I-Science in Exile podcast: U-Alfred Babo wabelana ngendaba yakhe yokuba sengozini kanye nososayensi wezenhlalo wababaleki

I-ISC Presents: Isayensi Ekudingisweni iwuchungechunge lwamaphodikasti aqukethe izingxoxo nababaleki nososayensi abaxoshiwe ababelana ngesayensi yabo, izindaba zabo zokufuduka kanye namathemba abo ekusasa.

Esiqeshini sakamuva seSayensi Ekudingisweni sizwa ngo-Alfred Babo, usosayensi wezenhlalo ocwaningo lwakhe lugxile ekushintsheni kwezenhlalo, ukuqashwa kwezingane nokuthuthuka, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe nezingxabano zomphakathi, kanye nemiphakathi yangemva kwezingxabano. U-Alfred wabelana ngolwazi lwakhe lokusebenza njengomfundisi wasenyuvesi e-Côte d'Ivoire lapho izwe liwela empini yombango, futhi kamuva wafuna isiphephelo eGhana, eTogo futhi ekugcineni e-United States, lapho manje esezinze futhi esebenza kuSociology and Anthropology. umnyango weFairfield University. 

Uchungechunge lwenziwe njengomnikelo ku-'Isayensi Ekudingisweni' uhlelo, oluqhutshwa ngokubambisana phakathi kwe-International Science Council (I-ISC), I-World Academy of Sciences (I-UNESCO-TWAS) kanye ne-InterAcademy Partnership (I-IAP).

Lalela manje

Okulotshiweyo

U-Alfred: Wonke amanyuvesi omphakathi ezweni, ezweni elisathuthuka, avalwa. Angazi ukuthi sizokukhokhela isikhathi esingakanani lokho, kodwa ungacabanga ngesizukulwane sabafundi abasemuva kakhulu ngoba abakwazanga ukuqeda iziqu, abakwazanga ukuya esikoleni, futhi iningi labo alikwazanga. ungenzi lutho. Futhi-ke, kubuhlakani bekuyinhlekelele futhi ngoba lokho kusho ukuthi alusekho ucwaningo, azikho izinhlelo zocwaningo, umsebenzi waselabhorethri, akukho lutho. 

Husam: Ngingumsingathi wakho u-Husam Ibrahim futhi lena i-Science in Exile podcast. Kulolu chungechunge, sithola ukuqonda ngempilo yososayensi abasekudingisweni, futhi sixoxa ngokuthi isayensi yangesikhathi esidlule, samanje nesakusasa ingalondolozwa kanjani ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Le podcast iyingxenye yohlelo oluqhubekayo lwababaleki kanye nososayensi abafudukisiwe oluqhutshwa yi-Science International, iphrojekthi ehlanganyelwe yi-World Academy of Sciences, i-InterAcademy Partnership kanye noMkhandlu Wesayensi Yezizwe Zonke. 

Esiqeshini sanamuhla sinoSolwazi Alfred Babo, usosayensi wezenhlalakahle wase-Côte d'Ivoire, noma owaziwa ngokuthi yi-Ivory Coast, okhuthaza futhi osebenzela ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlalakahle yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle nezombusazwe. U-Alfred uyilungu leScholars at Risk Network Board kanye nomsunguli 'we-Share the Platform' - isinyathelo esisebenza nababaleki ekwakhiweni kohlelo, ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo, kanye nokwenza.  

Ngemva kokhetho lwase-Côte d'Ivoire olwaluphikisana ngo-2010, izwe lika-Alfred lawela empini yombango. Ngo-2011, ngemuva kokubhekana nezinsongo zokubulawa, waphoqeleka ukuba abaleke ezweni nomndeni wakhe. Njengamanje u-Alfred uhlala e-United States esebenza njengoprofesa eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts.  

Manje, u-Alfred usitshela ngezingxabano abhekana nazo eCôte d'Ivoire. 

U-Alfred: Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi sinezigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile noma izinyathelo. Esokuqala sasingo-2002, lapho kuqubuka ukuhlubuka, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, amanyuvesi noprofesa kuphela ababesesifundeni esilawulwa amavukela-mbuso okwakuhloswe ngaso. 

Njengoba wazi, izingxabano eziningi zisekelwe ezinhlangeni, futhi labo ababengaveli ezinhlangeni zabaholi bamavukela-mbuso babeqondiswe kubo futhi vele, noma babengahlosiwe, iningi labo lalisabela impilo yabo futhi babaleka endaweni. Inyuvesi kanye nesikhungo kwathathwa amavukela-mbuso, ngakho yaba ikamu lezempi lamavukela-mbuso. 

Ngaleso sikhathi umengameli wenza konke okusemandleni ukuthi aqale phansi, ukuze lesi sikhungo siphile. Enhloko-dolobha saqala ukuba namakilasi kunoma yiliphi ihholo esingalithola. Isibonelo, amabhayisikobho, amathiyetha, lapho singaba nezihlalo ezingu-500, izihlalo ezingu-300, yonke indawo yokufundisa. Lokhu kwakunzima ngempela kodwa sakwazi ukukugcina lokho cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2010. Kodwa lapho impi iphinda iqala ngo-2010 - 2011, kwaba kubi kakhulu kubuhlakani nasemanyuvesi ase-Abidjan ngoba impi yenzeka ngempela. isikhathi enhloko-dolobha, e-Abidjan. Kulokhu, amanyuvesi abhujiswe ngempela. Ezinye zezindawo zokulala zazisetshenziselwa, futhi, imisebenzi yezempi. Ngempela kwakuwukuwa kwesikhungo semfundo ephakeme eCôte d'Ivoire. 

Umengameli unqume ukuvala amanyuvesi unyaka owodwa wokufunda. Ngicabanga ukuthi kwakungaphezu konyaka owodwa, cishe unyaka nesigamu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwakuyinhlekelele ocwaningweni, ekufundiseni, kubafundi, kubuhlakani. Wonke amanyuvesi omphakathi ezweni, ezweni elisathuthuka, avalwa. Angazi ukuthi sizokukhokhela isikhathi esingakanani lokho, kodwa ungacabanga ngesizukulwane sabafundi abasemuva kakhulu ngoba abakwazanga ukuqeda iziqu, abakwazanga ukuya esikoleni, futhi iningi labo alikwazanga. ungenzi lutho. Futhi-ke, kubuhlakani bekuyinhlekelele futhi ngoba lokho kusho ukuthi alusekho ucwaningo, azikho izinhlelo zocwaningo, umsebenzi waselabhorethri, akukho lutho. 

Husam: Ingabe sasikhona isizathu esiqondile sokuthi oprofesa abafana nawe babeqondiswe phakathi nempi yombango? 

U-Alfred: Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanyuvesi kanye nenkundla yezepolitiki. Labo abaholayo, imiphakathi ekhanyiselayo, baphuma emanyuvesi, iningi labo ngosolwazi emanyuvesi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwenkululeko. Laba yizicukuthwane, lezi yizifundiswa ezihola izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi, njengezinyunyana, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlangano yengqondo yokuphusha inkululeko, ukuphusha intando yeningi. Lo owayengumongameli, uMongameli Laurent Gbagbo, naye wayenguprofesa womlando eNyuvesi yaseCocody.  

Husam: Ngakho-ke, ingabe sikhona isigameko esithile esenzekayo, esikwenze wabona ukuthi udinga ukulishiya izwe? 

U-Alfred: Yize noma bengingahlangani nokuphathwa kwalo mengameli kodwa ngenxa yokuthi nginguSolwazi eNyuvesi ngaba yingxenye yalabo ababekhonjwe indlela.  

Nami ngangiyilungu lohlanga lwalo Mongameli. Futhi, ngenza izingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe, ngaba nezikhundla lapho ngangigxeka khona udlame lwezombangazwe noma isimo sezombangazwe ezweni lakithi. Ngakho, ngenxa yalokhu sathola izinsongo, ngakho ngangifuna ukugcina umndeni wami uphephile, futhi kwakungemina ngedwa, abaningi bethu babesongelwa. Ngakho-ke, ngeke uhlale kuze kufike usongo kuwe. Futhi ngibeka umndeni wami kuqala ukuze ngibenze bahambe. Izingane zami zazikhala, zikhala. Indodakazi yami yayikhala. Wayengafuni ukuhamba ngaphandle kukayise, kodwa kwakudingeka ngiqinisekise ukuthi bafika lapho babeya khona bephephile.  

Kwakufanele bazichaze, hhayi ngegama lami, kodwa umkami wayezobe ebonisa igama lakhe lokuzalwa futhi asho nje ukuthi ulahlekelwe umazisi wakhe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ungowesifazane futhi wayenezingane, ngicabanga ukuthi ukwazile ukudlala leli khadi nokuwela esikhundleni sokuba nami. Lokho bekungababeka engozini enkulu.  

Futhi-ke umngane wethu ovela eGeneva ubewusizo ngempela, emuhle ngempela, ebiza abantu ukuthi bazosisiza. Lokho kwakusekupheleni kuka-March, futhi isimo sasiba sibi kakhulu e-Abidjan. Kungaso leso sikhathi lapho sizwa ngezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezilwela amalungelo abantu, ukuthi amavukelambuso abulala abantu abangu-800 ngosuku olulodwa kuleli dolobha laseDuekoue. Ngakho, ngemva kokuba ngithumele umkhaya wami, ekugcineni nganquma ukungasali futhi ngibaleke nami ngihlanganyele nomndeni wami. 

Yebo, kwakunzima ukuhamba, ukunqamula yonke lendawo ngisuka e-Abidjan ngiya e-Accra, kodwa ngafika. Futhi ukusuka e-Accra ngiqhubekela e-Togo, futhi yilapho salungela khona futhi saxhumana ne-Scholars at Risk. Futhi yileyo ndlela iScholars At Risk eyangisiza ngayo mina nomndeni wami ukuba sithuthelwe e-United States. 

Husam: Ngakho-ke, Alfred, njengoba sikhuluma, njengoba wazi, sibona izehlakalo zenzeka e-Afghanistan ezibangela ukuthi abantu, okuhlanganisa nezifundiswa nososayensi, babaleke. Yini ongathanda ukuyitshela ofunda nabo e-Afghanistan njengamanje?   

Yebo, ngalesi simo samanje ngikhathazeke ngempela ngokwenzeka e-Afghanistan, kodwa hhayi nje ukukhathazeka, kodwa ukucabanga ukuthi yini into yokuqala okufanele siyenze. Ngicabanga ukuthi okokukhombisa lokhu kubumbana kwesayensi. Ngiyazi ukuthi kunzima ngempela ukuhamba, ikakhulukazi uma wenza ucwaningo endaweni yangakini. Kodwa manje nami ngiyilungu lebhodi le-Scholars At Risk. Bengilokhu ngibona ebesikwenza emasontweni ambalwa edlule ukuze sikulindele futhi sikhuthale futhi. Sethule imibuzo eminingi ukuze sicele amanyuvesi ukuthi abambe ososayensi bethu abangababaleki abavela e-Afghanistan. Ngakho-ke, i-Scholars At Risk, nezinye izinhlangano eziningi ezibandakanyeka kulolu hlobo lwemisebenzi, zenza konke okusemandleni ukubanikeza ithuba lokuthi baphephe kuqala bese beqala phansi eminye yemisebenzi yabo futhi bamukele ontanga yami abavela e-Afghanistan, ngibanike - njengoba ngathola ithuba - ezinye izikhundla zesikhashana emaNyuvesi, kwezinye izikhungo, izikhungo zocwaningo, izikhungo zocwaningo, lapho bengakwazi ukuphumula, ukuphefumula kancane futhi uma benethuba, baqale kabusha ucwaningo lwabo lwezemfundo, umsebenzi wabo wezemfundo.  

Kubo bonke labo bantu abaphuma e-Afghanistan, ngesinye isikhathi sidinga ukuthi sibheke ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi abalulethayo, uyazi, nabo, yiliphi isiko abaza nalo, yiliphi ithalente abanalo, yini abangazenzela yona. , kanye nezwe elisingatha, umphakathi ophethe, umphakathi osingatha. Futhi yilapho okufanele ngabe sigxila kakhulu, imali eyengeziwe, ukwakha amandla. 

Ngakho-ke, ngithanda ukusebenzisa leli thuba ukubathumelela ubumbano lwami.  

Husam: Usosayensi wababaleki, usosayensi owaxoshwa noma usosayensi osekudingisweni, yisiphi isimo ozikhomba ngaso, uma sikhona, futhi uzizwa uxhumeke kangakanani kuleso simo, Alfred?  

Yebo, ngangiyisifundiswa esisengozini, kunjalo, kuqala. Isifundiswa esisengozini ngoba ngangikule ndawo yempi engangizobulawa kuyo, ngangizobulawa. Lesi simo sashintsha futhi sashintsha ngesikhathi sami sokuphephela eGhana kuqala kwase kuba seTogo. Futhi ngaba eTogo umuntu owayengumbaleki. Futhi angikwazanga ukusho ukuthi ngingusosayensi ekudingisweni e-Togo ngokwesibonelo, ngoba ngahlala e-Togo izinyanga eziyi-8 kodwa angikwazanga ngempela ukubuyela ekufundiseni, noma ukwenza ucwaningo. Ngangingenzi lutho usuku lonke.  

Ngakho, lesi simo, lesi sikhathi, ngingasho ngaleso sikhathi ngangingumbaleki nje. Belingaxhumene nomsebenzi wami. Futhi ngazama ngemva kwezinyanga ezine, ngazama ukuya ngedwa eNyuvesi yaseLome eTogo, futhi ngangincenga abanye ozakwethu emnyangweni weSociology ukuthi ngizwa sengathi ngiyafa ngoba akukho okumele ngikwenze. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ngize ngizonikeza isifundo, uyazi, mahhala? Angiceli ukuthi ningikhokhele, lutho, kodwa ngifuna ukuqala kabusha ukuphila ngomkhakha wami, okungenani ukuba phambi kwabafundi, ukuba nezingxoxo nabafundi, ukuba nezingxoxo nabanye ozakwethu kungaba yinto engangisiza ngempela. . 

Futhi lapho ngifika e-United States nge-Scholars At Risk, ngakho ngasingathwa enyuvesi eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi ngangingumbaleki wesayensi futhi manje ngingasho ukuthi mhlawumbe ngiphuma kulobu buthina. 

Husam: Ngakho-ke, njengoba uthuthele e-US, ngabe umsebenzi wakho nocwaningo lushintshe noma lwavela kanjani? Futhi yimaphi amanye amathuba avumela ukuthi lolo shintsho lwenzeke?  

U-Alfred: Kulungile. Njengososayensi, noma ngingusosayensi, njengoba ngingumbaleki futhi nganikezwa indawo yokukhosela, isibonelo, angivunyelwe ukubuyela ezweni lami, akunjalo? Ngakho, ucwaninga kanjani? Imvamisa uma senza ucwaningo lwethu emazweni ethu, izihloko zethu zocwaningo, amasayithi ocwaningo, noma ngabe ungusosayensi wezenhlalo noma cha, kutholakala kulezi zingxenye zezwe lakini. 

Kimina, izingosi zami eziningi zocwaningo zazise-Côte d'Ivoire. Ngangenza ucwaningo ngomhlaba kamuva nangobudlova bezombangazwe entsheni yaseCôte d'Ivoire. Cishe kuzoba okufanayo kozakwethu base-Afghanistan abazobe behamba.  

Ngakho-ke, lapho uzithola useLondon noma eParis noma e-US, khona-ke umbuzo uwukuthi, uluqhuba kanjani lolu hlobo locwaningo? Uqhubeka kanjani usebenza kulolu hlobo lwesihloko, akunjalo?  

Kufanele wakhe lokhu esikubiza ngokuthi uhlobo lwendawo empunga yobunikazi obusha ngokocwaningo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uthole amanye amalungiselelo obuhlakani ongaqhubeka nokusebenza kuwo, kimina, esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme saseMelika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngigcina ucwaningo lwami ngenethiwekhi ethile e-Côte d'Ivoire, lapho engangicela khona abanye ozakwethu noma abafundi abaneziqu ukuthi bangiqoqele ulwazi, bangiqoqele idatha.  

Futhi-ke, unendawo yocwaningo ihluke ngokuphelele. Unezinsiza eziningi obungeke ukwazi ukufinyelela kuzo uma usezweni lakini. Ngakho-ke, lapha ngiyakwazi ukuthola imitapo yolwazi, uyakwazi ukufinyelela ezincwadini, unemali yokuhambela izingqungquthela, unemali yokwethula ucwaningo lwakho, unemali okufanele uye kuyo, uyazi, kwenye indawo lapho uzokwenza ucwaningo lwakho futhi kunjalo, uthuthukise. inethiwekhi.  

Husam: Ngakho-ke, Alfred, ungomunye wabasunguli bohlelo 'Yabelana Ngenkundla' - Ungakwazi yini ukusitshela kancane ngalolu hlelo?  

Ukwabelana Ngenkundla kuwuhlelo olugcizelela ngempela ukuthi sidinga ukugxilisa imizamo yethu kumakhono nekhono lababaleki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangabaculi, izintatheli, izifundiswa noma abantu abavamile, banamakhono athile okufanele sigcizelele.  

Zonke lezo zinhlaka ezenza umsebenzi omkhulu, ezenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ukusiza labo babaleki, siyabacela ukuthi lapho behla, ngesikhathi esithile, badinga ukwabelana ngesiteji. Badinga ukwabelana ngesiteji nababaleki.  

Isikhathi sokuqala, bangabakhulumela, bakhulume egameni labo, kulungile, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi, badinga ukwenza indawo futhi banikeze ababaleki ngokwabo, uyazi, ithuba lokuzikhulumela futhi nathi. singamangala futhi singase sithole amathalente amaningi, amaningi labo babaleki abanawo kodwa abanjengokucasha, noma abanalo ithuba lokukhuluma uma singabaniki inkundla, uma singabaniki. banikeze ithuba lokukhuluma. 

Husam: Siyabonga uSolwazi Alfred Babo ngokuba kulesi siqephu, futhi wabelane ngendaba yakho neSayensi International. 

Le podcast iyingxenye yephrojekthi yababaleki eqhubekayo kanye nososayensi abangenamakhaya ebizwa ngokuthi Isayensi Ekudingisweni. Iqhutshwa yi-Science International, umkhankaso lapho izinhlangano ezintathu zesayensi yomhlaba wonke zibambisana phambili kunqubomgomo yesayensi. Lezi yi-International Science Council, i-World Academy of Sciences kanye ne-InterAcademy Partnership.  

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngephrojekthi yeSayensi Ekudingisweni sicela uye ku: umkhandlu.isayensi/isayensi yokuthunjwa 

Ulwazi, imibono nezincomo ezethulwa izivakashi zethu azibonisi izindinganiso nezinkolelo ze-Science International. 

Alfred Babo

U-Alfred Babo uyilungu lobuhlakani eMnyangweni Wezifundo Zamazwe Ngamazwe weNyuvesi yase-Fairfield kanye Nomnyango Wezesayensi Yezenhlalakahle Ne-Anthropology e-United States. Ngaphambi kokujoyina i-Fairfield University, wafundisa e-University of Bouaké e-Côte d'Ivoire futhi kamuva e-Smith College nase-University of Massachusetts-Amherst, e-USA. Ucwaningo luka-Babo lugxile ekushintsheni kwezenhlalo, ukusetshenziswa kwezingane kanye nentuthuko, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kanye nezingxabano zomphakathi, kanye nomphakathi wangemva kwezingxabano. Izincwadi zakhe zakamuva zihlaziya ababaleki kanye nezinqubomgomo zokwakhiwa kabusha kwangemva kwengxabano nokubuyisana e-Afrika ngokombono wokuqhathanisa.

Disclaimer

Ulwazi, imibono nezincomo ezethulwa izivakashi zethu ezabantu ngabanye, futhi azibonisi izindinganiso nezinkolelo zomuntu ngamunye. Isayensi Yomhlaba Wonke, umkhankaso ohlanganisa abameleli bezinga eliphezulu bezinhlangano ezintathu zesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe: i-International Science Council (ISC,) i-InterAcademy Partnership (IAP), kanye ne-World Academy of Sciences (UNESCO-TWAS).

Isithombe sikanhlokweni: UStephen Monroe on Unsplash.