Ubuchwepheshe obusha buvame ukubukwa njengamasango emathubeni angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. I-Quantum computing, esebenzisa izici ze-quantum mechanics ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwekhompuyutha namandla okucubungula idatha, inamandla amakhulu ezinkambu kusukela ekutholweni kwezidakamizwa kuya ekufundeni komshini. Izinhlelo zasemkhathini zikhiqiza okutholwe yisayensi okungaphezu kokubhekwa kwezinkanyezi, ngentuthuko ebalulekile isayensi eyisisekelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, i-geology, nezinhlelo zamanzi phakathi kokunye.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkambu nazo ziletha ubungozi - hhayi nje okwesikhathi esizayo, kodwa kakade okwamanje. Naphezu kwamazinga abo ahlukahlukene okuvuthwa, ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kuye kwavela, okugqamisa isidingo sokwengamela okushesha kwesayensi. Naphezu kobuntwana bekhompuyutha ye-quantum kanye nokukhathazeka okuhlukile kwezimiso zonkana ohambweni lwasemkhathini, umphakathi wesayensi womhlaba kufanele usebenze ngokukhulu ukushesha. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlaka eziqinile zokuziphatha nezomthetho kubalulekile ukuze kubuse lobu buchwepheshe futhi kuvinjwe izinkinga ezingaba khona njenge-“QDay”[1] noma ama-biohazard angaphandle komhlaba[2].
Isibonelo, i-quantum computing cybercrimes efana “Vuna Manje, Khipha kamuva” ziwuhlobo lwamanje “lwe-retroactive attack”; abaduni bamakhompuyutha okwamanje bagcina idatha enenani eliphakeme ngokwesiko ebethelwe ngethemba lokuthi bazokwazi ukukususa uma ngabe i-quantum computing isingenzeka.[3] Lokhu akubeka engcupheni ohulumeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nabacwaningi namalebhu esayensi abasebenzisa ukubethela ukuze vikela idatha ebucayi kanye nokutholakele. Kuyafana nangemithelela ye-astro-imvelo ye Imfucumfucu yesikhala lapho ukukhathazeka nokuphepha kwanamuhla kungakhula ngaphandle kokungenelela okunesikhathi.
Unalokhu engqondweni, Ikhomishana Yomhlaba Yezimiso Zokuziphatha Kolwazi Lwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe (COMEST) bahlangana eParis ngoSepthemba 2024 ukuze kudingidwe izimilo zekhompuyutha ye-quantum nendawo yangaphandle. Kusukela ngo-1998, ukumelwa kwe-ISC kwa-COMEST bezibophezele ekuletheni izwi labacwaningi abavela kusayensi yezenhlalo nemvelo ukuze libhekane nalezi zingxoxo ezibalulekile. Ngemuva kweseshini kaSepthemba, kwasungulwa amaqembu azobhala imibiko mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha zekhompuyutha ye-quantum kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha zasemkhathini. Ukushicilelwa kwale mibiko ezinyangeni ezizayo, njengoba bekwenzeka kobunye ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa ingabeka izisekelo zezincomo ze-UNESCO zokuziphatha zesikhathi esizayo.
Ngesikhathi semihlangano yomphakathi abahlanganyeli badlulela ngalé kokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kwezicelo ngokwabo; bakhulumela a global commons approach [4] ku-quantum computing kanye nokuhlola indawo yangaphandle. Lolu hlaka luhlose ukuvikela amalungelo omphakathi wesayensi wonke, hhayi kuphela ukuzuza kukho, kodwa futhi hlanganyela, ucwaningo nentuthuko yesayensi. Njengoba abahambele umcimbi bagqamisile, le ndlela isekelwe ezimisweni zokuziphatha zokulunga nobumbano, futhi ukwephulwa kwazo kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe kunemithelela eminingi.
Ukungabi bikho kokufinyelela kwe-epistemic yendawo yonke kanye namakhompyutha e-quantum kukhuthaza ukuncika okusha phakathi kwamazwe nabacwaningi bawo, okuthonya ukwakhiwa kwamandla kwesayensi yasendaweni kanye namandla okuguquguquka kwamandla asymmetric. Njengoba kwagcizelelwa amalungu e-COMEST ngo-September, ukusebenzisana kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nohlaka oluvumelanayo lomhlaba wonke lobuchwepheshe obusafufusa lubhekana nalezi zinselele kuyilapho luphakamisa nezimiso zokungakhethi kanye nobumbano. Noma kunjalo, kubonakala sengathi amazwe aphishekela ithrekhi ehlukile, athembele kubadlali abazimele futhi efuna ubukhosi bezobuchwepheshe. Ukusuka e-EU kuya e-India naseSaudi Arabia, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha be-quantum kanye nemboni yasemkhathini kuya ngokuya kuxhunyaniswa nokuphepha kwezwe - okubonisa isimo sezulu esingazinzile senkathi yangemva kwe-COVID. Lokhu kuletha inselele ekabili kusayensi nobuchwepheshe: amazwe angenayo izinsiza ezanele angase asalela emuva kakhulu njengoba igebe elineminotho ecebile likhula. Khonamanjalo, umnyakazo walokhu obheke kubalingiswa abazimele ngeke nje uholele ekugudlukeni ezithakazelweni zomphakathi ukuya kwezohwebo, kodwa ungase uphazamise izinhlelo zomphakathi omkhulu wabacwaningi, njengoba kuye kwaba njalo imisebenzi yasemkhathini.
Kubandakanya a Kunqunyelwe ithimba lamazwe kanye nabalingisi abazimele ekuthuthukisweni kwekhompuyutha ye-quantum kanye nemishini yasemkhathini akwephuli nje kuphela izimiso ezibalulekile zokulunga nobumbano kodwa futhi kuhlanekezela impumelelo yesayensi ngokunganaki izicelo ezibalulekile. Okwakamuva ukwethulwa kwamasathelayithi ase-Afrika ku-orbit igqamisa ukuthi izinsiza ezinikezelwe emkhathini ezwenikazi ziqondiswa kanjani ukubhekana nezinselele zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, njengoba izindleko zokubamba iqhaza emkhathini ziqhubeka nokwehla, indlela yentando yeningi yenza ukuba izinto eziza kuqala eziyingqayizivele zivele phakathi kwezizwe. Singalindela imiphumela efanayo ngokunciphisa izindleko zocwaningo lwekhompuyutha ye-quantum. Ukwamukela indlela ye-commons yomhlaba wonke kubuchwepheshe obusafufusa, njengoba kwaphakanyiswa phakathi nemihlangano yomphakathi ngo-September odlule eyenzeka endlunkulu ye-UNESCO, ngeke nje kukhuthaze ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwezinzuzo zesayensi kodwa futhi nobunikazi bomhlaba wonke bolwazi. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwepharadigm kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubuhlakani besayensi futhi kunombono wesistimu evuleleke kakhudlwana yokwakha ulwazi kukhompyutha ye-quantum nasemkhathini, kuyilapho futhi yethula imithelela ebalulekile ekubuseni nasekufinyeleleni. Njengoba isibonelo samasathelayithi ase-Afrika siyisibonelo, ukusungulwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ukwehlukahlukana kwesizinda kanye nezifiso. Lapho abantu bengakwazi ukufaka isandla, amathuba amaningi kanye nezicelo zingathuthukiswa.
Isayensi yomhlaba wonke izolahlekelwa kakhulu ngenxa yokungabikho kwentando yeningi nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zocwaningo lwesayensi. Ukusungula uhlaka olusekelwe emhlabeni wonke olusekelwe ekuziphatheni ukuze kuzuzwe futhi kuqondiswe izinhlelo ku-quantum computing kanye nokuhlola indawo yangaphandle akukwazi ukubambezeleka. Ezinyangeni ezizayo, nge-COMEST nangezinye iziteshi, i-ISC ihlose ukugqugquzela izimpikiswano ngalezi zihloko phakathi komphakathi wesayensi kanye nezwe lenqubomgomo.
[1] I-“QDay” noma i-Quantum Day ibhekisela esikhathini esizayo esicatshangelwayo lapho amakhompyutha e-quantum ezoba namandla ngokwanele ukuze aphule izindlela zamanje zokubethela.
[2] Ama-extra-terrestrial biohazard abhekisela ekungcoleni okuyingozi okungaba khona kwezinto eziphilayo ezingenisiwe
(ngokuzithandela noma ngokungazithandi) ukuya eMhlabeni kusukela emkhathini nasezindimbeni zawo zasezulwini. Bona: Ukuphepha kwebhayoloji kumongo wokuvikelwa kweplanethi okubuyela emuva kanye Nokubuyiselwa Kwesampula ye-Mars: iziphetho ezivela Enzalweni Iqembu Lokusebenza | Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yesayensi Yezinkanyezi | I-Cambridge Core or Ukuvikelwa Kweplanethi
[3] Bona Idokhumenti ye-OECD yeQembu Elisebenzayo Lokuphepha Emnothweni Wedijithali ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi.
[4] Indlela ye-Global commons ngokuvamile ibhekisela emasu nezimiso zokuphatha izinsiza ezabiwe, ikakhulukazi izinsiza zemvelo ezifana nolwandle, i-antarctica, i-airspace kanye nomkhathi ongaphandle okuyizinto ezine ezaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele ngezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukwamukela izimiso lapho ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, amazinga okwabelwana ngawo kanye nemithethonqubo, ukwabelana ngolwazi oluvulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama kubuchwepheshe kuyaphikiswa futhi kuyathuthukiswa, njengasendabeni ye zingosi.
Image by Anton Maksimov 5642.su on Unsplash.
Imininingwane
Le ndatshana yokufinyelela okuvulekile isatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution I-CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 ilayisense. Ukhululekile ukusebenzisa, ukujwayela, ukusabalalisa, noma ukukhiqiza kabusha okuqukethwe kwezinye izinkundla, inqobo nje uma unika umklomelo kumbhali(ababhali) bangempela noma umnikezi welayisensi, ucaphuna okushicilelwe kwasekuqaleni kuwebhusayithi ye-International Science Council, faka isixhumanisi sokuqala futhi ubonise uma izinguquko zenziwe. Noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okungahambisani nale migomo akuvunyelwe.
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