I-Open Science round up: Ukucabanga kabusha ukuhlolwa kocwaningo nokuvuselela ukuzibophezela komhlaba wonke ekuvulelekeni

Mayelana umbhali: Sal Umculo

U-Sal Music uchwepheshe wezokuxhumana oneminyaka engu-24+ yesipiliyoni. Njengamanje, u-Sal uyiNhloko yoMnyango Wokusabalalisa Nokuxhumana e-International Consortium of Research Staff Associations (I-ICORSA).

Ukuhlola kabusha ucwaningo: Imiphumela esemqoka evela kuphrojekthi ye-OPUS

Ingqungquthela Yokugcina ye-OPUS, eyabanjwa ngoJulayi 2025 e-International Institute of Educational Planning ye-UNESCO, yaphawula ingqophamlando ebalulekile ukulungisa kabusha ikusasa lokuhlola ucwaningo kulo lonke elaseYurophu nangale kwayo.

Uhambo lwe-OPUS lwaqala ngombuzo olula: Singayikhuthaza kanjani futhi siyivuze kanjani isayensi evulekile? Nokho, i I-OPUS Consortium ngokushesha babona ukuthi imisebenzi yesayensi evulekile ayinakuhlukaniswa kweminye imizamo yocwaningo. Abacwaningi abalokothi bahlanganyele kuphela kwisayensi evulekile, futhi akufanele bahlolwe kuphela kuleyo misebenzi.  

Emnyombweni womnikelo we-The Open and Universal Science (OPUS) ume Uhlaka Lokuhlola Umcwaningi (RAF) – ithuluzi elakhelwe ukwenza bona futhi umvuzo inqwaba yeminikelo yezifundo.

The I-OPUS Framework ihlonza izizinda ezine ezibalulekile zomsebenzi:

1. Ucwaningo (iziphakamiso, ukuphathwa kwedatha, isofthiwe, ukushicilela);
2. Imfundo (ukuthuthukiswa kwezifundo, ukufundisa, ukugadwa);
3. Ubuholi (izindima zokuphatha, ukubamba iqhaza kwekomiti);
4. I-Valorization (ukuxhumana kwesayensi, ukubandakanya imboni, ukuhweba).

Uhlaka luphinde luhlanganise nesethi ethile yezinkomba zokukhuthaza nokuklomelisa isayensi evulekile, ehlanganiswe ku-Open Science Career Assessment Matrix (OSCAM2) ezinikele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlukanisa i-OPUS Framework ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokwakheka okuguquguqukayo. Isebenza kuwo wonke amazwe, imikhakha, nezinhlobo zenhlangano, iyahlinzeka nezimo izinkomba, esikhundleni samamethrikhi aqinile. Izinhlangano zingakhetha, zicwenge, zihlanganise, noma zihlukanise izinkomba njengoba kudingeka. 

Isibonelo, inkomba "yokushicilelwa" engxenyeni yohlaka yokuqinisekisa ingase ihlanganise ukuphrinta kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana, futhi "ukubonakala" kungaba ngokomzimba noma kwedijithali, kusukela ezingxoxweni nezinkomfa kuya kuma-workshops nokurekhodwa. Lokhu kuvumela izikhungo ukuthi khetha futhi ucwenge izinkomba ngokusekelwe kuzimo zazo ezihlukile futhi uzisebenzise ngobuningi noma ngekhwalithi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlaka luyabona ukuthi abacwaningi bangase babe semazingeni ahlukene emisebenzini yabo futhi bahlanganyele ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemisebenzi yocwaningo. Ngakho-ke izinkomba ziyahlukaniswa ezinqubweni, emiphumeleni, kanye nemiphumela yokuthwebula ukuthi abacwaningi bangenza umsebenzi (inqubo), bakhiqize umphumela obambekayo (ophumayo), noma bazuze imiphumela yesikhathi esifushane ukuya kweliphakathi. 

Ekugcineni, Uhlaka idlulela ngale kwezinkomba ezisuselwe ekuphumeni njengezibalo zokushicilela, izici zomthelela wejenali, nama-h-indices ukuze kuhlanganiswe imvelo ehlukahlukene yomsebenzi wezemfundo.

Kodwa ithiyori isho okuncane ngaphandle kokuqaliswa, futhi Uhlelo lomshayeli we-OPUS wethule ubufakazi obuqand' ikhanda bokuthi uguquko lwesikhungo luyafezeka. Kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezinhlanu ezibambe iqhaza - ezintathu ezenza ucwaningo nezimbili ezixhasa ucwaningo - Uhlaka lwasetshenziswa ukuze kubuyekezwe indlela yokuphromotha, kuhlanganiswe izinkomba zesayensi evulekile ezinqubweni zokuhlola, nokuqeqesha ababuyekezi ekuhloleni okufanele. Laba bashayeli bezindiza babonise ukuthi ngokuzibophezela kobuholi kanye nokwesekwa okuhambisanayo, kungenzeka ukudlulela ngalé kwamamethrikhi asekelwe ekushicilelweni uye ezindleleni zokuhlola eziphelele nezivulekile. 

Nokho, ukumelana kwamasiko kusuka abacwaningi, ababambiqhaza, Futhi abenzi bezinqubomgomo babonakale bebalulekile, ikakhulukazi lapho imisebenzi yesayensi evulekile ibonwa njengomsebenzi owengeziwe onqanyuliwe emsebenzini wansuku zonke. Izinhlelo eziyimpumelelo zabhekana nalolu daba ngokubonisa ngokucacile izinzuzo, zinikeze ukwesekwa okubambekayo, ukuqaphela iminikelo, nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi ehlobene nezinhlaka zokuqhubeka nomsebenzi. Ngempela, enye inselele ikhombe ukugcina kusenesikhathi-abacwaningi bemisebenzi, ngenxa yokungaqini kwezinkontileka, yagqamisa isidingo sezindlela ezizinzile zemisebenzi ehambisana nezinguquko zokuhlola.

Iphrojekthi ye-OPUS ine Esungulwe ngaphezu kwezinhlaka nemihlahlandlela; yona idale umphakathi wokuzibophezela ozinikele ekuguqulweni kokuhlola ucwaningo. Indlela eya phambili idinga ukubambisana emazingeni amaningi: ubuholi besikhungo kumele buhlinzeke ngezinsiza kanye nokuhlonishwa; ama-ejensi kazwelonke kufanele ahambisane nemigomo yesayensi evulekile; futhi izinhlaka kufanele zisekele esikhundleni sokuthwalisa kanzima abacwaningi asebesebenze ngokweqile. Nokho, i-OPUS ikhombisa ukuthi ngisho nezinyathelo ezincane zingadala ushintsho olunengqondo.

Amasiko ezemfundo ashintsha kancane, kodwa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezicacile, imiphakathi ebambisene, nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo, ukuguqukela ekuhloleni ucwaningo olusobala, olunomthwalo wemfanelo, noluvuleleke ngempela kuyaqhubeka. Izinhlaka sezimi ngomumo; manje sekuza umsebenzi obalulekile wokuzishumeka ohlelweni lwesiko locwaningo!

Disclaimer
Ulwazi, imibono nezincomo ezivezwa kumabhulogi ethu ezivakashi ezabantu ngabanye, futhi azibonisi izindinganiso nezinkolelo zoMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe.

Thola imijikelezo yesayensi evulekile yesikhathi esizayo ngqo ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo - bhalisa manje.

Intuthuko yakamuva kwisayensi evulekile 

• Ibhodi Lokweluleka Ngesayensi likaNobhala-Jikelele we-UN likhipha Isitatimende Sesayensi Evulekile. Lesi sitatimende sifuna ukuba sobala okukhulu, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nokubandakanywa kwesayensi ukuze kuqiniswe ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo okunolwazi ngobufakazi futhi kunikeze amathuba amakhulu kososayensi emazweni asathuthuka. 

• Izikhulumi zifuna izinqubomgomo zesayensi ezivulekile ukuze kuqhutshwe ukuqanjwa kabusha kanye nokukhula komnotho e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Isayensi evulekile kumele yamukelwe njengomgqugquzeli wokukhula komnotho, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokubandakanya wonke umuntu, ngokusho kochwepheshe emhlanganweni wesine. I-OSCAR 2.0 IForamu Kazwelonke ebibanjelwe eNyuvesi yaseBotswana (UB) muva nje. Iphrojekthi ye-OSCAR 2.0 ihlose ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kwezemfundo nesayensi eZambia naseBotswana ngokuqinisa ingqalasizinda yedijithali kanye nokugqugquzela ukwamukelwa kwezimiso zesayensi evulekile izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ukuze zisekele ukuhlanganiswa kwesifunda kanye nokusebenzisana kocwaningo. 

• Kwethulwe uhlelo locwaningo lomhlaba ukuze kuthuthukiswe isayensi evulekile. Ukusebenzisana okusha kwamazwe ngamazwe, iGlobal Research Initiative on Open Science (GRIOS) kwamenyezelwa ngomhla zingama-24 kuSepthemba ukuze kuhlinzekelwe ukuhlanganisa okuphelele kanye nezincomo ezisekelwe ebufakazini zokuthuthukisa izinqubo zesayensi evulekile emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuzuze umphakathi kanye nocwaningo ngokwalo. 

• Amagebe okuxhaswa ngezimali amisa inqubekelaphambili yesayensi evulekile yase-Afrika. Ukusekelwa kwesayensi evulekile e-Afrika kudinga izinguquko eziphuthumayo, njengoba amanani aphezulu okushicilela kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali okuncane okungapheli kusongela ukuvala abacwaningi bezwekazi ekukhiqizweni kolwazi lomhlaba wonke, umhlangano ongokoqobo okwaxoxwa ngawo njengengxenye Yengqungquthela Yesayensi Ye-UN ngoSepthemba. 

• I-Barcelona Declaration kanye ne-OA2020 yethula iqembu elihlangene lokuxoxisana ngokuvuleka kwemethadatha yokushicilela. Lo Mbuthano Womsebenzi Ohlanganyelwe umele isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni imizamo yokuletha obala okwengeziwe imethadatha yokushicilelwa kwezazi; ingxenye ebalulekile ye-ecosystem yocwaningo enobulungisa, ebandakanyayo, nevuleleke ngempela. 

• I-Principles of Open Scholarly Infrastructure (POSI) 2.0 ikhishwe. I-POSI 2.0, ekhishwe ngo-Okthoba 2025, ibuyekeza uhlaka oluqhutshwa umphakathi lwezingqalasizinda zocwaningo ezisimeme, ezisobala, nezithembekile - isiqondiso esiqinisayo mayelana nokubusa, ukusimama kwezezimali, izinqubo zemithombo evulekile, ukuphathwa kwedatha, nokuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside. 

• Ongqongqoshe be-G20 bazibophezela ekubambisaneni kwesayensi yomhlaba wonke. NgoMandulo wezi-2025, emhlanganweni woNgqongqoshe be-G20 Bocwaningo, Isayensi Nokusungula eTshwane (eNingizimu Afrika), ongqongqoshe bamukela iPhakheji yaseTshwane, egcizelela isayensi evulekile, ukwabelana ngedatha, nokusebenzisana namazwe ngamazwe. 

• Ukushicilela kwezemfundo kudinga 'ushintsho olukhulu,' kuphetha umbiko wabezindaba weCambridge. Umbiko omusha ovela eCambridge University Press, okhishwe ngo-Okthoba, ufuna “kugxilwe kabusha futhi kuthathwe isinyathelo esihlangene” ukuze kusetshenziswe izindlela ezintsha futhi kuvikelwe ikusasa lokushicilela ngokwesayensi. 

Kumele kufundwe kwisayensi evulekile 

• 'Shicilela noma ubhubhe' izingcindezi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zilolonga ukushicilelwa kwesayensi, kube ngcono nokubi 

• Yenza ukushicilela kwezemfundo kube okujwayelekile, hhayi imakethe 

• Umthelela wezomnotho wesayensi evulekile: ukubuyekezwa kwesikophu 

• Imibono Emihlanu Yesimo Sesayensi Evulekile e-Afrika 

• Kusukela ekuqalisweni kuya esenzweni: ukusebenzisa umhlahlandlela wezinqubomgomo zedatha yesayensi evulekile ye-UNESCO yezinkinga 

• Ukusebenzela ekuxhumaneni okunobulungiswa kwezazi zomhlaba 

• Ukuchaza kabusha ukushicilela: kungani sidlulela ngale kwe-athikili 

• Ubani okufanele alawule ukufinyelela okuvulekile, izimakethe noma ama-commons? 

• Iphepha elimhlophe lokuguqula ukuhlolwa kocwaningo lwekusasa lesayensi yedijithali ne-AI 

• Ukuvula Ulwazi – Kungani Ikusasa Le-Afrika Lincike Kusayensi Evulekile 

Vula imicimbi yesayensi namathuba 

• Izisekelo Zesayensi Evulekile: Imiqondo, Izimiso, kanye Nokusebenza Kwesifunda – 5-6 November, Cairo, Egypt 

• Izinsuku zeSayensi Evulekile ye-Max Planck Digital - 10-11 Novemba, hybrid 

• I-Geneva Workshop on Innovations in Scholarly Communications (OAI14) – 10-14 Novemba, Geneva, Switzerland 

• Ukuvula Ucwaningo Lokuhlola – 12-13 Novemba, Pisa, Italy 

• I-RDA Engqungqutheleni Yonyaka YaseYurophu – 18 November, hybrid 

• Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing – 18-20 Novemba, Tromsø, Norway 

• Ingqungquthela Yezinga Eliphezulu Ye-EU Yokulungisa Ukuhlola Ucwaningo - 3-4 Disemba, Copenhagen, Denmark 

• Umcimbi oseceleni we-DORA: Ukwakha Ngokuhlanganyela Umhlahlandlela Wabaxhasi Bokuhlolwa Kwezibophezelo Zocwaningo - 2 Disemba 

• Shayela Abazongenela I-CoARA Steering Board 2025 – Faka isicelo ungakadluli umhla ziyi-12 kuLwezi 

• Ibhodi Lokweluleka Ngezemfundo Lokuqala Kocwaningo Lwembulunga yonke ku-Open Science (GRIOS): Shayela Izicelo – Faka isicelo zingama-26 kuLwezi 

• Yiba nezwi lakho ngoMthetho we-European Research Area (ERA). - Ukubonisana nababambiqhaza bomphakathi kuvulwe kuze kube umhla zi-5 kuMasingana wezi-2025  

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