Lo mbhalo wawungu okushicilelwe ekuqaleni ku Umagazini we-ERC yi-European Research Council.
About the Author:
Nakuba izingxabano zamanje e-Ukraine, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nakwezinye izindawo ziyizinto ezigxile kakhulu ekunakweni kwezwe kanye nezombusazwe, izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni izizwe ezibonana ngayo nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo ziye zathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uhlelo lwezinhlangothi eziningi luye lwabonakala lungakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphila ezifana nezingxabano noma ukuqhubekisela phambili izinkinga zomhlaba wonke. Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwesayensi yezobudlelwano kuzoba usizo kakhulu ekwakheni indlela eya phambili.
I-diplomacy yendabuko kanye nomdlandla wamaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke ngezinga elithile kuthathelwe indawo ukugxila okubukhali nokuthengiselana ezithakazelweni zikazwelonke ezweni elihlukene kakhulu. Izinhlaka ezisekelwe emithethweni yangemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili zobudlelwano bomhlaba kanye nokusebenzisana ziye zaba buthaka. Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuthi yini engase ilandele.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokho, kube nesithakazelo esikhulayo emandleni e-science diplomacy (umqondo onezincazelo ezahlukene kanye nokugcizelelwa kwabalingisi abahlukene). IKhomishini yaseYurophu kanye namazwe angamalungu e-European Union, amazwe aseningizimu yomhlaba wonke, kanye nezikhungo eziningi zemfundo zinikeza i-science diplomacy iphrofayili enkulu kakhulu.
Isayensi kanye ne-diplomacy sekuyisikhathi eside zikhona ndawonye emkhakheni wamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa kukhona ukungezwani kombono phakathi kwesayensi kanye ne-diplomacy, okuningi kwakho okuxoxwe ngakho emihlanganweni yakamuva eDelhi njengengxenye noma ngokubambisana ne-Raisina Dialogue,
Isayensi kanye ne-diplomacy zivela emasikweni amabili ahlukene kakhulu. Isayensi ngokuyinhloko isebhizinisini lokuxazulula ukungezwani ngokuhlaziya idatha kanye nobufakazi obuqinile; i-diplomacy ikakhulukazi imayelana nokuvikela izintshisekelo zezizwe ngezindlela zokuthula okuhlanganisa izingxoxo kanye nengxoxo. Ngokungenakugwenywa, i-interface iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inezici eziningi.
Izingxoxo zakamuva eDelhi zazihlose ukubhekana nezinkinga zangempela ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwesayensi nezokuxhumana. Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi izithunywa zezombusazwe zingabasiza ngezindlela ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekubambisaneni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa izithunywa zezombusazwe azikuboni lokho njengokuxhumana kwezombusazwe okusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqhubekisela phambili izintshisekelo zezizwe zabo.
Isayensi iwulimi olusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke - kodwa ezweni elihlukene, umkhuba wayo uhileleka kakhulu kwezokuphepha, ezomnotho kanye nezintshisekelo ze-geostrategic.
Isayensi empeleni iwulimi olusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ezomnotho, ezokuphepha kanye nezintshisekelo ze-geostrategic sezihlangene kakhulu, indlela yososayensi abathile yokubhekana namaqiniso aphesheya kwezilwandle isivele isobala kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi iningi lebhizinisi lesayensi lanamuhla liqhutshwa yizintshisekelo zombuso kwezokuphepha kanye/noma emiphumeleni yezomnotho. Kodwa lelo qiniso eliba sobala alilenzi libe lisha - isayensi ibilokhu inabaxhasi bayo - kungaba abavela kuhulumeni, emphakathini noma embonini.
Isayensi ngokwayo ibhekene nezinselelo zayo, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ezindaweni eziningi ezibalulekile kwezemvelo nakwezenhlalo. Njengoba kunikezwe ulwazi olugcwele kakhulu, ukuma kwesayensi njengomthombo weqiniso kuvame ukunganakwa noma kudidaniswe ngamabomu. Ezweni lentando yeningi, ukwahlukana kanye nokwanda kwabantu kuye kwakhuthazwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukulahlekelwa ukwethembana ezikhungweni okuhlanganisa nesayensi. Isayensi kulokhu isibe yindawo yokuthinta kwezepolitiki, ikakhulukazi lapho ibhekene nezintshisekelo ezinamandla. Isibonelo, isayensi izama ukubhekana namaqiniso aqukethwe ohlelweni olubanzi lokuzinza. Kodwa njengoba lolu hlelo lubonakala lungqubuzana nezintshisekelo zomnotho zesikhashana, lungaphazamisa intuthuko edingekayo ezindaweni ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxoxo ezisemthethweni nezendabuko zibonakala zikhungathekiswa kakhulu. Ubudlelwano besikhathi eside buthathelwa indawo ukusebenzisana kwesikhashana kwezentengiselwano. Isayensi ayikwazi ukuzivikela ekungezwani okunjalo; inselele yesayensi ukuthi ingaqinisekiswa kanjani ukuthi ithuthuka njengenzuzo yomphakathi womhlaba wonke ezikhathini zamanje ezingavumelani.
Isayensi, idiplomacy kanye nezintshisekelo zesizwe kuhlobene kakhulu - umhlaba udinga ukusizakala ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwazo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi nje edlule ngo-2015, izivumelwano zaseParis, i-Ajenda ka-2030, i-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), kanye ne-Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, konke kwabonisa ukuthi isayensi yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezintshisekelo zomhlaba wonke zazibonakala zihambisana. Kodwa eminyakeni eyalandela kuningi okushintshile, okuthinta kokubili isayensi kanye ne-diplomacy. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele sibe ngabanqobi. Kunalokho kufanele siqaphele ukuthi isayensi, i-diplomacy kanye nezintshisekelo zezwe kuhlobene kakhulu. Okudingwa umhlaba ukusebenzisana phakathi kwazo. Lokhu kudinga abantu abanamakhono okushintsha amasiko kanye nezinhlaka zazo ezihlukile zobuhlakani.
Intuthuko kuma-SDG ibilokhu idumaza. Kodwa-ke njengoba sisondela ku-2030 isidingo sokwakha umfutho wokubhekana nezinkinga zentshisekelo efanayo yomhlaba wonke noma yesifunda sisaphuthuma. Njengoba lolu hlelo ludinga isivumelwano sezombusazwe, inselele isalokhu iwukukholisa ohulumeni bezizwe ukuthi kungokwenzuzo yabo ukusebenzisana.
Ububanzi bezinkinga ezinjalo ezivamile nezithinta wonke umuntu bukhule kusukela ngo-2015. Ikakhulukazi, uchungechunge lobuchwepheshe obufana nokuxhumana, i-AI, i-quantum kanye ne-synthetic biology bakha isethi entsha yezinkinga zomhlaba wonke eziphathelene ne-commons. Iningi lalezi zobuchwepheshe noma ukusetshenziswa kwazo azilawulwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele kazwelonke. Ukubhekana nokusetshenziswa kwazo kuyinkimbinkimbi yi-technopoles ehlukene kanye nendima yezinkampani ezinkulu ezinentshisekelo yazo.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umhlaba udinga ukwakha kabusha indawo yokubambisana yamazwe amaningi. Izingxabano, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ubhubhane, kanye nomthelela wobuchwepheshe obuphazamisa umphakathi kuyizibonelo ezisobala kakhulu lapho izintshisekelo zemiphakathi yesayensi neyezombusazwe zihlangana khona. Isidingo sendlela yokusebenzisana sisobala. Noma kunjalo, ikhono lokufeza lokho, uma ucabangela ezombusazwe, izinkinga zezimali, kanye nezombusazwe ezihlukene emazweni amaningi, kuyinkinga enkulu.
Indima yezinhlangano ezingezona ezikahulumeni kwezobudlelwano besayensi ayinakushaywa indiva.
Kulesi simo indima yezinhlangano ezingezona ezikahulumeni njenge-International Science Council ayinakushaywa indiva. Uma nje zibhekana nezinkinga lapho zinobuqiniso bokubandakanyeka ngohlaka olusebenzayo, ziqaphela isimo esinzima kakhulu lapho kudingeka khona ushintsho, zingenza iminikelo ebalulekile. Ngaphandle kwemizamo esobala yokudala isikhala esingathathi hlangothi sezingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe noma ukusekela isayensi ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke eziphathelene nezindaba ezivamile, zingadala indawo noma ziqoqe isisekelo sobufakazi lapho kulula khona ukuthi ingxoxo kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe yakheke.
Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuqokwa kukaNobhala-Jikelele olandelayo weZizwe Ezihlangene, ingabe umphakathi wesayensi womhlaba wonke ungahlela indlela engaphambili egwema izinselele ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-SDGs? Singachaza kangcono izakhamuzi ukuthi kungani kudingeka ukucabanga kwesikhathi eside? Singachaza yini ukuthi indlela ehlangene yamazwe ngamazwe akudingeki ichithe izintshisekelo zesizwe? Singakha yini uhlaka lwesenzo sokubambisana esibhekwa njengesingenamqondo futhi esisebenziseka kalula kokubili emigomweni yaso nasekusetshenzisweni kwaso?
Ingabe ososayensi kanye nezikhulu zezombusazwe bangaba abalingani abakhulu? Iqiniso liwukuthi umhlaba ugcwele izintshisekelo ezahlukahlukene futhi lokho kubonakala ngaphakathi naphakathi kwezizwe ezicishe zibe ngu-200 emhlabeni. Isayensi kanye nezikhulu zezombusazwe zombili zijwayele ukubhekana nobunzima ngezindlela zazo. Kodwa ekugcineni isayensi yezombusazwe kumele iqale ngokugxila ezithakazelweni zezwe, noma ngabe inemigomo yesifunda noma yomhlaba wonke, ngaphandle kwalokho cishe izohluleka.
Umgomo wesikhathi eside wesayensi yezokuxhumana kumele kube ukusebenzisa isayensi ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukungezwani ezweni elishintsha ngokushesha futhi elingazinzile. Indawo yokuqala kumele kube ukuqondana okukhulu kokuthi isayensi nezokuxhumana zingasizana kanjani. Okungenani wonke umnyango wezangaphandle udinga ukuba khona okucacile nokusobala kobuchwepheshe besayensi yezokuxhumana. Kudingeka kube ngaphezu kokubonisa ubuciko. Ngaphandle kweYurophu lokhu kusalokhu kunjalo ngokudabukisayo emazweni ambalwa kuphela.
Funda kabanzi mayelana Ososayensi abangaphezu kuka-500 bajoyina iqembu lokuqala lohlelo lokuqeqesha izeluleko zesayensi lwe-ISC-INGSA Funda kabanzi ngesayensi ehlelekile esikhathini se-AI: Ingabe silele sishayela? Funda kabanzi mayelana nesicelo sokuqokwa kochwepheshe ukuze babuyekeze uMbiko Wentuthuko Eqhubekayo Yomhlaba Wonke ka-2027 | isikhathi sokugcina: 31 Julayi 2026 
