Umthelela wedatha kanye ne-AI ekukhiqizweni kwesayensi

Ababhali:

Barend Mons, uSolwazi Osethathe Umhlalaphansi waseLeiden University, iLungu leBhodi lesisekelo se-GO FAIR kanye noMqondisi we-LIFES, i-Leiden Initiative for FAIR kanye nesayensi Equitable

U-Arie Baak, ilungu leBhodi le-LIFES Association for FAIR and Equitable science

UKoen Jonkers, IKhomishini YaseYurophu, Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Esihlangene (i-JRC), eBrussels, eBelgium

Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa buguqula indlela isayensi eqhutshwa ngayo, edluliselwa ngayo futhi eqinisekiswa ngayo. Bunesithembiso sangempela, buvumela ukuqashelwa kwephethini ngezinga okungekho mcwaningi womuntu ongalilinganisa, busheshisa imisebenzi yokusebenza futhi buvula izindlela ezintsha zokuthola ulwazi. Kodwa i-AI nayo iyashesha, ayinamaphutha futhi ayikhethi, kuyilapho isayensi idla isikhathi futhi iqaphile ngokuklama. Ukungezwani phakathi kwalezi ziqiniso ezimbili sekuvele kudala ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu: ukukhukhula kwezincwadi nedatha ekhiqizwe yi-AI, ukubuyekezwa kontanga okonakele, okutholakele okungabonakali kanye nokwethenjwa okunciphile emlandweni wesayensi. Amakhono adingekayo kososayensi besikhathi esizayo ayashintsha ngokuyisisekelo futhi inqubomgomo yesayensi ayigcinanga ijubane. Ukubhekana nalesi sikhala kuyaphuthuma.

I-AI ishintsha indlela isayensi eyenziwa ngayo

Isayensi isuke endaweni engenadatha eyanele yaya endaweni ecebile ngedatha ngesivinini esimangalisayo. Lapho abacwaningi bake bakhiqiza khona amasethi edatha aphansi futhi badlulisela okutholakele ikakhulukazi ngezihloko ezifundwa ngabantu, manje basebenza enkathini yokukhiqizwa kwedatha ethuthukisiwe. Iningi lazo lisezingeni eliphezulu, lisatshalaliswa futhi lingaphathwa yimishini kuphela. Nokho, lo mkhuba awubonakali ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwedatha yangempela. Ukuze kushintshwe lokho, idatha ngokwayo manje kumele iphathwe njengomkhiqizo wesayensi wekilasi lokuqala, hhayi umkhiqizo wezihloko.

Imishini iyazikhandla ekutholeni amaphethini kumasethi edatha amakhulu nayinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa imishini ayinawo imodeli yomqondo engokwemvelo yeqiniso elihlobene nomuntu. Umphumela uba ukutholakala kwamaphethini okungenamkhawulo, amaningi angamanga, amanye adukisayo. Inselele enkulu yesizukulwane esilandelayo sososayensi izoba ukuhamba kuleli hlathi lamaphethini: ukuhlukanisa isignali enengqondo nomsindo wezibalo. Ukubheka komuntu akuyona into ongayikhetha; kuyadingeka ngokwesakhiwo.

Abenzi bezinqubomgomo kufanele futhi baqaphele ukuthi i-AI kwisayensi idlulela ngale kwamaModeli Olimi Olukhulu, okwamanje abusa inkulumo yomphakathi. Indawo ebanzi ifaka phakathi ukufunda komshini kokukhiqiza imibono, imisebenzi yokuhlola ezenzakalelayo kanye nokucabanga okusekelwe kugrafu yolwazi, ngayinye inezingozi namathuba ahlukile adinga izimpendulo zokuphatha ezilungiselelwe.

Ikhwalithi yedatha kanye nengqalasizinda yizona zinto ezibangela inkinga

Ikhwalithi yokukhishwa kwe-AI kwisayensi inqunywa ngqo yikhwalithi yedatha okokufaka. Idatha EFANELE (Etholakalayo, Efinyelelekayo, Esebenzisanayo futhi Engasetshenziswa Kabusha, futhi eqondwa kabanzi njenge-Fully AI Ready) iyisidingo esiyisisekelo sesayensi eqhutshwa yi-AI eqotho. Ngaphandle kwayo, amamodeli e-AI aqeqeshwa kokuqukethwe okungavuthiwe, okungahleliwe, okungenzeka kube nokuchelela, noma ngisho nokuqanjiwe, okukhiqiza imibono engabonakali engaba yingozi empilweni ezimweni zezokwelapha futhi ehlisa ukwethenjwa kwesayensi ngendlela ehlelekile. Ikakhulukazi lapho ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwedatha etholakala kalula kwenziwa kakhulu ngabadlali abangebona abesayensi njengezinkampani zamanje ze-LLM.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli omqondo we-FAIR ukuvimbela i-AI ImiphumelaNgokunikeza izinhlaka ze-semantic ezihlelekile, lapho umqondo ngamunye uchazwe kahle, ukuthi uhlobene kanjani nokuthi yini ebalwa njengesiphetho esisebenzayo, lawa mamodeli anciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokubona izinto ezingekho futhi asiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okutholakele okukhiqizwe yi-AI kuhlala kuchazeka, kuhunyushwa futhi kuqinisekiswa ngabantu.

Inkinga yobuqotho ekushicilelweni kwesayensi yandisa lezi zingozi. Izinhlelo ze-AI manje zingakhiqiza izihloko, idatha kanye nokubuyekezwa okubonakala sengathi kuyathandeka cishe ngokushesha. Ingqungquthela eyodwa ehamba phambili ye-AI ithole ukuthunyelwa okungaphezu kuka-20,000 ngo-2025 kuphela. Impendulo (ososayensi abasebenzisa i-AI ukubuyekeza amaphepha akhiqizwe yi-AI) ibeka engcupheni yokudala i-loop yokuphendula ngomsindo ovaliwe lapho izinhlelo ezinephutha zihlolana ngaphandle kokuhlola kwangaphandle okunenjongo. Idatha ye-FAIR eshicilelwe emthonjeni, lapho imvelaphi ingaqinisekiswa khona, iphakathi kwamathuluzi aqinile kakhulu atholakalayo okulwa nalo mkhuba.

Okuyisisekelo sakho konke lokhu ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo kwezikhuthazo. Abacwaningi basavuzwa kakhulu ngokubalwa kwezihloko kanye namazinga okucaphuna, okuyisilinganiso esenzelwe isikhathi esingenadatha eningi. Ukushicilela idatha ye-FAIR esezingeni eliphezulu akunalo ukuqashelwa kobungcweti futhi akukho ukumbozwa kwezimali okuqinisekisiwe. Lokhu kumele kushintshe.

Izikhala zokubusa zinkulu kakhulu

Isimo sokuphathwa kobuchwepheshe kwedatha kwisayensi sisenkingeni. Amashumi eminyaka okuthembela enanini elincane labahlinzeki bamafu abakhulu, kuhlanganiswe nezinsimbi zomthetho ezifana ne-US Cloud Act, kudale inkinga yokuzimela kwedatha manje ebucayi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungazinzi kwenqubomgomo yase-US yakamuva kanye nemiphumela yayo engqalasizinda yocwaningo eyabiwe emhlabeni wonke. Iningi lezinsizakusebenza zedatha yesayensi eziyinhloko emhlabeni zingaphandle kokulawulwa kwezikhungo nemiphakathi ezikhiqize zona.

Izimiso ze-FAIR, ezihambisana nezimiso ze-CARE (ezikhuluma ngamalungelo nezintshisekelo zabantu bomdabu ekuphathweni kwedatha), zinikeza uhlaka oluhambisanayo lokuphatha ngokwethembeka. Ndawonye, ​​​​zichaza izimo lapho idatha kufanele ivuleke noma ivinjelwe khona, isetshenziswe kabusha futhi ibe namandla. Umqondo we-inthanethi ye-FAIR Data and Services (IFDS), lapho idatha ihlala khona emthonjeni wayo futhi ivakashelwa ama-algorithms agunyaziwe kunokuba ikopishwe futhi ibekwe endaweni eyodwa, inikeza impendulo yokwakhiwa okusebenzayo. Kulo modeli, imibuzo yokubala iya kuma-node edatha asatshalaliswa; idatha ayihambi iye ezindaweni zokugcina ezihlanganisiwe ngaphandle kokuthi kungenakugwenywa.

Ukuhlanganyela ngokulinganayo kwisayensi eqhutshwa yi-AI nakho kudinga ukuthi le ngqalasizinda ifinyeleleke ngempela. Izikhungo kanye nemiphakathi eseNingizimu Yomhlaba ayikwazi ukuba yizihloko ezingasetshenziswa kabusha idatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lokuxhumana, imboni edinga idatha kakhulu akufanele ikhishwe ngaphandle. Ingqalasizinda ye-FAIR esatshalaliswayo, eyenzelwe ukugwema ukuvalelwa kwabathengisi kanye namaphuzu okwehluleka okukodwa, iyindlela lapho ukuhlanganyela okunenjongo kwenzeka khona.

Lokho abenzi benqubomgomo okufanele bakwenze

Impendulo yenqubomgomo ehambisanayo idinga isinyathelo ngezindlela eziningana:

• Kudingeka amazinga edatha e-FAIR ocwaningweni oluxhaswe ngumphakathi. Izinhlangano ezixhasa ngezimali kufanele zenze ukushicilelwa kwedatha ye-FAIR kube umbandela wokunikezwa kwezibonelelo, hhayi isincomo.
• Ukushicilelwa kwedatha yesikhwama kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokufaneleka njengezindleko zesibonelelo ezifanelekile. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe idatha esezingeni eliphezulu, engasetshenziswa ngomshini kumele kuqashelwe futhi kuhlanganiswe.
• Yenza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwedatha ekhiqizwe ngaphambilini kanye nezindleko zocwaningo ezifanelekile kwiziphakamiso zezibonelelo zifanelekeUkutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo ukugcina nokuhlinzeka ngedatha esezingeni eliphezulu, engasetshenziswa ngomshini kumele kuqashelwe futhi kuhlanganiswe.
• Sekela amazinga asekelwe emphakathini kunezixazululo eziqhutshwa abathengisi. Ingqalasizinda evulekile nesebenzisanayo eyakhelwe ezindinganisweni ezincane ezihlanganyelwe ivimbela ukuvalelwa ngaphakathi futhi iqinisekisa inkundla yokudlala elinganayo.
• Tshala imali ekufundeni kwesayensi. Ngaphandle kososayensi, izakhamuzi, izintatheli kanye nabenzi benqubomgomo nabo badinga ukuqonda okusebenzayo ngamakhono kanye nokulinganiselwa kwe-AI. Igebe phakathi kokuqonda komphakathi kanye neqiniso lobuchwepheshe liyingozi ekubuseni.
• Izidingo zokuthola ulwazi kanye nokucaca kwe-AI ezisetshenziswa ocwaningweni. Noma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-AI olufaka isandla ekutholakaleni kwesayensi okushicilelwe kufanele ludingeke ukuthi ludalule ukuvela kwedatha yokuqeqeshwa, imikhawulo yemodeli kanye nemikhawulo.

Isayensi iyinzuzo yomphakathi womhlaba wonke. Ubuqotho bayo, ukulingana kanye nokuvuleleka kwayo akunakucatshangwa; kudinga ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwenqubomgomo. Ifasitela lokusungula ukuphathwa okuqinile kwe-AI ekukhiqizweni kwesayensi livulekile, kodwa ngeke lihlale linjalo unomphela. Izinqumo ezenziwe manje mayelana nezindinganiso zedatha, ingqalasizinda, izikhuthazo kanye nokuqapha kuzonquma ukuthi i-AI iyasheshisa isayensi ethembekile noma iyilimaza ngendlela ehlelekile.

Isithombe ngu-Getty Images sika Unsplash+

Le bhulogi, ebanjwe ngokubambisana phakathi kwe-International Science Council (ISC) kanye ne-Frontiers Policy Labs, iyingxenye ye- 'Ukubusa okusha kwesayensi ekhulwini lama-21' Uchungechunge olusebenza njengenkundla yokuxoxisana enamandla yobuholi bomcabango ngekusasa lokuphatha kwesayensi. Ukusuka ezifundweni zemfundo eziqinile, lesi sinyathelo sihlanganisa amazwi omhlaba wonke aholayo ukuze anikeze imibono ebukhali, evusa inkanuko kodwa esekelwe ebufakazini, futhi ebheke phambili. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ifuna ukufaka isandla ekuchazeni imodeli yokubusa eqinile, ehlanganisa wonke umuntu, futhi esobala ehlonyiselwe izinselele zesikhathi esizayo.

Bona okuthunyelwe kwasekuqaleni lapha.

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