Mayelana umbhali: UProf. Pascale Ehrenfreund unguMongameli we-COSPAR. Sekungamashumi eminyaka efaka isandla ku-ESA kanye ne-NASA yesayensi yezinkanyezi kanye nemishini yeplanethi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Earth orbit ephansi kanye ne-International Space Station. Ufakwe ohlwini lwe-Stanford World Ranking Top 2% Scientists 2022. I-asteroid "9826 Ehrenfreund 2114 T-3" inegama lakhe.
Ukwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese, ukwehla kwezindleko, kanye namathuba okuhweba akhulayo kusheshisa ukukhula komnotho wasemkhathini, njengoba amazwe angaphezu kuka-90 manje enza imisebenzi yasemkhathini. Naphezu kwalo mfutho, isayensi yasemkhathini ihlala ingenye yezinkambu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokuxhumanisa imingcele. Okutholakele okwenziwa engxenyeni eyodwa yomhlaba kungaba negalelo kanjani ekuqhubekeleni phambili okwabiwe emhlabeni jikelele?
Esikhathini lapho impumelelo yesayensi ikhula ngesivinini futhi ilukuluku lethu elihlangene mayelana nomkhathi liya lijula, ukubambisana akukaze kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinkimbinkimbi zocwaningo lwasemkhathini, kusukela ekubukeni koMhlaba kuya ekuhloleni amaplanethi ne-astrophysics, azidingi nje kuphela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, kodwa futhi nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okudidiyelwe nokubandakanyayo. Yilapho kanye I-COSPAR ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile.
By ukuhlanganisa ososayensi nabacwaningi abangaphezu kuka-14,000 emhlabeni wonke, IKomidi Lokucwaninga Kwemkhathi (i-COSPAR), Ilungu LoMkhandlu Wesayensi Yamazwe Ngamazwe (i-ISC), idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukusebenzisana komhlaba wonke kwisayensi yasemkhathini. Njengenkundla engathathi hlangothi futhi eguquguqukayo yososayensi abavela emhlabeni wonke, i-COSPAR isiza ukushintshisana ngolwazi, iqondanise izinto ezibalulekile ocwaningweni, futhi isiza ukunqoba izithiyo ekuphishekeleni intuthuko yesayensi ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu.
Yasungulwa ngo-1958 ngaphansi koMkhandlu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wezinyunyana Zesayensi (manje i-International Science Council), i-COSPAR yasungulwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi ngomsebenzi oyingqayizivele: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshana kwamahhala kolwazi lwesayensi oluhlobene nocwaningo lwasemkhathini, kungakhathaliseki ukuhlukana kwezwe. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha kamuva, leyo mishini isasebenza ngokujulile.
Namuhla, i-COSPAR ihlanganisa ndawonye ososayensi basemkhathini, onjiniyela nabafundi abavela ezizindeni nasezikhungweni ezihlukahlukene, okuvumela ukubambisana phakathi kwemingcele kazwelonke neyokuqondisa izigwegwe. Umnyombo wempumelelo ehlala njalo ye-COSPAR ukuzibophezela kwayo ekwenzeni okuhle nokungathathi hlangothi. Ayithathi izikhundla zezepolitiki noma ihambisane nanoma iyiphi i-ajenda kazwelonke. Kunalokho, isebenza njengenkundla ethembekile lapho imibono yesayensi ingashintshaniswa ngokukhululekile, ngemihlangano yesayensi, ama-symposia, namaphaneli ayo amaningi namakhomishini. Lokhu kungathathi hlangothi kukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okulinganayo okuvela emazweni anamakhono ahlukahlukene emkhathini futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe asafufusa asemkhathini angaba negalelo elibonakalayo ezingxoxweni zomhlaba wonke futhi afunde.
Isayensi yesikhala ngokwemvelo ihlukene phakathi. Kusukela ku-heliophysics kuya ekuvikelweni kweplanethi, ukuqonda iSolar System yethu nendawo yonke kudinga ulwazi olusuka kusayensi yezinkanyezi, i-physics, chemistry, biology, kanye nobunjiniyela. I-COSPAR ikukhuthaza ngenkuthalo lokhu kubambisana kwezifundo ngokuhlela amaqembu asebenzayo, amaphaneli esayensi, namaphrojekthi okuhlanganyela ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuvela emikhakheni ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, the Iphaneli Yokuvikela Iplanethi ihlanganisa ndawonye ongoti bezinto eziphilayo ezincane kanye nonjiniyela ukuze bakhe iziqondiso ezamukelwa emhlabeni wonke zokuvikela izindikimba zasemkhathini ekungcoleni kwezinto eziphilayo phakathi nomsebenzi womkhathi.
I-COSPAR iphinde ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-ejensi asemkhathini wamazwe ngamazwe, izikhungo zocwaningo, nabalingisi bezinkampani ezizimele. Ngale mizamo, izimishini zingakhela phezu kokutholwe omunye komunye, kuncishiswe ukuphindaphinda futhi kwandise ukubuya kwesayensi. Ukuxhumana okunjalo kubalulekile endaweni lapho imisebenzi ngokuvamile ihilela ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile, ubungozi bobuchwepheshe, nemigqa yesikhathi emide.
Inhlangano iphinde isebenze njengomzila obalulekile wokusabalalisa imiphumela yesayensi. Amajenali ayo abuyekezwe ontanga - Intuthuko Ocwaningweni Lwemkhathi futhi Isayensi Yezempilo Ocwaningweni Lwemkhathi - hlinzeka ngezinkundla ezifinyelelekayo ukuze abacwaningi babelane ngemininingwane emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-COSPAR isanda kwethula i- uchungechunge lwezincwadi ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwentuthuko kulo mkhakha.
Titan Ngemva kweCassini-Huygens
Lo mqulu wokuqala ku-COSPAR Book Series wethula isifinyezo solwazi lwethu nge-Titan, okuhlanganisa nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, i-geology, isayensi yomkhathi namandla ezinkanyezi. Iyatholakala kulekwindla.
Enye yamandla e-COSPAR agxile ekuzinikeleni kwayo emfundweni nasekuthuthukiseni amakhono. Iqaphela ukuthi ubuhle besayensi abugcini kunoma yisiphi isifunda esisodwa, i-COSPAR isekela ngenkuthalo ukubamba iqhaza kwabacwaningi bemisebenzi yangaphambi kwesikhathi nososayensi abavela emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi. Ngemihlangano yayo Yokucobelelana ngolwazi Yokwakha Amakhono, izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe kothisha, kanye Fellowship Izinhlelo, i-COSPAR isiza ukuqeqesha isizukulwane esilandelayo sososayensi basemkhathini.
Inhlangano iphinde ikhuthaze izinqubo zocwaningo lokuziphatha, ukuphathwa kwemvelo, nokuhlola okunesibopho. Ngokushumeka lawa magugu emsebenzini wayo wokuhlanganyela, i-COSPAR inikela ekwakhekeni komphakathi wesayensi yasemkhathini osungula izinto ezintsha futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini.
As inkathi entsha yokuhlola umkhathi iyembuleka, ebonakala ngokuhambela kwenyanga, izifiso ze-Mars, nemboni ezimele ekhulayo, isidingo sokubambisana kwembulunga yonke siyaqhubeka sanda. Ukuzibophezela kwe-COSPAR okunesikhathi eside engxoxweni phakathi kwabo bonke ababambiqhaza, okuhlanganisa nezimboni zasemkhathini, kanye nokweseka kwayo isayensi engenamingcele, kuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwesayensi yasemkhathini.
Lapho kwabelwana ngemibono yesayensi, izinselele zisingathwa ngokuhlanganyela, nokubamba iqhaza kwandiswa, isayensi yasemkhathini ingafinyelela amandla ayo aphelele okuzuzisa isintu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umcwaningi osungulwe, usosayensi osanda kufunda, noma othile othanda indawo, akhona amathuba okuzibandakanya kulo mzamo womhlaba wonke.
Hlanganyela nathi ekwakheni ikusasa lapho isayensi yasemkhathini isebenzela sonke isintu. Vakashela Iwebhusayithi ye-COSPAR ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlelo zethu, imicimbi ezayo, nokuthi ungabandakanyeka kanjani.
Funda kabanzi ngalokho iNyanga engasifundisa kona ngoMhlaba 
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-United in Science: Qalisa kabusha isenzo sezulu 
Funda kabanzi mayelana nesayensi yemishini emikhulu kanye namaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda emikhulu athatha indlela esekelwe kumasistimu. Singakwazi yini ukwenza okufanayo ngesayensi yokusimama? 