo samamodeli | Ingabe isistimu ifunda ngokusekelwe emithethweni ebhalwe umuntu, kudatha, ngokufunda okugadiwe noma ngokufunda okuqiniswayo? |
| Ukuvela kwemodeli (i-AI drift) | Ingabe imodeli iyaguquguquka futhi/noma ithola amakhono ekusebenzisaneni nedatha emkhakheni? |
| Ukufunda okuhlanganisiwe noma okuphakathi | Ingabe imodeli iqeqeshelwe endaweni eyodwa noma kumaseva endawo ambalwa noma amadivayisi 'onqenqema'? |
| Ukuthuthukiswa/ukugcinwa | Ingabe imodeli iyindawo yonke, ingenziwa ngokwezifiso noma ihambisana nedatha yomlingisi we-AI? |
| Ukunquma noma okungenzeka | Ingabe imodeli isetshenziswa ngendlela yokunquma noma engenzeka? |
| Imodeli obala | Ingabe ulwazi luyatholakala kubasebenzisi ukubavumela ukuthi baqonde imiphumela yemodeli nemikhawulo noma ukusebenzisa izithiyo? |
| Umkhawulo wokubala | Ingabe kunemikhawulo yokubala ohlelweni? Kungenzeka yini ukubikezela ukweqa kwamandla noma imithetho yokukala? |
| Imigomo | Izibonelo zokuthi lokhu kungabonakala kanjani ekuhlaziyeni |
| Imisebenzi eyenziwa yisistimu | Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yisistimu (ukuqashelwa, ukutholwa komcimbi, ukubikezela njll.)? |
| Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi nezenzo | Ingabe uhlelo luhlanganisa imisebenzi nezenzo ezimbalwa (amasistimu okukhiqiza okuqukethwe, amasistimu azimele, amasistimu okulawula njll.)? |
| Izinga lesistimu lokuzimela | Zizimele kangakanani izenzo zesistimu futhi iyiphi indima edlalwa abantu? |
| Izinga lokubandakanyeka komuntu | Ingabe kukhona ukubandakanyeka komuntu ukwengamela umsebenzi wonke wohlelo lwe-AI kanye nekhono lokunquma ukuthi lusetshenziswa nini futhi kanjani uhlelo lwe-AI kunoma yisiphi isimo? |
| Uhlelo lokusebenza olubalulekile | Ingabe isistimu iyingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza oluwumongo njengobuchwepheshe bolimi lwabantu, umbono wekhompyutha, umshini ozenzakalelayo kanye/noma ukulungiselelwa ngokugcwele noma amarobhothi? |
| Kulinganisa | Ingabe amazinga noma izindlela ziyatholakala zokuhlola ukuphuma kwesistimu? |
Lolu hlaka lwalungasetshenziswa kanjani?
Lolu hlaka lungasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
Indlela eya phambili
Kafushane, uhlaka lokuhlaziya luhlinzekwa njengesisekelo sekhithi yamathuluzi engasetshenziswa ababambiqhaza ukuze babheke ngokucophelela noma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile okungaba kwenkundla noma ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engaguquki nehlelekile. Ubukhulu obuthulwe kulolu hlaka bunokubaluleka kusukela ekuhlolweni kobuchwepheshe kuya kunqubomgomo yomphakathi, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komuntu kuya kusayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nezifundo zekusasa nobuchwepheshe. Ngenkathi yenzelwe i-AI, lolu hlaka lokuhlaziya lusebenza kabanzi kunoma ibuphi obunye ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa.
Ukubonga
Abantu abaningi bathintwe futhi banikezwa impendulo ekuthuthukisweni kokubili kwephepha lengxoxo lokuqala kanye nempendulo ngemva kokukhishwa kwalo. Womabili amaphepha abhalwe ngu Sir Peter Gluckman, uMongameli, i-ISC kanye no-Hema Sridhar, owayenguMeluleki Omkhulu Wezesayensi, Umnyango Wezokuvikela, eNew Zealand futhi manje Ocwaninga Olukhulu Fellow, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Ikakhulukazi, i-ISC Lord Martin Rees, owayenguMongameli weRoyal Society kanye noMsunguli weSikhungo Sokufunda Ngezingozi Ezikhona, iNyuvesi yaseCambridge; USolwazi Shivaji Sondhi, uProfesa weFiziksi, eNyuvesi yase-Oxford; USolwazi K Vijay Raghavan, owayenguMeluleki Oyinhloko Wezesayensi kuHulumeni waseNdiya; Amandeep Singh Gill, Inxusa likaNobhala Jikelele we-UN kwezobuchwepheshe; Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Umqondisi Omkhulu, Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwezingozi Ezikhona, Inyuvesi yaseCambridge; USir David Spiegelhalter, uProfesa Winton Wokuqondisisa Komphakathi Ngobungozi, eNyuvesi
yaseCambridge; U-Amanda-June Brawner, Umeluleki Omkhulu Wenqubomgomo kanye no-Ian Wiggins, uMqondisi Wezindaba Zamazwe Ngamazwe, i-Royal Society, e-United Kingdom; UDkt Jerome Duberry, uMqondisi Ophethe kanye noDkt Marie-Laure Salles, uMqondisi, i-Geneva Graduate Institute; Chor Pharn Lee, Centre for Strategic Futures, Ihhovisi likaNdunankulu, eSingapore; Barend Mons kanye noDkt Simon Hodson, iKomidi Lemininingwane (CoDATA); USolwazi Yuko Harayama, OwayenguMqondisi Ophethe, u-RIKEN; USolwazi
Rémi Quirion, uMongameli, INGSA; UDkt Claire Craig, waseNyuvesi yase-Oxford kanye NowayeyiNhloko Yezokubona kusengaphambili, Ihhovisi Likahulumeni Lesayensi; USolwazi Yoshua Bengio, Ibhodi Lokweluleka Ngezesayensi likaNobhala Jikelele we-UN kanye nase-Université de Montréal; kanye nabanye abaningi abanikeze impendulo ku-ISC ephepheni lokuqala lengxoxo.
Ukulungiselela i-National Research Ecosystems ye-AI: Amasu nenqubekelaphambili ngo-2024
Leli phepha lokusebenza elivela ethangini lokucabanga le-ISC, iSikhungo Sekusasa Lesayensi, lihlinzeka ngolwazi oluyisisekelo kanye nokufinyelela ezinsizeni ezivela emazweni avela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanganisa i-AI ohlelweni lwazo lwemvelo locwaningo.
Ukwakha izinhlelo zesayensi ezilungele ikusasa eGlobal South
Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa bulungisa kabusha indlela isayensi eqhutshwa ngayo futhi bunikeza amandla abalulekile okuqinisa izinhlelo zesayensi ku-Global South - uma ukwamukelwa kwabo kuqondiswa izindlela ezibandakanya wonke umuntu, ezisekelwa kahle, nezizwela umongo. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bunomthelela ezinhlelweni zesayensi ezilinganayo neziqinile, kunokuba kuqiniswe ukungafani okukhona, bekugxilwe kakhulu kulokhu kuhoxa kwamasu kwakamuva.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokudalulwa kwe-AI ocwaningweni: maqondana nenqubo yokubika yomhlaba wonke 
Funda kabanzi mayelana noMbiko Wonyaka ka-2025 Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulingana ngokobulili ezinhlanganweni zesayensi: ukuhlolwa kanye nezincomo 
Funda kabanzi mayelana neMuscat Global Knowledge Dialogue 