Background
Ukuthuthukisa isayensi njengento enhle yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke kuncike ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inqubo yesayensi ithembekile nokuthi isayensi isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezikhululekile, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, ezilinganayo, nezibandakanya wonke umuntu, ososayensi befaka isandla ngenkuthalo enkulumweni yomphakathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intuthuko esheshayo njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-biology yokwenziwa iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kanye nezingozi ezinkulu, kuyilapho i-AI ishintsha indlela ulwazi olukhiqizwa futhi lubikwa ngayo kanti umkhakha ozimele udlala indima ekhulayo ekutholeni nasekusebenziseni isayensi.
Izimiso zenkululeko kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo zifakwe ku-ISC Statutes futhi ziyaphuthuma kakhulu phakathi kokungabaza okwandayo, ulwazi olungelona iqiniso, kanye nokuncipha kokwethembana ezikhungweni, kanye nezingcindezi zezepolitiki nezomnotho ezingavimbela inkululeko yesayensi kanye nokuzimela kophenyo.
Kulesi simo esishintshayo, ukuma okuzinikele IKomidi Lenkululeko Nokuzibophezela Kwesayensi (CFRS) isebenza ekuxhumaneni kwesayensi namalungelo abantu ukuvikela nokusekela lezi zimiso.
Izimiso ze-ISC zeNkululeko kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo kwezesayensi
Izimiso zenkululeko nokuzibophezela kwezesayensi zibeka inkululeko ososayensi okufanele bayijabulele, kanye nezibopho abanazo.
i. Inkululeko yokuthola imfundo yesayensi, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokweluleka
Isigaba 26 se Isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu ithi “wonke umuntu unelungelo lemfundo.” I-ISC iyakuqinisekisa ukuthi leli lungelo lisebenza emfundweni yesayensi, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokweluleka.
ii. Inkululeko yokubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni ulwazi
- Le nkululeko kufanele isekelwe ukufinyelela ngokulinganayo olwazini olukhona, ulwazi, idatha kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwale nkululeko kukhombisa inkululeko yokuhamba, ukuhlangana, ukuxhumana, nokukhuluma.
- Mayelana nenkululeko yokuhamba, i-ISC iqinisekisa ukuthi labo abasemthethweni ngaphakathi kwezwe kufanele bakhululeke ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwezwe futhi bakhululeke ukuphuma ezweni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ikakhulukazi mayelana nenhloso yokukhiqiza ulwazi, yonke imizamo efanele kufanele yenziwe ukunciphisa imigoqo yenkululeko yokuhamba phakathi kwamazwe.
iii. Inkululeko yokuthuthukisa nokuxhumana nesayensi ukuze kuzuze isintu, ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila, imvelo, iplanethi, nangale kwalokho.
- Le nkululeko ihloselwe ukuhlanganisa ukuzibophezela ekuzuzweni komphakathi, okwehlukile ezithakazelweni zomphakathi. Ubuhle bomphakathi yilokho okukhuthaza inhlalakahle yabo bonke -- abantu, izilwane ezingezona abantu, kanye nemvelo.
- Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwale nkululeko kuhloswe ngakho ukukhuthaza ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nobulungiswa bezizukulwane.
iv. Isibopho sokuthuthukisa isayensi ngezindlela ezilinganayo futhi ezibandakanya ukuhlukahluka kwabantu
- Kubalulekile ukugwema, nokuvimbela, ukucwasa kwesayensi okusekelwe emibonweni yobuhlanga, ubuwena bohlanga, ubuzwe, ubuzwe, ubulili, ubunikazi bobulili, ukukhetha ubulili, ukukhubazeka, ubudala, izinkolelo zenkolo, noma okunye ubulungu beqembu lomphakathi.
- Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukukhuthaza ukulunga, ukulingana, nokwabelana ngenzuzo kusayensi.
v. Isibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi amadizayini ocwaningo ahlangabezana namazinga okusebenza kwesayensi futhi anelise inkambiso yokuziphatha emisiwe.
- Isayensi kufanele iqine ngokwezinga lobufakazi obukhiqizwayo, ingabi nokungqubuzana kwezithakazelo, futhi ikhululeke ekukhohlisweni noma ekungathembekeni kwedatha noma okutholiwe.
- I-Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights ikhuluma ngokukhathazeka ngobudlelwano phakathi kwezimiso zokuziphatha, isayensi kanye nenkululeko. Lesi ireferensi enengqondo yezimiso zokuziphatha ezimisiwe.
vi. Isibopho sokwabelana ngolwazi lwesayensi olunembile olukhiqizwa ngezindlela zetiyori, zokubuka, zokuhlola, nezokuhlaziya.
Ukwethenjwa kwesayensi kuncike ekusatshalalisweni okusebenzayo kolwazi lwesayensi nokutholwe kocwaningo (kokubili imiphumela emihle nemibi) kontanga, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nemiphakathi.
vii. Isibopho sokufaka isandla ekulawulweni kwesayensi okusebenzayo nokunesimilo
Ngokufanelekile, ososayensi (okuhlanganisa izisebenzi zocwaningo nabaqeqeshwayo), ohulumeni kazwelonke, izikhungo zocwaningo, izindikimba ezixhasa ngezimali, izindikimba ezilawulayo nezokwengamela, amakomiti okubuyekeza, abashicileli nabahleli, izikhungo zokubeka izindinganiso, kanye nothisha kulindeleke ukuthi:
- Faka isandla kumathuluzi okuphatha asebenzayo, izikhungo, nezinqubo.
- Dala indawo evumela ukuziphatha okukhululekile nokubophezeleka kwesayensi.
- Yethula izinqubo ezinobulungiswa zokubika okuyimfihlo kanye nophenyo lwesayensi engenzeka engekho emthethweni, engalungile, noma engaphephile.
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Uhulumeni waseNew Zealand uye wasekela i-CFRS kusukela ngo-2016. Lokhu kusekelwa kwavuselelwa ngomusa ngo-2025, noMnyango Wezamabhizinisi, Ukuqamba kanye Nokuqashwa, usekela i-CFRS ngoMeluleki Okhethekile we-CFRS u-Gustav Kessel, ozinze eRoyal Society Te Apārangi, kanye noDkt Roger Ridley. , Umqondisi Wezeluleko Nomkhuba Wochwepheshe, Inhlangano Yasebukhosini Te Apārangi.