France, Académie des Sciences

I-Académie des sciences yasungulwa okokuqala nguLouis XIV ngo-1666 njengeRoyal Academy of Sciences. Lesi kwakuyindikimba eqashiwe emele izikhulu zesayensi ezachuma kwaze kwaba nezinxushunxushu zeNguquko. Ukucindezelwa kwazo zonke izikole zasebukhosini ngo-1793 kwaqeda lesi sikhathi. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwempilo yezemfundo nesayensi kwaqala futhi ngo-1795 ngokusungulwa kwesikhungo esisodwa: "Institut de France". Lokhu kwahlanganisa “amakilasi” asele e-Royal Academies of Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, ayekade ehlakaziwe. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Institut de France, amakilasi esayensi nezinye iziyalo ezintathu aphinde athola isimo sawo sokuqala njengeZikhungo ngo-1816. Khonamanjalo, uNapoleon I - owakhethwa ngo-1797 njengoNapoleon Bonaparte, i-artillery general, esigabeni se-Institut's mechanical arts - wasungula indawo ye-Institute de Academies ngemuva kwe-1832fies yase-France, kuhlanganise ne-1805fies yayo de l'Institut, ikolishi langaphambili lasebukhosini, ngo-XNUMX.

I-Academy iyindikimba emisiwe ezinikele ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Ivame ukushicilela (ngesiFulentshi nangesiNgisi) uchungechunge oluyisikhombisa lwejenali yemisebenzi eminingi les comptes-rendus de l'Académie des sciences ehlanganisa imiphumela emisha ebalulekile kuMathematics, Earth and Planetary sciences, Mechanics, Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry and Life sciences.

I-French Academy of Sciences ikhuthaza, isekela futhi ivikele umoya wocwaningo lwesayensi. Ibamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo, ekusatshalalisweni kwesayensi eFrance nakwamanye amazwe, futhi ihola ekucabangeni ezindabeni zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo zezepolitiki, zokuziphatha kanye nezenhlalo.

Ivame ukushicilela uchungechunge oluyisikhombisa lwejenali yemikhakha eminingi i-Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences ngesiFulentshi nesiNgisi. Ijenali ihlanganisa imiphumela emisha ebalulekile kusayensi yezibalo, umhlaba neplanethi, i-mechanics, i-physics, i-astronomy, ikhemistri nesayensi yempilo. Muva nje, uchungechunge olusha olubizwa ngokuthi i-Vie des Sciences lwethulwe ukuthuthukisa inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwemikhakha yesayensi eyahlukene kanye nabasebenzi.

I-Academy inamalungu aphelele angama-305, amalungu ahambisanayo angama-57, kanye namalungu angaphandle ayi-112 ahlobene nawo. Ukuphatha kwayo kuhlanganisa umongameli, okhethiwe kanye nomongameli odlule, onobhala ababili baphakade kanye namasekela-mongameli angu-3, ​​namathimba obudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe, imfundo kanye nokuxhumana. I-Academy ijabulela ubudlelwano obuseduze nezinye Izikhungo ze-“Institut de France”, kanye ne-National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF), i-National Academy of Medicine, kanye ne-Academy of Agriculture.

Isithombe ngu-Cassanas