'Incwadi enamandla, enesibindi futhi ekholisayo' iwina uMklomelo we-Stein Rokkan walo nyaka

UWimmer ubuza umbuzo obalulekile: kungani kufinyelelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezwe kwamanye amazwe ahlukahlukene, kuyilapho amanye ewohloka? Uphikisa ngokuthi ukwakha isizwe kuwuhlelo oluhamba kancane futhi olukhiqizayo, impumelelo yalo incike ekusabalaleni kwezinhlangano zomphakathi, ukuhlanganiswa kolimi, kanye namandla ezifunda ukuze kuhlinzekwe impahla yomphakathi ezakhamuzini zazo.

Ngokweqile, incwadi yakhe ihlanganisa amakhulu eminyaka ambalwa kanye namazwekazi amaningana isebenzisa ukuqhathanisa kwamazwe amabili kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezibalo. U-Wimmer wakhela phezu, futhi usungula, isiko elide kusayensi yezenhlalo ephathelene nemibuzo emikhulu namaqiniso axakayo. Ugcizelela ukuthi:

“Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, ucwaningo lwesayensi yezenhlalo seluqale ukugxila emibuzweni emincane nemincane okungatholakala izimpendulo zayo eziqinile, ebalekela inkimbinkimbi yeqiniso elingokomlando iye endaweni evikelekile yaselabhorethri noma izehlakalo ezingandile izivivinyo ezilinganayo umhlaba wezenhlalo okufanele uzinikeze. Izazi eziphathelene nezinqubo zomlando omningi ezilokotha ziqhathanise ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zithola kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthethelela umzamo wazo.”

Ijaji lihlanganyela ngokugxila kuka-Wimmer mayelana nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha futhi, ngokukhetha umsebenzi wakhe, libonisa ukusekela kwalo ucwaningo olukhulu lwezinqubo zomlando omkhulu.

U-Wimmer uthi:

“Kuyilungelo elikhulu ukuklonyeliswa ngomklomelo oqanjwe ngo-Stein Rokkan, osalokhu eyisibonelo sokuthi ungaba nesibindi sokuqhathanisa nepolitiki ehlukahlukene kanye nezikhathi eziningi”.

Indondo evela kubahluleli bomklomelo

Ingxabano ka-Wimmer iyonke iwukuthi ucwaningo lokwakha isizwe ludinga 'ithiyori yobudlelwano nezindlela ezitholakalayo.' Ingxenye yokuqala yencwadi yakhe ikhombisa ukuthi izinqubo ezihamba kancane nezikhiqizayo zilolonga kanjani ukuthuthukiswa komlando kumapheya amathathu amacala ezwe. Engxenyeni yesibili, u-Wimmer uqhuba ukuhlaziya kwezibalo kudatha yezinga lezwe, okubonisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwesizwe cishe kungaphumelela uma abahlonishwa bombuso benamandla nengqalasizinda okuvikela izimpahla zomphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela babe abalingani abakhangayo bezakhamuzi.

Esebenzisa izinhlolovo ezihlanganisa amazwe angu-123 futhi ezimele cishe amaphesenti angama-92 abantu bomhlaba, u-Wimmer uphikisa ngokuthi amandla ezombusazwe nokumelwa kubaluleke kakhulu kunobukhulu bezibalo zabantu abambalwa nezinhlanga lapho echaza ukuthi yibaphi abantu abaziqhenya kakhulu ngezwe labo. Ngokuhlaziywa kwamazinga amaningi, u-Wimmer ukhombisa ukuthi ukuziqhenya kwezwe kulandela ukufakwa kwezepolitiki.

Ukwakhiwa Kwesizwe iyincwadi enamandla, enesibindi futhi ekholisayo. U-Wimmer wethula izimangalo eziqinile zethiyori futhi ahlanganise izindlela ezahlukene, asekele izimangalo zakhe ngohlu lwedatha oluthatha amakhulu eminyaka kanye namazwe amaningi.

Uphethe ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezilimi, ukusabalala kwezinhlangano zomphakathi, namandla ezifunda zokuhlinzeka ngempahla yomphakathi ezakhamuzini zawo kuyizici ezibalulekile ekwakheni izizwe. Lawa makhono ngokwawo awumkhiqizo wezimpawu zezindawo ezivumayo kanye nezandulela zomlando nezomlando.

Ithiyori ye-'tectonic' ka-Wimmer yokwakhiwa kwesizwe ngaleyo ndlela iphinde ixwayise ngombono wesikhathi esifushane wokuthi usekela kanjani amazwe ahlulekile, avame kakhulu kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle yangaleso sikhathi. Nakuba inkambiso yomhlaba wonke ebheke ekufakweni kuzwelonke muhle, amanye amazwe asabambekile embuthanweni ononya, abonakala engakwazi ukuthola noma yikuphi ukudonsela ekwakhiweni kwesizwe, futhi ukukhuthazwa kwentando yeningi mancane amathuba okuba kulungise lokhu.

Incwadi ka-Andreas Wimmer iphawula umnikelo obalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu amafa omlando, imiphakathi eyahlukene, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezwe ekwakhiweni okuqinile nokuphumelelayo kwezizwe.

2019 Stein Rokkan Prize Jury amalungu

• Giliberto Capano, Inyuvesi yase-Bologna (uSihlalo)
• Dorothee Bohle, I-Central European University, eBudapest
• Gunnar Grendstad, I-University of Bergen
• Hanspeter Kriesi, I-European University Institute, eFlorence
• Marina Costa Lobo, Inyuvesi yaseLisbon

Amalungu e-Jury abevumelana ngazwi linye ekukhetheni owinile, kodwa afisa ukukhuluma ngokuhloniphekile kwamanye amagama amabili anamandla:

• Alisha C. Holland, Ukubekezela Njengokusabalalisa Kabusha: Ipolitiki Yezenhlalakahle Engakahleleki eLatin America, Cambridge University Press, 2017
• U-Anna K. Boucher noJustin Gest, I-Crossroads: Izimiso Zokuthuthela Ezizweni Eziqhathaniswayo Emhlabeni Wokushintsha Kwesibalo Sabantu, Cambridge University Press, 2019

Umklomelo kaStein Rokkan Wokucwaninga Ngesayensi Yezenhlalakahle wethulwa yi-International Science Council (ISC), iNyuvesi yaseBergen, eNorway, kanye ne-European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR). Umklomelo wasungulwa yi-International Social Science Council ngo-1981 ukugubha ifa likaStein Rokkan. UStein Rokkan wayeyingqalabutho yocwaningo lwesayensi yezombangazwe nenhlalo, edume ngomsebenzi wakhe oyingqopha-mlando kuzwelonke kanye nentando yeningi. Umcwaningi okhaliphile kanye noprofesa eNyuvesi yaseBergen lapho echithe khona ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wakhe, u-Rokkan wayengumongameli we-ISSC, futhi engomunye wabasunguli be-ECPR. Umklomelo uphethwe yi-ECPR futhi usekelwa ngokukhululekile yiNyuvesi yaseBergen.

Uhlu olugcwele lwabawine imiklomelo edlule luyatholakala ku Iwebhusayithi ye-ECPR.