“Awukwazi ukuvele ungene ezintweni ezivuselelekayo bese ukubiza ngesixazululo esimeme”

Imiphumela ngokubuka nje

• Le phrojekthi isebenzise izindlela zokuqhathanisa nokubamba iqhaza ukuze ihlole ukuthi izimo zesikhungo nezenhlalo-masiko zinethonya kanjani imibono yezinguquko ekusimameni.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwezindlela zase-US, zamaNdiya kanye nezaseJalimane kwembula ukuthi izindlela zokuphila nesiko lezingxoxo zezepolitiki zibaluleke kakhulu ekutheni umkhankaso wokuguqula uqalwa kanjani futhi uthathwa kanjani, kanjani futhi kangakanani.
• Umsebenzi ufaka isandla ocwaningweni nasekufundeni ngokukhuthaza ukuqhathanisa kweNyakatho neNingizimu ne-cross-temporal kanye nocwaningo oludidiyelwe mayelana nenhlalo kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zezinguquko.
• Lo msebenzi wawubandakanya ukusebenzisana eduze nemiphakathi eyahlukene kanye nabalingani bezemfundo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela uvumele ukuxhumana okubanzi kwamanye amazwe ngemibono ye-T2S.
• Imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi e-India, ngokwesibonelo, yenza izakhamuzi zendawo, ezazizizwe zingakhulumi futhi zingenalo ulwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zenqubomgomo, ukuze ziveze imibono yazo kanye nemibono yazo mayelana nezinguquko ezisimeme emiphakathini yazo.

E-India, amandla elanga ayimboni ethuthuka ngokushesha: izwe lafaka ivolumu yomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2022. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi u-70% wamandla e-India avela emalahleni, lokho ekuqaleni kungase kuzwakale njengezindaba ezinhle kulabo abakhathazekile ngesimo sezulu. ushintsho.

Kodwa inqubo yokufaka izitshalo ezinkulu zamandla elanga ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ikhathaza imiphakathi eminingi nezishoshovu, njengoba ivame ukwenziwa ngezindlela ezingenantando yeningi nezilimaza imvelo. Esigodini saseMikir Bamuni Grant e-Assam, ngokwesibonelo, kwakunomhlaba ovundile ethathwe ngenkani kubalimi yinkampani evuselelekayo ngo-2021 ukuze kusungulwe isikhungo sokuphehla amandla elanga. Ukudliwa komhlaba kanye nokuchithwa kwakwesekwa amaphoyisa endawo kanye neziphathimandla zesifunda; abantu bakule ndawo ababephikisa babeboshwa futhi bagqunywe ejele. Ku ezinye izifundazwe ezifana Karnataka, abalimi baye baqashisa umhlaba wabo ngokwesikhashana ezinkampanini zezitshalo zelanga, base bethola umhlaba usususiwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezici zemvelo: ngaleyo ndlela, kucekela phansi amandla awo okukhiqiza ukudla esikhathini esizayo. Le miphakathi ayinawo amakhono okushintshela kwezinye izinhlobo zokuziphilisa, kanti amapaki elanga anikeze abantu bendawo imisebenzi embalwa kakhulu.

“Kunalo mqondo wokuthi ungathatha izinto ezivuselelekayo, uzifake endaweni yokungcolisa, imithombo ekhipha igesi ebamba ukushisa, bese sisekhaya sikhululekile,” kusho uSheila Jasanoff, uPforzheimer uSolwazi weSayensi nobuChwepheshe eHarvard University. – kanye nomphenyi oyinhloko kuphrojekthi esanda kuphothulwa yeminyaka emithathu exhaswe uhlelo lweTransformation to Sustainability (T2S) lweBelmont Forum, inethiwekhi ye-NORFACE, kanye noMkhandlu Wesayensi Yamazwe Ngamazwe, obizwa nge-Governance of Sociotechnical Transformations (GoST), lapho abacwaningi baseJalimane, e-India, eKenya, e-UK nase-USA bafunde ipolitiki yezinguquko ukuze kube nokusimama emikhakheni emithathu – amandla, ukudla, kanye nokufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni. “Kodwa empeleni ukhuluma ngobuchwepheshe bona ngokwabo obunomphumela wokusuka ku-cradle to-grave: ungenza ulwandle lwamaphaneli elanga, kodwa uzowagcina kanjani ehlanzekile? Uzobhekana kanjani nokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nokulahlwa kwawo ekugcineni? Le mibuzo - ejwayele izazi zezemvelo - ayibuzwanga ngendlela ehlelekile endabeni yoguquko noguquko."

Ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwe-techno: ukwandisa insimu

Indaba yelanga iwuchungechunge lwenselelo ebanzi: ukuthambekela phakathi kwabenzi bezinqumo ekuboneni ngeso lengqondo uguquko oluya ekusimameni njengezinqubo zobuchwepheshe kuphela - ngokulahlekelwa ubukhulu babo bezepolitiki, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo, nefilosofi. “Sonke siyazi ukuthi izinselelo zokusimama, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziwuhlangothi lwezepolitiki noma lwezemvelo, ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokujulile futhi aziqiniseki ngokujulile,” kusho u-Andy Stirling, uprofesa wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe eNyuvesi yaseSussex kanye nomunye umphenyi oyinhloko weGoST. “Ukube bebengekho ngabe kade safika khona. Kepha ngandlela thize kukhona le ngcindezi yokwenza sengathi ukusimama kuyinhloso eyodwa, elula, yezobuchwepheshe. "

Kuyisizathu esiqondakalayo esihehayo. Uguquko oluqhutshwa yitheknoloji ukuze kube nokusimama lungacatshangwa kalula ezikalini eziningi kusetshenziswa amasu okumodela esayensi, futhi kubonakala sengathi abenzi izimfuno eziphezulu kubantu ngabanye ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila (njengokundiza kancane noma ukudla inyama encane). "Bangabekwa ngolimi olungathathi hlangothi kwezombusazwe, njengoba kudingekile futhi kungenakugwenywa, ngakho-ke kungenakwenzeka ukuphikisana, futhi bathweswe izithembiso zekusasa elingcono nelichumayo, njengamandla (amandla), ukuhamba (amadolobha ahlakaniphile), noma isivuno (ezolimo),” kusho uSilke Beck, umholi wephrojekthi kanye noSolwazi weSociology of Science and Technology eTU Munich. Iphrojekthi ye-GoST, nokho, yagqamisa ngempumelelo ukuthi izinguquko ezinjalo azikaze, empeleni, zingathathi hlangothi kwezepolitiki.

Isibonelo, abacwaningi bathola ngokuqhathanisa kwesikhathi eside kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuvuselelwa kwezikhali zenuzi', okuklanywe njengesu elinengqondo kuphothifoliyo yesenzo sesimo sezulu, kwenza umqondo omncane osebenzayo uma kubhekwa izindleko ezingezinhle, izikhathi zokwakha, kanye nezinye izici zokusebenza, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho zamandla avuselelekayo. Kunalokho, njengoba i-GoST yagqamisa ngokokuqala ngqa ezincwadini ezibuyekezwe ngontanga, “amandla okushayela angempela empeleni angamasosha amaningi kakhulu - ikakhulukazi, izingcindezi [zamanye] amazwe ahlome ngezikhali zenuzi ukuze kugcinwe amandla ezimboni zikazwelonke zokwakha nokusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi. - imikhumbi-ngwenya eqhutshwayo.” Ngaphezu kokucatshangelwa kwamandla noma isimo sezulu, okusebenzayo lapha ukuheha okuphoqayo kobukoloni okunikezwa isimo sezikhali zenuzi “sesihlalo esiphezulu setafula lamazwe ngamazwe”.

Isithombe: o1559kip.

Indlela ye-GoST: imibono yenguquko

Uma kubhekwa ukulinganiselwa kokulandisa kwe-T2S okuvelele, iphrojekthi ye-GoST ibheke isihloko ngendlela ehlukile. Le phrojekthi yagcona ezinye zezindlela imiphakathi eyakha ngayo imibono yayo yekusasa elisimeme, futhi yahlola ukuthi izindlela ezehlukene zokwenza lokho zingasiza yini ukuzuza uguquko olusimeme. Kwethenjwa ukuthi lolu lwazi manje lungasiza abenzi benqubomgomo ukuthi bathuthukise izindlela ezisebenza kahle nezilinganayo zokubusa uguquko ukuze kube nokusimama. Le phrojekthi isebenzise uhlaka lwe-'socio-technical imaginaries' (STI) ukuze ithwebule ubukhulu kanye nesikhashana sezinguquko ekusimameni kanye nokudalula izindaba zokuphatha ezifanele. Isebenze ngombono 'we-co-productionist' ocabangela indlela ulwazi olukhiqizwa ngayo ngokuhlanganyela phakathi kwesayensi, ubuchwepheshe nezombusazwe, futhi yasebenzisa indlela yokuqhathanisa ukuze isize abacwaningi baqonde ukuthi kungani futhi kungani umongo ubalulekile ekuguquleleni ukusimama.

“Sibheka umbono woguquko njengalokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'umcabango': okusho ukuthi, umbono obanjwe ngokuhlanganyela wokuthi ikusasa lingabukeka kanjani," kusho u-Jasanoff. “Indlela noma yimuphi umphakathi ocabanga ngayo ngekusasa lawo, kuhlanganise nekusasa lawo lendawo ezungezile, isekelwe ekuqondeni kwamasiko okujule kakhulu: ukuthi kuyini ukubusa; siyini isimo; yenzani; ihlobene kanjani nomphakathi; futhi iyini imithwalo yemfanelo yayo?” Njengengxenye yocwaningo, abahlanganyeli benze imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi emazweni amahlanu ephrojekthi, lapho ababambiqhaza - okuhlanganisa izikhulu zikahulumeni wasekhaya, imiphakathi ethintekayo futhi ethintekile uguquko lwezobuchwepheshe, ama-NGO, abezindaba, kanye nezifundiswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yocwaningo - bamenywa. ukuthola nokwabelana ngemibono yabo yekusasa elisimeme nelilungile kanye nezindlela zokuyifeza.

Izigcawu zokucobelelana ngolwazi bezigxile ezenzweni: "bekungekona nje ukukhiqiza ulwazi [kodwa] mayelana nokwakha umnyakazo obheke kuguquko lwangempela emikhakheni eyahlukene," kusho uJoel Onyango, oyi-CEO ye-African Researchers Consortium kanye nozakwabo ozinze eKenya ocwaningweni. . “Ngakho ukukwazi ukubiza amaseshini… kusho ukuthi siphinde sidale ithuba lokuthi ababambiqhaza abahlukene basebenzisane, kodwa futhi sifunde izici ezihlukene zemicabango nentuthuko.”

Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 udale uhlobo lokuhlola olungalindelekile, okuvumela ithimba labacwaningi be-GoST ukuthi libheke ngesikhathi sangempela izindaba eziningi zokuphatha ezisengozini yokuguqulwa kokusimama. Lapho ubhubhane luhlasela, ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke basheshe basebenzise uchungechunge lwezinyathelo izishoshovu zezemvelo ebezilokhu bezikhuthaza amashumi eminyaka, njengokuvinjelwa kokuhamba, imingcele yezindiza kanye nokuphoqelela ukuthembela ekudleni kwasendaweni. Ukuthobelana okulinganiselwe - kanye nezimpikiswano mayelana - nalezi zinyathelo emazweni acwaningiwe zibonisa ukuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi nomuzwa wobumbano wezakhamuzi kanye nekhono lombuso lokusungula nokuphoqelela izinyathelo ezivimbelayo.

Ngokuvamile, abantu bamukele ngisho neziyalezo eziphazamisayo ngesikhalazo esincane kulezo zimo zezwe noma zamazwe angaphansi lapho ukuxhumana komphakathi, noma ubumbano, kwase kunamandla kakade - njengaseJalimane, kusho u-Beck owayehola ucwaningo lwamacala aseJalimane. Icala lase-US, nokho, likhombisa ukuqina kokuphikiswa kwezinguquko zendlela yokuphila okugunyaziwe ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe, kanye nokuqhubeka nokumelana nokuphuthuma okugonyiwe kwenkinga yezempilo ngososayensi ababonwa (njengasesimo sezulu) njengabasebenza. i-ajenda yezombangazwe ekhululekile noma eqhubekayo, eboshelwe ekungeneleleni kombuso kakhulu kunalokho abantu baseMelika abaningi abakulungele ukukubekezelela.

iziphetho

Abacwaningi baphethe ngokuthi uguquko ekusimameni luzodinga izinhlobo zentando yeningi ezingaphezulu kakhulu, zokubamba iqhaza nezivulelekile zokuxoxisana kanye nokwenziwa kwezinqumo ngokuhlanganyela mayelana nezinkambiso, amanani kanye nekusasa elifiswayo, kunamanje ezindaweni ezifundwayo. “Isayensi nobuchwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kudingekile futhi akwanele,” kusho uStirling. "Uma sizozuza imiphakathi esimeme mayelana nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuzodingeka siphathe isimo sezombusazwe njengento ebalulekile - futhi sibe nentando yeningi ngakho."

Lokho kusho ukuthi izinguquko ocwaningweni oluqhubekayo, ukukhiqizwa kolwazi, nokufunda okuletha uguquko akufanele kubonwe njengamathuluzi okushintsha ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye kanye nezindinganiso zomphakathi ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo ezichazwe ngaphambilini ezifana ne-Paris Agreement noma Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme. Kunalokho, kusho u-Beck, uguquko ekuzinzeni ludinga ukuhlelwa kabusha njengendawo engase ibe nezingxabano ukuze kube nemibono engqubuzanayo yentuthuko esimeme ukuze kubhekwane futhi kuxoxisane. Ukucatshangelwa kabusha kwezinguquko ekusimameni kudinga futhi ukumema uhla olubanzi lwabalingisi bomphakathi (ngaphezu kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe) ukuze bacabange ngekusasa elifiselekayo futhi baklame izindlela nezindlela zokuhlangabezana nazo.

“Ingxenye yalokhu ilele ekuboneni amaphrojekthi afana nelethu hhayi nje njengezifundo zezemfundo, noma 'njengocwaningo oluguquguqukayo', kodwa njengobushoshovu," kusho u-Stirling. “Futhi lokho akusho ukuya endaweni ethile futhi uxoxe indaba ngenguquko kuleyo ndawo. Kusho ukubona ucwaningo njengengxenye yenhlangano yezenhlalo, hhayi njengososayensi abakhiqiza ulwazi.”

"Indima yomcabango ibaluleke kakhulu kunqubomgomo yomphakathi," kusho uJasanoff. "Futhi kugxilile kithi sonke, ithuba lokucabanga ukuthi kungaba yikusasa elihle." Lo mcabango akufanele ugxishwe emcabangweni wokukhula kanye nenqubekela phambili elandelanayo, kodwa kunalokho ugxile emibuzweni emayelana “nokuthi bungaba kanjani nobulungiswa obanele endleleni izinto ezisatshalaliswa ngayo - hhayi nje ingqikithi noma ukwanela kwezimpahla ngokwazo,” kusho yena.