Umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi uzobhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokwethenjwa kwesayensi ekwenzeni inqubomgomo, kugxilwe kukho kokubili ukwethenjwa komphakathi kanye nokwethenjwa kwabakhi benqubomgomo. Ihlelwe yi-International Science Council (ISC) kanye ne Isikhungo Sokuxhumana Esihlangene (JRC), umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi uhlanganisa ndawonye abacwaningi abaholayo, ososayensi, kanye nabalingisi bakahulumeni ukuze bahlole izixazululo zokukhuthaza ukwethenjwa ngezeluleko zesayensi phakathi nokukhuphuka kolwazi olunganembile nezinselele zezombusazwe. Izingxoxo zizoba nesandla ekulolongeni ikusasa lesayensi lenqubomgomo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-European Union.
Sir Peter Gluckman, UMongameli we-ISC, uvule umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi namuhla oqokomisa ukungathembeki okukhulayo kwesayensi, okuqhutshwa ulwazi olunganembile, ukuhlukaniswa kwezepolitiki, kanye nokungakhulumisani kahle. Wagcizelela isidingo sokuhlukanisa isayensi kwezinye izinhlelo zolwazi, evuma ukulimala kwesayensi yesikhathi esidlule, futhi wacela ososayensi ukuba basebenze njengabadayisi abathembekile ukuze bakhe kabusha ukuthembela ekwenziweni kwezinqubomgomo ezinolwazi lwesayensi.
Ngishaywe ngolunye usuku u-a amazwana eyenziwe ngumhlaziyi waseMelika ophiko lwesokudla owedlulele owathi “Angiyena umuntu oyisicaba. Angiyena umuntu oyisiyingi. Empeleni, engiyikho ngumuntu ohambile inkolo yesayensi". Lawa magama anezincazelo eziningi. Zimelela isibonelo esidlulele sezindaba esilapha ukuze sixoxe ngazo. Zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi nakuba singase sizibonele ukuthi isayensi iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda umhlaba obonakalayo, ukwethemba ukuthi isayensi iyini, kuyilapho ibucayi, ingaphansi kwenselele. Futhi singaba ubuwula ukwenqaba lolu hlobo lwesitatimende njengesifo saseMelika kuphela noma ukuphikisa ngokuthi akuyona into ejwayelekile. Kungakhathaleki isibalo sokungabethembi komuntu siqu isayensi, umthelela wabo unomthelela osobala wokuthi imiphakathi yenza kanjani izinqumo ezindabeni eziningi noma ngabe inani langempela labantu abangabethembi lihlukaniswe izingxenye - kodwa liyakhula linganciphi ngosayizi. Njengoba u-Evans noCollins babonisa encwadini yabo Kungani amademokhrasi edinga isayensi, indima ebalulekile yesayensi emibusweni yentando yeningi ukubeka imiphakathi yosizo ukuze yenze izinqumo ezingcono.
Kubonakala kuzuzisa ukuqala ngokuzikhumbuza ukuthi isayensi iyini: Uhlelo lolwazi oluhlelekile - olusekelwe ekuhloleni nasekuhloleni. Izincazelo zingasekelwe kuphela ku-causal reality, logic, kanye nokuqaphelisisa okwedlule - ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi 'izincazelo ezingajulile'. Izincazelo ezisekelwe ekucabangeleni nje okucabangelayo nokungasekelwe emiphumeleni, kungaba ezenkolo noma inkolelo noma izincazelo 'ezijulile' azifakiwe. Izimangalo ezingenakho ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngontanga yochwepheshe abasemthethweni noma abangakahleleki akumele zithathwe njengengxenye yesayensi. Le migomo, hhayi izindlela noma amaqiniso, ichaza isayensi evumela ukubuyekezwa okuphindaphindwayo kanye nokuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi njengoba kubhekwa futhi kuhlanganiswa okusha. Yilezi zimiso ezenza isayensi ibe yindawo yonke. Ngokubalulekile zisebenza yonke indawo nakuwo wonke amasiko.
Isayensi ihlukile ezimisweni zayo ezivumela isayensi ukuthi inikeze indlela enokwethenjelwa nehlanganisa yonke yokuqonda indawo yonke nomhlaba osizungezile nangaphakathi kwethu.
Kodwa kukhona ingozi engenzeka. Njengoba uClark, uPinker nabanye babhala2:
ThIsimiso esiyisisekelo sesayensi siwukuthi ubufakazi - hhayi igunya, isiko, ukukhuluma ngobuciko, noma udumo emphakathini - kufanele kuphumelele. Lokhu kuzibophezela kwenza isayensi ibe namandla amakhulu emphakathini: inselele futhi iphazamise izinganekwane ezingcwele, izinkolelo ezithandwayo, kanye nezindaba ezixoxwayo ezifiselekayo emphakathini. Ngakho-ke, isayensi ibhekene nokungezwani nezinye izikhungo, kwesinye isikhathi idala ubutha nokucwaninga.
Lokhu akugcini nje esiphethweni esisodwa esidlulele sochungechunge lwezepolitiki; sikubonile ngaphambilini ezingxoxweni ze-postmodernist kanye ne-relativistic mayelana nokuba semthethweni kwesayensi.
Kufanele nokho sehlukanise ukuthi iyini isayensi ezinhlelweni zesayensi ezavela ukuze zikhiqize noma zisebenzise isayensi3. Lokhu kwakamuva kuhluka kakhulu futhi kuthonywa umongo, amasiko nezisusa. Kubandakanya izikhungo ezixhasa ngemali, ezifundisayo, ezishicilela isayensi, imfundo ephakeme kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo; zibandakanya imboni yezokuvikela kanye nezimele kanye nezinye izingxenye zomphakathi. Lapha kufanele sithembeke futhi sivume ukuthi isayensi yesikhungo ibe negalelo kokuhle nokubi futhi inamandla ayo okuguquguquka.
Kodwa isayensi akulona kuphela uhlelo lolwazi olusetshenziswa abantu. Ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke abantu basebenzisa futhi bahlanganise izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zolwazi, kuhlanganisa nalezo ezichaza ubunikazi babo, izindinganiso, kanye nemibono yomhlaba; lokhu kungase kube indawo, indabuko, inkolo, amasiko, noma imvelaphi yomsebenzi. Isayensi izosetshenziswa kakhulu lapho ososayensi bevuma imingcele yayo futhi beqonda ukuthi ukuze isayensi ithenjwe futhi isetshenziswe kangcono, kufanele bavumele ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zolwazi zivame ukudlala indima endleleni esiphila ngayo kanye nomphakathi othatha izinqumo.
Sikhathazekile ngezinto ezithize ezigqagqene nezihlobene lapho sikhuluma ngokuthembela kwisayensi. Ake ngibhale eyami i-idiosyncratic taxonomy yezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe.
1. Ukukhiqizwa kolwazi oluthembekile - kuningi osekubhaliwe ngakho. Impela akukhona konke okuhamba kahle embonini yesayensi, kodwa lokhu akuyona into esigxile kuyo kakhulu namuhla. Ziningi kakhulu izisusa zokugxumela eziphethweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuze ube nedizayini yocwaningo yobudlabha, kanye nokukhwabanisa kwesayensi ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele. Kodwa izikhungo zezinhlelo zesayensi zisebenza kanzima ngeziqondiso nezinqubo zokuqeda ukuziphatha okubi emphakathini wesayensi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa kuwumzamo womuntu, futhi izibonelo ezimbi kakhulu zenza izindaba ezinhle zemidiya.
2. Okwesibili ukuxhumana kwalokho esikwaziyo noma ngokwethembeka kakhulu esicabanga ukuthi siyakwazi. Kunokuthambekela okukhulu kososayensi ukuthi bangalinaki igebe lokuhlukanisa, njengoba uHeather Douglas elichaza4, phakathi kwalokho esikwaziyo nesiphethayo. Ukuqagela kuvame ukuvunyelwa, ukungaqiniseki akunakwa - njengoba sasibona kaningi ekuxhumaneni kwe-Covid. Ukungavumelani kwesayensi kungadlalwa esidlangalaleni, i-hubris exudes, i-jargon isetshenziswa ngokweqile. Ososayensi nezikhungo zabo bahle kakhulu ku-hyperbole. Okutholwe ngamangqamuzana amancane kungaguqulwa kube yizihloko ezilapha umdlavuza noma isifo sikashukela. Ucwaningo olwenziwa e-Australia lubonise ukuthi iminyango yenyuvesi neyesibhedlela yezoBudlelwane Bomphakathi inikela kanjani ku-hyperbole futhi umphakathi awuzona izimungulu futhi ungakuzwa lokhu. Umphakathi wethu ngokuqinisekile unomthelela ezinseleleni zawo.
3. Bese kuba nodaba lokubonwa ngalo ngumamukeli. Izifundo eziningi ezishicilelwe nezibuyekezo mayelana nokwethembana zivela kwizazi zefilosofi nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezigxile ebudlelwaneni bomuntu ngamunye - ukuthi lokho kwakhiwa futhi kusekelwe kanjani. Ukuthi abalingani ababili ebhizinisini noma abasebudlelwaneni bothando bagcina kanjani ukwethembana kwabo. Nalu uhlobo oluthile lokubuyisela. Kodwa uma umuntu esuka ekusebenzelaneni komuntu nomuntu kuya ohlelweni-eya-emphakathini, angiqiniseki kangako, ngezinga esingalikhipha ngalolo hlobo lokufunda lokuthembela kuye ezinseleleni esixoxa ngazo. Kodwa isayensi eningi ayizinaki noma ibonise ama-hubris kunoma yikuphi ukufana kobudlelwano nomphakathi.
4. Bese kuba nodaba lwama-anchoring biases kanye naleyo psychology eyisisekelo okumele siyixoxe. Olunye uhlobo lokuchema okuqinisayo lokubaluleka okukhulayo lusekuhlanganiseni kobunikazi - lapho umuntu ethatha imibono yakhe ibe ngeyeqembu afuna ukuxutshwa nalo. Njengoba imibuso yentando yeningi ekhululekile isiye yahlukaniswa kakhulu, ukuhlangana komazisi kudlala indima enkulu ngokwedlulele njengoba sibona kudlala ngezindlela eziningi.
Ngokusobala eMelika nakwamanye amazwe abizwa ngenkululeko yentando yeningi ukuhlotshaniswa kwesayensi nokuzihlanganisa nepolitiki kubi kakhulu. Isayensi yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu iphakanyiswe njengemvula. Kodwa kukhona nezindaba ezijulile. Njengoba uSchoufele ecashunwa muva nje5:
Isayensi incike embonweni womphakathi wokuthi idala ulwazi ngendlela eqondile nangendlela engathathi hlangothi kwezombusazwe. Lapho silahlekelwa yileso sici sokwethenjwa, sivele sibe ngesinye sezikhungo eziningi, .., eziye zahlupheka ngenxa yamazinga aqeda ngokushesha ukwethenjwa komphakathi.
5. Futhi lapha siza kwezinye izindaba ezisheshayo. Izindaba ezihlobene zokwehlukanisa okuthintayo, ukulahlekelwa ukwethembana okuvundlile emphakathini (ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuthembana komphakathi lapho amaqembu engasathembani futhi engasafuni ukubambisana) futhi ikakhulukazi, indaba yokwehla ngokushesha kokuthembana kwesikhungo. Kube nokulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa kuzo zombili izikhungo kanye nabalingisi bazo ngaphakathi kwenkululeko yentando yeningi. Okusobala kakhulu kosopolitiki, abezindaba, izikhungo zezimali, amaphoyisa kodwa amanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo zesayensi zibambeke ngokulinganayo kukho. Nakuba ukwethenjwa kwesayensi kuvame ukuba phezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izikhungo eziphakeme, kulandele ukwehla okufanayo okuvamile.
Kodwa umbuzo usasele. Singakwazi yini ukususa ukwehla kokuthenjwa kwesayensi kusukela ekuwohlokeni okujwayelekile kokuthenjwa kwesikhungo. I-parallel ku-trendlines iphakamisa ukuthi kuzoba nzima. Kodwa uma kubhekwa ukuthi igcine izinga eliphezulu lokuthembela elihlobene nabanye abakhethekile, kungenzeka. Umsebenzi omningi wakamuva weqembu lami usezicini ezithinta ukwethenjwa komphakathi kanye nesikhungo esimweni sokuxoxisana ngokubumbana komphakathi.6. Asikwazi ukuziba izindaba zokungalingani kanye nokukhishwa inyumbazane ekudicileleni phansi ukwethenjwa kwesikhungo.
6. Kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuncintisana nomkhiqizo osusekhona. Imboni yefa yahlela ngokushesha, yakhiqiza isayensi mbumbulu, yenza umkhankaso osebenzayo wokubulala izidumbu, yaqasha osopolitiki futhi umzamo ohlangene waba nefa elihlala isikhathi eside. Kwakuyindaba yemajarini ngokumelene nebhotela njengoba ilandiswa umufi uCallestous Juma encwadini yakhe emangalisayo, Ukuqamba kanye nezitha zakho.
7. Kodwa ngale kwezithakazelo ezisobala ezaholela ekutheni imajarini ibukeke phansi imboni yobisi, umbuzo kufanele uzibuze ukuthi yini egqugquzela abantu abaningi kangaka ukuba bahlanganyele ekudicileleni phansi isayensi? Ingabe kuhlale kuyinto ethize nepolitiki noma lokhu akuhlukile yini nobubi obenza sibubone kaningi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana? Iyini i-psychology ye-disinformation purveyor. Ingabe bahlala benentshisekelo yokudlala. Impela, ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, ama-shaman nabapristi, omashiqela, nama-autocrat baye basebenzisa i-disinformation nenkulumo-ze ukuze balondoloze amandla ngezindlela eziningi.
Futhi manje ngenxa yokukhululeka kwezinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nemodeli yebhizinisi yabagqugquzeli, i-disinformation nayo isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuzijabulisa ephazamisayo.
Kubonakala sengathi sidlulele ngalé kokwamukela isayensi ngokukhetha - lokho kokunyakaza okuluhlaza okungavuma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kodwa kwenqabe ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo noma ilungelo eliqinile elizokwamukela i-GM hhayi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ukuze manje enqabe kabanzi 'inkolo yesayensi.'
Ngakho-ke ngobuningi balabo abangabazi, ingabe manje sekuyithuluzi elilodwa nje lokubonisa ukwethembeka eqenjini elihlonzayo (elihlanganiswe izintshisekelo noma imizwa) - ukubukela phansi noma yini elele ngaphandle kweqembu? Amathiyori wozungu nokungathembani, ukuhlanganisa ubuwena kanye ne-polarization kuyahambisana. Inkundla yezokuxhumana isheshise zonke lezi zinto futhi yakhulisa umthelela nomthelela wazo.
8. Esinye isici singangeza uphethiloli kule ngxube. Umphakathi wesayensi uvame ukukhohlwa kalula ukuthi isayensi nobuchwepheshe nakho kuyalimaza. I-Thalidomide, i-eugenics, ukuhlolwa kwe-Tuskegee - ziyisibonelo esithatha ulimi njengesayensi embi. Futhi-ke, ingxenye enkulu yesayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba ithuthukiswa ngokushesha kakhulu kwezempi. kodwa kunezinye eziningi eziwumphumela womphumela ongahlosiwe wesayensi enhle. Isimo esiphuthumayo sezulu siwumphumela wesayensi nobunjiniyela bokudala izinjini nezimboni ezisekelwe kuphethiloli. Ukukhuluphala kuhlobene kakhulu nesayensi yokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezimboni, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo entsheni zigqugquzelwa isayensi yedijithali nokusebenzisa kwabo. Isayensi yezomnotho iholele ezinkambisweni ezibhebhezela ukungalingani.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obulandelayo buvela ngezinga eliwohlozayo futhi ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokulawula okuqondisayo, yini ezoletha i-Artificial Intelligence, i-synthetic biology kanye nenani, okungenani ekukhuliseni ukwesaba komphakathi. Futhi ukwesaba kungumthombo we-polarization kanye nokushintshela ku-autocracy.
Silapha ngoba siletha ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene kule mibono neminye engingazange ngiyicabange, futhi ngenxa yokuthi sivumelana nokulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa kwesayensi yesimanje kufanele kukhawulele ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezihlangene, futhi lokho kufanele ekugcineni kulimaza umphakathi futhi kuvimbele inqubekelaphambili.
Ngibheke ngabomvu umhlangano omnandi futhi ngibonge i-JRC ngomusa wayo.
Iworkshop yezinsuku ezimbili izocubungula le mibuzo elandelayo:
Iworkshop futhi ihlose ukubheka ukuthi hlobo luni lokubandakanya i-ISC lwesikhathi esizayo esihlokweni sesayensi yokuthembana.
Image by UTerry Johnston ku-Flickr
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlanganisa isayensi nokuphatha eLatin America naseCaribbean Funda kabanzi ngesayensi yesimanje: abashayeli be-geostrategic, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi abashintshayo Funda kabanzi ngalokho okwembulwe yiSuku Lesayensi lika-2026 ngesahluko esilandelayo senqubomgomo yesayensi 
