Lesi siqeshana sivele kuqala Izindaba ze-Arete.
Njengoba ohulumeni benciphisa isabelomali socwaningo kanye nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe buqala ukuthengiselana, ubudlelwano phakathi kwesayensi nokwenza izinqumo zezepolitiki bungena esigabeni esibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ingozi, ngokusho Sir Peter Gluckman, umongameli we-International Science Council, akukhona ukuthi isayensi ngokwayo ilahlekelwe ukwethembeka. Kungukuthi amasiko esayensi kanye nokwenza izinqubomgomo asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene zokucabanga - nokuthi ososayensi bebelokhu benqikaza ukuhlola ubuthakathaka ngaphakathi kohlelo lwabo.
“Isayensi ayikaze yenze inqubomgomo,” kusho uGluckman engxoxweni ebanzi no- Isazi Sesayensi i-podcast. "Isayensi inika ulwazi ngenqubomgomo. Ukwenza inqubomgomo ukwenza ukukhetha phakathi kwezinketho ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nenketho yokungenzi lutho, okuthinta abathintekayo abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene. Yebo, isayensi inikeza, ezimweni eziningi, ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani. Kodwa-ke kufanele ucabange ngezindleko, umthelela, umbono womphakathi, ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kanye nokwezenhlalo, izinto ezicatshangelwayo zezombusazwe. Konke lokho kungena ezinqumweni ezenziwayo."
Uthi lowo mehluko usalokhu ungaqondwa kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele.
I-International Science Council yinhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni eyasungulwa ngo-2018 ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-International Council for Science kanye ne-International Social Science Council. Isekelwe eParis, isebenza njengezwi lomhlaba wonke lesayensi, ihlanganisa izinyunyana zesayensi zomhlaba wonke ezingaba ngu-270, izinhlangano, kanye nezikole zikazwelonke noma zesifunda ukuthuthukisa isayensi njengento enhle yomphakathi yomhlaba wonke.
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, amazwe ayevame ukuthembela ebufakazini obufanayo bezifo kodwa amukela izinqubomgomo ezihluke kakhulu, kusukela esikhathini sokuvalelwa endlini kuya ekuvalweni kwezikole kuya emiyalweni yokugoma. KuGluckman, lokho kwehluka akuzange kubonise ukwehluleka kwesayensi kodwa kwakubonisa iqiniso lokuthi ubufakazi buyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesahlulelo sezepolitiki.
“Lapho ohulumeni befuna iseluleko sesayensi, isayensi ayikaze iphelele,” esho. “Asilungile kangako, njengososayensi, ekuvumeni ukungaqiniseki kwalokho esikwaziyo. Cishe njalo kukhona igebe eliqondile phakathi kwalokho isayensi ekwaziyo nalokho ephetha ngakho. Umsebenzi wethu ukwethembeka ngalokho esikwaziyo, lokho esingakwaziyo, nokuthi yikuphi ukungaqiniseki. Kodwa kungokwabenzi bezinqubomgomo, hhayi ososayensi, ukulinganisa ezinye izilinganiso.”
Ngokombono wakhe, enye yemibono eyiphutha eqhubekayo ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe azikwazi ukubhekana nokungaqiniseki.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi bayazi ukuthi u-A ubangela u-B, ohulumeni kumele bathathe isinyathelo,” esho. “Akunjalo. Abezombusazwe babhekana nokungaqiniseki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Babhekana nokungaqiniseki njalo lapho bebhekene nokhetho.”
Uthi ukwethembana akuxhomekile kakhulu ekuboniseni ukuzethemba kunalokho kuncike ekwamukeleni imingcele.
“Ubugebengu obubi kakhulu esingabenza ekwelulekweni kwesayensi ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi kukhona into esingekho,” kusho yena. “Ukwethembeka kuholela ekwethembeni.”
UGluckman uchithe ingxenye enkulu yeminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule esebenza ekuxhumaneni kwesayensi nokuphatha. Ube ngumeluleki omkhulu wesayensi waseNew Zealand kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2018 futhi manje uhola i-International Science Council, ehlanganisa izinhlangano zesayensi kuzo zonke izifunda ngaphandle kwezingxoxo zesivumelwano ezisemthethweni - lokho okuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi yi-Track-Two science diplomacy.
Kodwa uxwayisa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kweseluleko sesayensi akunakubangelwa kuphela ukuthandwa kwabantu noma ezombusazwe ezisekela amaqembu athile. Uthe ibhizinisi lesayensi ngokwalo lithuthukise izinhlelo zokugqugquzela ezivuza inani kanye nokubonakala kunokubaluleka.
“Kube nesayensi eningi yokuzitika,” esho. “Uma ubheka inani lamaphepha esayensi angakaze akhonjwe, asebenza kakhulu ekunikezeni umphakathi wezemfundo izincwadi eziningi emdlalweni wokushicilelwa noma wokuphela, kufanele ubuze imibuzo. Sakhe uhlelo lokugqugquzela oluzungeze ama-bibliometrics - amazinga okucashunwa, izici zomthelela - futhi kuholele emsebenzini ongahlali ucindezela imingcele yolwazi ngezindlela ezinengqondo.”
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waphawula ukuthi ucwaningo lokutholwa kwesigaba sokuqala luxhaswa futhi luqhutshwa yizinkampani ezizimele kunezikhungo zomphakathi. Lolo shintsho lunganciphisa ukucaca futhi lwenze buthaka imisebenzi yokuqeqesha nokuqeqesha evame ukunikezwa amanyuvesi.
“Ngokuyinhloko kuseNtshonalanga lapho sibona khona ukwehla kwesayensi eyisisekelo,” esho. “Kodwa sidinga nokuzibheka thina ngokwethu. Ukube isayensi ibinethonya ngempela, bekungeke kube khona ukushoda kohulumeni abafuna ukufaka imali eningi kuyo.”
Lokho kuzihlola, uthe, kumele kudlulele ngale kwamamodeli okuxhasa ngemali kuya emibuzweni yokuziphatha, izimiso kanye nezindinganiso. Ukukhiqizwa kwesayensi manje kusatshalaliswe kakhulu ngokwendawo, ngokukhula okukhulu e-Asia, eLatin America kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Afrika. Izindinganiso zokubusa ezithuthukiswe eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu azisakwazi ukucatshangelwa ukuthi zichaza ibhizinisi lomhlaba wonke.
“Isayensi iwumsebenzi womhlaba wonke ngempela,” esho. “Lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele sibe nezimiso nezindinganiso ezibonisa ngempela ibhizinisi lomhlaba wonke, hhayi ingxenye eyodwa yebhizinisi lomhlaba.”
Naphezu kwezingcindezi, uGluckman uyawenqaba umbono wokuthi ukubambisana kwesayensi kuyawa. Ukhomba ukubambisana kwesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi ekunciphiseni ubungozi benyukliya kanye nokuqapha imvelo, kanye nezikhungo ezifana ne-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, njengobufakazi bokuthi ukubambisana kwesayensi kungaqhubeka ngisho nalapho ubudlelwano bezombusazwe bunzima.
“Umhlaba udinga isayensi,” esho. “Umhlaba uyindawo engcono kakhulu ngenxa yesayensi nezenzo zayo eminyakeni eyi-100 noma eyi-150 edlule. Lokho kuzohlala kunjalo. Kuzoba okuhlukile. Uhlelo luzothuthuka. Kodwa ngiyenqaba ukukholelwa ukuthi isayensi ayikwazi ukusiza ekwenzeni umhlaba ongcono.”
Kuye, ingozi enkulu ukweqisa ngaphakathi kwesayensi uqobo. Esimweni sezepolitiki lapho kuphikisana khona ngezimali zocwaningo, okulindelwe umphakathi kuphezulu, futhi abenzi bezinqubomgomo babhekene nezingcindezi zomnotho nezokuphepha ezincintisanayo, ukuthi ukuhlelwa kabusha kungabaluleka ngaphezu kokuvikela igunya lodwa.
"Uma sigwema impendulo enesihluku noma yokuzikhukhumeza yokuthi siyazi ukuthi senzeni kuzo zonke izimo bese sithi, nakhu isayensi engakutshela khona, ukuze ukwazi ukucabangela ezinye izilinganiso, khona-ke sizothuthuka."
Isithombe: Isikhungo Sekusasa Elinolwazi saseKoi Tū
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlanganisa isayensi nokuphatha eLatin America naseCaribbean Funda kabanzi ngesayensi yesimanje: abashayeli be-geostrategic, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi abashintshayo Funda kabanzi ngalokho okwembulwe yiSuku Lesayensi lika-2026 ngesahluko esilandelayo senqubomgomo yesayensi 