Lesi siqeshana siyingxenye yochungechunge lwebhulogi lapho amalungu e-ISC's IKomidi Lenkululeko Nokuzibophezela Kwesayensi (i-CFRS) yabelana ngokucabanga kwayo mayelana ne Thembela kuSayensi ye-Nexus Yenqubomgomo umbiko, okhishwe ngemva komhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi obuhlelwe ngokubambisana yi-International Science Council (ISC) kanye ne-Joint Research Centre ye-European Commission, ngokubambisana noxhaso lwe-US National Science Foundation.
Umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi uhlanganise ochwepheshe ukuze bahlole ukuguquguquka okuyinkimbinkimbi kokwethenjwa kwesayensi ekwenziweni kwenqubomgomo futhi kucutshungulwe umbuzo obalulekile: ngokwezinga elingakanani ukwethemba isayensi ngenqubomgomo kungahlukaniswa emibuzweni ebanzi yokwethenjwa ezikhungweni zentando yeningi?
Mayelana umbhali: Heather Douglas unguSolwazi Ogcwele eMnyangweni Wefilosofi futhi uyilungu leQembu Lefilosofi Yesayensi Elibandakanyeka Emphakathini eMichigan State University. Uphinde abe yilungu leKomidi Lenkululeko Nomthwalo Wemfanelo Wezesayensi le-ISC.
Umbiko wakamuva we-ISC mayelana nokuthembela kwisayensi yenqubomgomo kufanele unconywe ngendlela yawo ecacile necophelelayo yokubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi esibonakalayo sesayensi nenqubomgomo. Lokhu kuphawula kuchaza kabanzi ngezihloko zezindinganiso kwisayensi kanye nezizathu zokuthembela kwezakhamuzi kwisayensi.
Okokuqala, kufanele silungise indlela esiyiqonda ngayo indima yezindinganiso zomphakathi nezokuziphatha ekuqiniseni ukwethenjwa komphakathi kwesayensi ngenqubomgomo. Izindinganiso zomphakathi nezokuziphatha zibalulekile ekuphathweni kwesayensi okunesibopho nokuphendulayo (isb. ekuqondiseni ukunaka kwesayensi ezinkingeni zomphakathi, ekwakheni izindlela ezamukelekayo ngokokuziphatha, nasekunqumeni ukuthi ubufakazi buyanele nini ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kolwazi lwesayensi). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye yokwethemba isayensi ukwethemba izahlulelo zomphakathi nezokuziphatha ezenziwe ekufuneni isayensi. Ososayensi bangakwazi futhi kufanele bavuleleke mayelana nezahlulelo zenani ezibumba (nakuba zinganqumi) umsebenzi wabo. Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi lokhu ngeke kunciphise ukwethenjwa komphakathi (uHicks noLobato, 2022). Esikhundleni salokho, kungenzeka kwenze umzamo wesayensi ube ngumuntu.
Ukuze izakhamuzi zinqume ukuthi, nokuthi zingayithemba kangakanani isayensi, zidinga izikhungo zesayensi ezithembekile kanye nososayensi abathembekile. Ingxenye yokwehluleka kwemfundo yesayensi yamanje ukuthi igxila kakhulu emiphumeleni yesayensi yangaphambilini hhayi ngokwanele ezinqubweni ezikhiqize leyo miphumela. Impikiswano ebucayi eqhubekayo kwisayensi, ukubaluleka kobufakazi kanye nendlela kulezo zingxoxo, kanye nezinqubo ezivulekile zokuxazulula kubalulekile ekuthembekeni—futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwethembeka—kokutholakele kwesayensi. Imfundo yesayensi idinga ukugxila kulezi zici zokwenza isayensi ukuze izakhamuzi zazi ukuthi yini okufanele ziyibheke lapho zinquma ukuthi umphakathi wesayensi uthembekile yini. Okungcono kakhulu, imfundo yesayensi izovumela abafundi ukuthi bahlanganyele ophenyweni lwesayensi lwangempela ukuze babasize baqonde ngokugcwele inqubo (njengoba kungenziwa ngisho nakubafundi bebanga lesibili).
Ukuqonda okunjalo komkhuba wesayensi—ukuzibandakanya okuqhubekayo kanye nempikiswano edingekayo—kungasiza ekukhiqizeni ukuthobeka okuyisisekelo okudingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe umuzwa “wokwenza ucwaningo lwakho”. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi zihlanganyele emiphakathini yokugxeka kanye nempikiswano ngendlela eqhubekayo edingekayo ukuze kube nobuchwepheshe besayensi. Ososayensi abathembekile bayahlanganyela emikhubeni enjalo yempikiswano yomphakathi, futhi leyo mpikiswano kufanele iboniswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ibonise ukwethembeka. Izikhungo zesayensi ezithembekile kanye nemiphakathi yilezo ezisekela imikhuba enjalo yempikiswano futhi zivimbele ukusabela okubonakalayo ekugxekweni kokuziphatha 'njengesidleke sezintuthwane nomuntu ohlaselayo' (ikhasi 20). Ukugxekwa kudinga impendulo enengqondo, hhayi amaqhinga okuzivikela.
Ngaphezu kokusekela nokubonisa impikiswano ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kolwazi oluhle lwesayensi, imiphakathi yesayensi kanye nezikhungo kudingeka zivulekele abantu abahlukahlukene kanye nemibono ukuze kube nethuba elikhulu lokucatshangelwa kwenani elidingekayo ukuze ubuchwepheshe obusabelayo bumelwe engxoxweni yesayensi (ikhasi 32). Okufanelekile, ngamunye wethu kufanele athembele ochwepheshe abenza izahlulelo ebesingazenza ukube besinabo ubuchwepheshe babo. Ukubonisa kokubili izindinganiso eziyingxenye yesayensi kanye nezingxoxo ezibalulekile kwesayensi kunikeza isisekelo esihle sokwethenjwa komphakathi.
Nokho, okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuvikelwa kwesayensi emandleni ezepolitiki. Abezombusazwe abazinikele emibonweni ethile akufanele bakwazi ukudlula okutholakele kwesayensi emibikweni yokweluleka. 'Ubufakazi obusekelwe enqubomgomo', lapho kuhlanekezelwa ukuqonda okunembile, kunciphisa kakhulu ukwethenjwa komphakathi. Nakuba abeluleki besayensi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi iseluleko sabo sibalulekile kubadlali bezepolitiki abelulekayo, lokho akusho ukuthi bakhiqiza iseluleko esiqondile futhi kuphela esifunwa abeluleki. Kungale ndlela abeluleki besayensi badinga ukuzimela kwabanye abeluleki babo.
Isayensi akufanele isetshenziswe njengesivikelo sezinqumo zezepolitiki. Uma siqaphela ukuthi isayensi ayinaphutha kanye nokubaluleka kwezindinganiso ekubumbeni isayensi, ulwazi lwesayensi alufakwa ezinsolweni zeqiniso ezingaguquki. Esikhundleni salokho, isayensi yenqubomgomo kufanele ibe ulwazi lwethu olutholakalayo olungcono kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi—okusho ukuthi lungase luphikiswe yizinto ezitholakele esikhathini esizayo, kungenzeka ukuthi luphuthelwe izici ezibalulekile zenkinga (inkinga yokuhlela), futhi akufanele lube yinto enquma izinqumo zezepolitiki, njengoba umbiko uphawula. Abezombusazwe kufanele bamukele iseluleko kodwa baqhubeke nokwenza izinqumo zabo, abazobhekana nazo ngokwezepolitiki. Ukucasha ngemuva kwesayensi—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isayensi ebonakalisa ngokunembile imibono yomphakathi wesayensi noma isayensi eyenzelwe ukusekela uhlelo oluthile—kufanele kube yinto esolisayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Okungaba kuhle kakhulu ukuthi isakhamuzi sikwethembe yisayensi evela esivumelwaneni esakhiwe kahle (ngemuva kwempikiswano ende phakathi kwemibono nemibono yesayensi ehlukahlukene). Ukuvumelana okunjalo kufanele futhi kubambe isahlulelo sochwepheshe esisekelwe ezindinganisweni zesakhamuzi, ngaleyo ndlela sibe nokwethenjelwa ngokuphelele—noma ngabe singaba namaphutha. Kungaba ngcono kakhulu esinakho ngaleso sikhathi.
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Ulwazi, imibono nezincomo ezivezwa kumabhulogi ethu ezivakashi ezabantu ngabanye, futhi azibonisi izindinganiso nezinkolelo zoMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe.
Funda kabanzi ngeNkululeko nokuzibophezela kwezesayensi 
Funda kabanzi mayelana Nelungelo Lokuhlanganyela Nokuzuza Kwesayensi Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-Embed science njengensika ye-multilateralism, umphakathi wesayensi womhlaba wonke utshela abantu abazongenela ukhetho lwe-UNSG Funda kabanzi ngeSayensi ku-ajenda: i-ISC iletha izwi lomphakathi wesayensi empikiswaneni yabazongenela ukhetho be-UNSG eGeneva Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-UHWB iqoka uSylvia Szabo njengoMqondisi Omkhulu omusha 