Ukuphishekela umsebenzi wesayensi namuhla kubukeka kuhluke kakhulu emashumini eminyaka edlule.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha buyasheshisa futhi bushintsha izici eziningi zebhizinisi lesayensi. Umphakathi wesayensi womhlaba wonke nawo uyanda futhi uthuthuka ngale kwamalebhu nezikhungo zemfundo zendabuko. Ngokubambisana ne Usosayensi Osebenzayo Wemisebenzi Yemvelo i-podcast kanye ne-China Association for Science and Technology, i-International Science Council ikhiqize i-podcast eneziqephu eziyisithupha ukuhlola indlela ososayensi abasebasha abangathuthukisa ngayo umsebenzi wabo ohlelweni lwanamuhla olushintshayo lwemvelo.
Abacwaningi babhekene nezingcindezi eziningi zobungcweti: umthwalo wemisebenzi osindayo, ingcindezi yokushicilela, kanye nenselele yokuthola uxhaso. Izinkontileka zesikhashana kanye namaholo aphansi nakho kungaholela empilweni yokungabi nathemba. Izidingo kososayensi ziya ngokuya ziba zinkulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingcindezi ezifana nezilinganiso ezintsha zokuhlola, isabelomali esingesihle, izikhundla ezimbalwa kwezemfundo, kanye nezinhlelo zokushicilela ezidla inyama.
Kulabo abasanda kuqala lo mkhakha, ijubane nokungaqiniseki kwale ndawo entsha kungazwakala kukhungathekisa. Ososayensi bavame ukuzama ukulinganisa yonke into, kodwa lo mkhankaso wokukhiqiza kakhulu ungaholela ekukhathaleni. Futhi ukukhathala akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa umsebenzi wakho - kuthinta impilo yakho yonke.
Noma kunjalo, lezi zinguquko ziphinde zidale amathuba amasha okucabanga kabusha ngendlela isayensi eyenziwa ngayo, indlela ososayensi abambisana ngayo, nokuthi bangazinakekela kanjani.
“Impilo yososayensi ngeke isaba yinto eyodwa,” kusho uSolwazi Robbert Dijkgraaf, isazi sesayensi yethiyori kanye noMongameli Okhethiwe we-International Science Council. “Ungaya kweminye imikhakha, ungaba matasa ekufinyeleleni umphakathi, ekukhulumisaneni.”
Enye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibonakala namuhla ukukhula okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nedatha enkulu kwisayensi. Lawa mathuluzi abelokhu ekhona ocwaningweni isikhathi eside, kodwa manje asefinyelele eqophelweni eliphezulu. Ososayensi bahlanganisa i-AI kuyo yonke inqubo yocwaningo - kusukela ekubuyekezweni kwezincwadi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemibuzo kuya ezindleleni, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha, ngisho nokushicilelwa.
Lobu buchwepheshe buza nezinselele. Abanye besaba ukuthi i-AI ingasusa abacwaningi babantu noma ikhuthaze ukukhwabanisa kwesayensi. Kodwa uma isetshenziswa ngendlela yokuziphatha, la mathuluzi angathuthukisa kakhulu ucwaningo kuzo zonke izigaba. “Emashumini eminyaka, inqubo yesayensi yahlala ingashintshi,” kusho uDijkgraaf. Manje, i-AI iyayiguqula – isheshisa ukutholakala kwe-protein biology, ithuthukisa amamodeli esimo sezulu, futhi ithola izindlela ezintsha zezibalo. I-AI ivumela ososayensi ukuthi babuze imibuzo eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphambili futhi babhekane namasimu ngezindlela ezintsha ngokuphelele.
Noma kunjalo, akuyona into yamahhala kubo bonke. Ukuqina kwesayensi, ukucaca, kanye nesayensi evulekile kusabalulekile. “Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sisebenzisa i-AI noma sisebenzisa amanye amathuluzi, isayensi yilokho esikwenzayo,” kusho uDkt. Mercè Crosas, uMqondisi weSayensi Yezenhlalo Nezobuntu e-Barcelona Supercomputing Center kanye noMongameli we-CODATA.
Abacwaningi kufanele basebenzise lobu buchwepheshe obusha njengamathuluzi kunokuba basebenzise ezinye izindlela zokuqhubeka nokuhlola kwabo. Njengoba nje bengacaphuna imithombo emaphepheni, kufanele baveze obala ekusebenziseni kwabo ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze balondoloze ukwethembeka. Izindlela, idatha, kanye nomsebenzi kufanele kutholakale, kufinyeleleke, futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha ngabanye.
Enye indlela yokuhlanganisa amathuluzi amasha ukusebenzisana. Esimweni socwaningo lwanamuhla, ososayensi bangabambisana kalula kuzo zonke izigaba nemingcele. Izinselele azivamile ukwahlukana - eziningi zabelwana ngazo emhlabeni wonke futhi zakhiwe amandla amakhulu omphakathi. Isayensi ingasebenza njengolimi oluvamile lokuhlanganisa abantu nokuthuthukisa izixazululo.
Ososayensi kufanele futhi babe nomqondo ovulekile futhi bazame ukweqa imingcele evamile yezifundo zesayensi. Ukuxhumana nabantu kwezinye imikhakha yesayensi nokuxazulula izinkinga ngezindlela ezahlukene kungasiza ekuxazululeni imibuzo enzima. Lokhu kungaba nzima ohlelweni lwesayensi lwamanje, kodwa akudingeki kwenzeke konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuhlangana nabantu emikhakheni ehlobene nokuqala ubudlelwano kusenesikhathi kungabeka isisekelo esiqinile sokusebenzisana kwesikhathi esizayo.
Ukubambisana akufanele kukhawulelwe kososayensi: isayensi ivame ukudinga ukuzibandakanya nabathintekayo abahlukahlukene abafanele, njengohulumeni, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, kanye nemiphakathi yasendaweni. Ukwakha amabhuloho phakathi kwale mikhakha kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ingxoxo nokuthola izixazululo zesikhathi eside. Izindima kunqubomgomo yesayensi, idiplomacy, kanye nokumela zingaba usizo ekuhlanganiseni la maqembu.
Abacwaningi abasebancane kufanele bakwazi ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sishintsha kangakanani, ukuhumusha okutholwe yizilaleli ezahlukene kusabalulekile. Lapho ososayensi bekhuluma ngendlela esetshenziswa kakhulu, baphuthelwa amathuba okuxhumana nomphakathi.
“Kuyinto oyenzayo, futhi uyathuthuka,” kusho uCharah Watson, uMqondisi Omkhulu e-Scientific Research Council eKingston, eJamaica. “Udinga leyo ndlela yokubambisana ekubhekaneni nezinkinga noma izinselele futhi ubone ukuvumelana nemikhakha ehlukahlukene engase ihileleke.”
Indlela yomsebenzi wesayensi igcwele ukungaqiniseki kanye nokuncintisana. Lezi zingcindezi azibathinti bonke ososayensi ngokulinganayo: eNingizimu Yomhlaba, kunezinsiza ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo. Ososayensi kulezi zifunda bavame ukusebenza kanzima ngenxa yamathuba ambalwa akhona.
“Kufanele uncintisane ngoxhaso noma izikhundla ezizokuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise umsebenzi wakho,” kusho uDkt. Yensi Flores Bueso, uSihlalo Obambisene we-Global Young Academy kanye noMsebenzi kaMarie-Curie. Fellow e-Institute for Protein Design kanye naseCancer Research Centre e-University College Cork.
“Kubalulekile ukuthi ososayensi bazinakekele – balondoloze umsebenzi womzimba, balale, badle ukudla okunempilo, kanye nemisebenzi engaphandle komsebenzi,” kusho uSolwazi Lori Foster, uMongameli we-International Association of Applied Psychology.
Ukusekelwa kwenethiwekhi kungaba yinzuzo enkulu kokubili ekuthuthukisweni kobungcweti kanye nokomuntu siqu. Izinhlangano nezingqungquthela zinganikeza amathuba okwakha amanethiwekhi ososayensi abangathembela kuwo. Abeluleki nabo bayisisetshenziswa esibalulekile: bangabelana ngezifundo zabo zokuphila futhi basize ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinguquko, ikusasa lesayensi liqhakazile. Ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokusebenzisana kuphefumula impilo entsha ebhizinisini. Futhi abacwaningi abasebasha, bedlula kulezi zinguquko futhi bebamba amathuba, bayingxenye ebalulekile yalo.
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