Ikusasa Lethu Lincike Kithi: Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu sase-Antarctic kanye nemvelo

I-Antarctica, izwekazi eliseningizimu kakhulu eMhlabeni, iyikhaya lezimangaliso zemvelo ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, futhi ingesinye sezifunda ezisengozini enkulu yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke eqhubeka nokukhuphuka, umthelela e-Antarctica nezilwandle eziyizungezile uzoba mkhulu. Ukugqamisa lo mthelela, iKomidi leSayensi le-Antarctic Research (SCAR) lisebenze nososayensi emhlabeni wonke ukukhiqiza Ukuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu sase-Antarctic kanye Nesifinyezo Seminyaka Eyishumi Yezemvelo (ACCE). Lo mbiko unikeza isifinyezo socwaningo lweminyaka eyishumi, futhi izahluko zalo eziyisishiyagalombili zishiya isikhala esincane sokungabaza: izwekazi lase-Antarctic liyashisa, kanjalo ne-Southern Ocean elizungezile.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-Antarctica

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuba nomthelela omkhulu eqhweni lase-Antarctica, isimo sezulu kanye nempilo, okunemiphumela efinyelela kude emhlabeni. Umbiko we-ACCE unikeza ama-synopses amafushane, ahlanganisiwe okuqonda kwamanje, izincomo ezicacile zezenzo zokubhekana noshintsho, nezincomo zocwaningo olwengeziwe. Kusemqoka ukuthi siqonde ukuthi lezi zinguquko zisho ukuthini e-Antarctic kanye nomhlaba wonke - nokuthi yini esingayenza. Lo mbiko ubuholwa nguSolwazi waseMonash University, uSteven Chown, onguMqondisi we-Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (SAEF) kanye noMengameli Odlule Wase-SCAR.

Ukuxhumana Nesayensi Ebalulekile

Umbiko we-ACCE wenzelwe uMhlangano Wokubonisana Wesivumelwano Se-Antarctic ka-2022 e-Berlin, oklanyelwe ukuxhumana nezinhlangano zeSivumelwano ukuthi sidinga isinyathelo esiphuthumayo kangakanani ukuze sinciphise imithelela yomhlaba wonke yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Antarctica nase-Southern Ocean. Kodwa-ke, umlayezo wombiko yilowo odinga ukwabelwa kabanzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukufeza lokho, i-SCAR ikhiqize ukugqwayiza okufingqa imilayezo ebalulekile evela embikweni, enefomethi ehehayo eklanyelwe ukufinyelela izethameli ezintsha.

Dlala ividiyo

Opopayi bafingqa umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesistimu yomhlaba, ngezindlela ezixhumene ngokujulile ne-Antarctica kanye ne-Southern Ocean:

• I-Atmosphere: Ukwenyuka kokugxila kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa lomkhathi kuthinta izehlakalo zomoya, njengamagagasi okushisa, imvula, namaphethini omoya.
• Izilwandle: I-Southern Ocean ingenye yezinki zekhabhoni ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ucwaningo luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi lokhu kuzithinta kanjani izilwandle zomhlaba kanye nesimo sezulu.
• I-Cryosphere: Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-Antarctic cryosphere - ehlanganisa iqhwa lasolwandle, i-permafrost, namashalofu eqhwa - ishintsha kanjani ngenxa yokushintsha komkhathi nolwandle.
• Izinga Lolwandle: I-Antarctic Ice Sheet inamanzi anele ukukhuphula izinga lolwandle lomhlaba wonke ngamamitha angu-58 uma lincibilika ngokuphelele. Kudingeka siqonde ukuthi i-ice sheet isabela kanjani ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu nokuthi lokhu kungase kube nomthelela kanjani emazingeni olwandle omhlaba.
• I-Marine Life & Terrestrial Life: Izinguquko esimweni sezulu sase-Antarctica zinethonya ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlala lapho, eziningi zazo ezijwayele ukujwayela indawo yase-Antarctic. Izinhlobo ezifana ne-krill, isisekelo esibalulekile se-ecosystem ye-Antarctic, sezithintwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ikusasa Lethu Lincike Kithi

Sekukonke, umbiko we-ACCE uyisikhumbuzo esisangulukisayo semithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wethu kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthatha isinyathelo. Njengoba umbiko uphetha, “ikusasa le-Antarctica lihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nekusasa lesimiso sezulu somhlaba wonke, futhi izinselele zokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu zizodinga ukubambisana nokubambisana okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.”

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuzoba nemiphumela e-Antarctica kanye nase-Southern Ocean, eziningi zazo esivele sizibona namuhla. Nokho, akukephuzi kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo. Kudingeka sihlangabezane futhi seqe imigomo yokukhipha isisi esibamba ukushisa kweSivumelwano Sesimo Sezulu saseParis - futhi sikwenze lokho ngokushesha.

Ikusasa lethu lincike kithi.

Mayelana ne-SCAR

The IKomidi Lesayensi Locwaningo Lwe-Antarctic (i-SCAR) yinhlangano enetimu ye-International Science Council, futhi yasungulwa ngo-1958. I-SCAR ithweswe icala lokuqalisa, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuxhumanisa ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamazwe ngamazwe olusezingeni eliphezulu esifundeni sase-Antarctic (kuhlanganise ne-Southern Ocean), kanye nendima ye Isifunda se-Antarctic ohlelweni loMhlaba. I-SCAR inikeza iseluleko sesayensi esinenjongo nesizimele eMihlanganweni Yokubonisana Yesivumelwano Se-Antarctic nezinye izinhlangano ezifana ne-UNFCCC ne-IPCC ezindabeni zesayensi nokongiwa kwemvelo ezithinta ukuphathwa kwe-Antarctica kanye ne-Southern Ocean kanye nendima yesifunda sase-Antarctic ohlelweni loMhlaba.

Bika Ingcaphuno: Chown, SL, Leihy, RI, Naish, TR, Brooks, CM, Convey, P., Henley, BJ, Mackintosh, AN, Phillips, LM, Kennicutt, MC II & Grant, SM (Eds.) (2022) ) Ukuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Nemvelo: I-Decadal Synopsis kanye Nezincomo Zokusebenza. Ikomidi Lesayensi Locwaningo Lwe-Antarctic, Cambridge, United Kingdom.