Lesi siqeshana siyingxenye yochungechunge lwebhulogi lapho amalungu e-ISC's IKomidi Lenkululeko Nokuzibophezela Kwesayensi (i-CFRS) yabelana ngokucabanga kwayo mayelana ne Thembela kuSayensi ye-Nexus Yenqubomgomo umbiko, okhishwe ngemva komhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi obuhlelwe ngokubambisana yi-International Science Council (ISC) kanye ne-Joint Research Centre ye-European Commission, ngokubambisana noxhaso lwe-US National Science Foundation.
Umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi uhlanganise ochwepheshe ukuze bahlole ukuguquguquka okuyinkimbinkimbi kokwethenjwa kwesayensi ekwenziweni kwenqubomgomo futhi kucutshungulwe umbuzo obalulekile: ngokwezinga elingakanani ukwethemba isayensi ngenqubomgomo kungahlukaniswa emibuzweni ebanzi yokwethenjwa ezikhungweni zentando yeningi?
Mayelana umbhali: UFrançoise Baylis (CM, ONS, PhD, FRSC, FISC) unguSolwazi Ovelele Wocwaningo, u-Emerita eDalhousie University. Uphinde abe yiPhini likaSihlalo, weKomidi le-ISC leNkululeko kanye nokuzibophezela kwezeSayensi (2022-2026) kanye noMongameli weRoyal Society of Canada (2025-2028).
Umbiko ka-2025 Thembela kuSayensi ye-Nexus Yenqubomgomo ihlose ukusekela ososayensi endimeni yokuba umthengisi othembekile. I Umbiko igcizelela ngokukhethekile “isidingo sezinqubo zesayensi ezingafihli, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, nezihlanganisayo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukwethenjwa, [futhi iphakamisa] ukuthi ososayensi basebenze ‘njengabadayisi abaqotho’ ukuze kube lula lokhu kuthembana.” Lo mbono udinga ukuqonda okucacile kwendima 'yomthengisi oqotho' kanye nemikhawulo yayo.
In the Umthengisi Othembekile: Ukwenza Umuzwa Wesayensi Nezepolitiki U-Roger Pielke Jr. uchaza izindima ezine ezinconyiwe zososayensi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngentando yeningi - 'usosayensi omsulwa', 'umxazululi wesayensi',' ummeli wezindaba' kanye 'nomthengisi othembekile wezinye izindlela zenqubomgomo'. Eyokugcina yalezi zindima ezine ivamise ukubhekiselwa kuyo ngesasasa elikhulu emibikweni yenqubomgomo ebhalwe ososayensi nabakhi benqubomgomo. Kunjalo ngombiko osanda kushicilelwa Thembela kuSayensi ye-Nexus Yenqubomgomo.
'Usosayensi omsulwa' kanye 'nomxazululi wezesayensi' kuyimifanekiso yososayensi ababalekela ukusebenzelana nenqubomgomo, bakhethe ukusebenza ngokuyinhloko njengezinsiza zolwazi. Ngokuphambene kakhulu, 'umgqugquzeli wendaba' ubhekisela kososayensi abenza inqubomgomo, futhi ngokuvamile balwela isayensi ehambisana nenketho yenqubomgomo ethile. Futhi, ekugcineni, kukhona 'umdayisi othembekile wezinketho zenqubomgomo', ososayensi abazibandakanya ekwenziweni kwenqubomgomo, ngaphandle kokuzama ukushushumbisa igunya lesayensi ezingxoxweni ekugcineni ezimayelana namagugu.
Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, 'umdayisi oqotho' uhlose ukwandisa ingxoxo yenqubomgomo kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano ngokwandisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zenqubomgomo ezicutshungulwayo. 'Umthengisi oqotho' wenza lo msebenzi wokuhweba, eshiya abenzi benqubomgomo ukuthi benze umsebenzi wezepolitiki wokunciphisa izinketho zenqubomgomo futhi ekugcineni bakhethe inketho ekhethwayo. Kwabaningi, ukwamukela lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezibopho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokwakha ukwethembana phakathi kososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nomphakathi.
Kwami imibhalo yakho, ngishintsha indima 'yomthengisi othembekile' ngifake 'idiplomat yesayensi'. Ngokwejwayelekile, isikhulu sezobuchwephesha ngumuntu onekhono ekusizeni ubuqotho obusekelwe olwazini-ukulondoloza ukuyekethisa endleleni eya ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngokuhlanganyela. Emkhakheni wobuchwephesha besayensi, umsebenzi wenxusa lesayensi ubandakanya ukucacisa izisekelo zesayensi zezinketho zenqubomgomo ezehlukene, ukuhlonza amaphuzu anentshisekelo efanayo kanye nokuhlangana kuzungeze isayensi, futhi, ngokufanelekile, nokwandisa. noma ukunciphisa (ukunweba noma ukwenza isivumelwano; enothisa noma ukuqeda) izinketho zenqubomgomo ezicutshungulwayo. Intshiseko yendima 'yenxusa lesayensi' kulula ukuyiqonda ngesikhathi lapho ingxoxo nenkulumo-mpikiswano kubuswa ukungaqiniseki kwesayensi, ukungqubuzana kwamagugu, kanye namaphutha amakhulu kanye nokungahloniphi.
'Isazi sesayensi' siyaqonda ukuthi yonke isayensi igcwele inani futhi iyakwamukela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe ekwenzeni izinqumo zesayensi abufani nobungcweti bokwenza izahlulelo ezivamile noma izahlulelo zezombusazwe. Alikho inani lolwazi lwesayensi elingahlanganisa ukuhluka kwenani noma linqobe ukungezwani kwezepolitiki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe besayensi abukho igunya langaphambi kwezepolitiki.
'Inxusa lesayensi' lisiza ukuvumelanisa ulwazi lwesayensi nezimiso kanye nezintshisakalo ukuze kucaciswe ukuthi yiziphi izinketho zenqubomgomo ezisekela iziphi izinjongo zenqubomgomo. Ngale ndlela, 'inxusa lesayensi' lisiza kunokuba liqondise inqubo yokwenza inqubomgomo ngaleyo ndlela ivikele “ukuzimela kwesayensi nobuqotho ekugxambukeleni kwezombusazwe.” Ukuxoxisana, ukuxoxisana, kanye nokuyekethisa kuwumsebenzi womenzi wenqubomgomo, hhayi umsebenzi 'wenxusa lesayensi'.
Lapho isayensi isengcupheni, njengoba kwenzeka njengamanje, 'ummeli wesayensi' uyadingeka ukuze alwele ukuphishekela ulwazi futhi adicilele phansi isimangalo esingamanga sokuthi isayensi iyingxenye yombuso ovukile. Lo msebenzi ohlangothini 'lommeli wesayensi' udala indawo eyigugu 'yosochwepheshe besayensi' ukuba benze umsebenzi wabo, okuthi uma wenziwe kahle, usize ekukhuthazeni ukwethenjwa kwesayensi.
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