About the Author:
Buza cishe noma yimuphi umenzi wenqubomgomo yesayensi noma umxhasi wocwaningo ukuthi bacabangani ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa, futhi uzothola impendulo ejwayelekile. I-AI iguqula indlela ososayensi abasebenza ngayo. Isheshisa ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi, icubungula amasethi edatha ngezikali ezazingacatshangwa ngaphambili, isiza ngokubhala nokubuyekeza imibhalo yesandla. Iyithuluzi lokukhiqiza elimangalisayo futhi elibaluleke kakhulu.
Lokhu akukubi. Kodwa kungase kungaphelele.
Ukukhathazeka nge-AI njengethuluzi lososayensi (lokho esingakubiza ngokuthi 'umbono omncane' we-AI kwisayensi) kuvala buthule isethi yemibuzo eyisisekelo. Imibuzo umphakathi wezinhlangano nezikhungo eziphethe ukuphatha, ukuxhasa, kanye nokuxhumanisa isayensi emhlabeni jikelele (lokho engizokubiza ngokuthi isayensi ehlelekile) ongakaze uyibuze.
Ingxoxo evelele mayelana ne-AI kwisayensi empeleni ingxoxo mayelana nokusheshisa. I-AI ingenza okuningi, ngokushesha. Ingathola amaphethini kudatha abantu abangawaphuthelwa. Ingabhala, ihumushe, ifingqe. Lezi izinzuzo zangempela futhi umphakathi wesayensi ulungile ukuzinaka.
Kodwa lokhu kuhlela ngokungaqondile kuphatha i-AI njengento ososayensi abayisebenzisayo. ukusetshenziswa, ithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi, elingafani ne-microscope noma i-sequencer, kodwa eliguquguqukayo kakhulu. Futhi uma ithuluzi liyifreyimu, imibuzo ethile iba nzima ukuyibuza.
Kwenzekani uma i-AI ingasizi nje kuphela ngenqubo yocwaningo, kodwa uyaqhuba yini? Kwenzekani uma i-AI ingagcini nje ngokucubungula idatha kodwa yakha imibono, iklama izivivinyo, futhi ihumusha imiphumela ngokuzimela? Lesi akusona isimo sesayensi esikude. Kukhona izibonelo esezishicilelwe kakade yezinhlelo ze-AI ezikhiqiza imibono emisha yesayensi enokufakwa okuncane kwabantu, kanye nabathuthukisi be-AI abahamba phambili emhlabeni bachaza ucwaningo lwe-AI oluzimele ngokuphelele njengendaba yeminyaka, hhayi amashumi eminyaka.
Ukucabanga ngokucacile ngalokho okusengozini, kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimo ezimbili ezibanzi.
Okokuqala - isayensi eholwa ngabantu – I-AI ingena kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo yocwaningo kodwa ososayensi abangabantu basalokhu beyisihlalo esiqhubayo. Abantu basanquma ukuthi yini okufanele bayihlole. Basabeka uhlelo locwaningo, bakha imibuzo, futhi banqume ukuthi uphenyo luqondiswe kuphi. Ngisho noma ucwaningo oluningi lwenziwa yi-AI, kukhona isandla somuntu esisesiteringini, esinquma ukuthi sizoshayela kuphi. Lokhu cishe kulapho sikhona namuhla, yize izinga lokubandakanyeka kwe-AI likhuphuka ngokushesha.
Kwesibili - Isayensi eholwa yi-AI – I-AI ayigcini nje ngokwenza ucwaningo kodwa inquma ukuthi yini okufanele icwaningwe. I-ajenda yocwaningo ngokwayo ayisabekwa ngabantu bodwa. Izinhlelo ze-AI ziya ngokuya zibumba ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo ebuzwayo, yimiphi imibono ekhiqizwayo, nokuthi yimiphi imilingo ebekwa phambili, idlulela ngale kokwenziwa iye ekusethweni kwe-ajenda. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo efana nokufaka i-AI ebonakalayo kanye nezinhlelo zelebhu zamarobhothi ingajulisa lolu shintsho kakhulu, ivumele amamodeli ukuthi ahlanganyele ngqo ekuhlolweni, hhayi ekuhlaziyeni nje kuphela. Ukuthi lokhu kuzobukeka kanjani ekusebenzeni kusalokhu kungaqinisekile ngempela. Kodwa sekuvele kuphakanyiswe ukuthi Isayensi eholwa yi-AI ingase ibukeke ihluke kakhulu kunoma yini esiyaziyo, okungenzeka kushintshe hhayi nje ijubane lesayensi kodwa nomqondo wayo oyisisekelo: umjikelezo welukuluku lomuntu, ukuqagela, kanye nomklamo wokuhlola oye wachaza ukukhiqizwa kolwazi amakhulu eminyaka.
Igebe phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili yilapho imibuzo ethakazelisayo ihlala khona.
Uma izinhlelo ze-AI zingenza ucwaningo ngokuzimela, kuvela uchungechunge lwemibuzo eyisisekelo edlula kakhulu iziqondiso zokuziphatha noma izinqubomgomo zokudalula. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
Ingabe i-AI ingakhiqiza ulwazi olusha ngempela? Amamodeli amaningi amanje aqeqeshwe ngolwazi oluningi lwabantu olukhona. Ingabe angaphetha ngokuqonda okusha ngempela mayelana nemvelo yendawo yonke noma ekugcineni ayizinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlanganisa kabusha lokho osekwaziwa kakade?
Kwenzekani ngesayensi ehlelekile? Uma ucwaningo lungenziwa ngokuzimela yi-AI, ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi noma ubani angaba 'usosayensi' ngempumelelo? Ingabe inyuvesi kanye nesikhungo socwaningo, njengoba sisazi, sizohlala siyindawo eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kolwazi? Futhi uma kunjalo, ingabe indima yososayensi izoshintsha ngokuya ekuqinisekisweni, njengokuhlola amaqiniso, ukukopisha, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwemiphumela ekhiqizwe yi-AI, kunokuthola ulwazi?
Singakwakha kanjani ukwethemba ulwazi olukhiqizwe yi-AI? Umphakathi wesayensi uye wakha, emakhulwini eminyaka, isethi yezimiso nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ulwazi - ukubuyekezwa kontanga, ukukopisha, idatha evulekile, njll. Lokhu kwenzelwe isayensi ekhiqizwe ngabantu. Akufanele kuhambisane kahle nesayensi ekhiqizwe yi-AI.
Ingabe isayensi evulekile inika amandla isayensi yomkhakha ozimele ngengozi? Ukushintshela ekufinyeleleni okuvulekile kanye nedatha evulekile kubhekwa njengento enhle kabanzi. Kodwa ukwanda kokutholakala kolwazi lwesayensi emkhakheni womphakathi kusho nokuthi lungavunwa mahhala yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe bezentengiselwano ukuze ziqeqeshe futhi zithuthukise amamodeli azo e-AI. Lokhu kudala ukungezwani okungenzeka phakathi komqondo wesayensi njengento enhle yomphakathi womhlaba wonke, kanye nengozi yohlelo olusha lokukhiqiza ulwazi olungadingi kakhulu ukulandisa emphakathini wesayensi womhlaba wonke.
Iqiniso elingajabulisi ukuthi izinhlangano nezikhungo eziphethe ukuphathwa kwesayensi zibonakala zingekho kakhulu kule ngxoxo. Uhlelo oluhlanganisa amazwe amaningi lugxile, ngokuqondakalayo, ekuziphatheni nasekuphatheni kwe-AI. Abaxhasi bocwaningo ngabanye kanye namanyuvesi bagxile ekuvuseleleni izinqubomgomo zabo zokusetshenziswa okunesibopho kwamathuluzi e-AI. Lezi yizimpendulo ezidingekayo ekucindezelweni okusheshayo.
Kodwa imibuzo emikhulu mayelana nohlobo lwesayensi yesikhathi esizayo, indima yabacwaningi babantu yesikhathi esizayo, ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kolwazi njengento enhle yomphakathi ayibuzwa kakhulu ezingeni lezikhungo. Iphrojekthi yeSayensi Systems Futures I-International Science Council ingenye yephrojekthi enjalo ezama ukuhlola ezinye zazo, ihlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buzishintsha kanjani izinhlelo zesayensi kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Yomhlaba. Kodwa lezi zingxoxo zisalokhu zingavamile kakhulu.
Okwamanje, i-AI yamukelwa ngokushesha ngabacwaningi abasemhlabathini, ngokuvamile ingaphambi kwanoma yisiphi isiqondiso sezikhungo. Lokhu kuveza ukungezwani kwangempela: inhloko yesayensi ehlelekile isaqonda ukuthi iyini i-AI nokuthi ingazishintsha kanjani izinto, kuyilapho izandla sezivele zijulile ekuguqukeni.
Ingabe thina, uma sikubeka ngokucacile, silele sisesondoni?
Impikiswano lapha ayikhona ukuthi singayinciphisa noma kufanele siyinciphise ijubane lokwamukelwa kwe-AI kwisayensi. Futhi akuyona iseluleko sokuphelelwa yithemba. Kuyisicelo sesayensi ehlelekile ukuthi ibheke phezulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi ithathe umbono omude - hhayi nje ukubuza ukuthi 'siyisebenzisa kanjani i-AI ngokuzibophezela namuhla?' kodwa 'luhlobo luni lwesistimu yesayensi esilufunayo eminyakeni eyishumi noma engamashumi amabili, futhi yini edingekayo ukuze sifike lapho?'
Lokho kusho ukudala isikhala sohlobo oluhlukile lwengxoxo, leyo ehlanganisa ochwepheshe abacabanga ngokuqinile ngokungaqiniseki, mayelana nomjikelezo omude wokukhiqizwa kolwazi, kanye nemikhawulo yezinhlaka zamanje. Lezi zingxoxo ngeke zigxile kakhulu ezimpendulweni zokubusa ku-AI njengoba zikhona namuhla, kodwa zizogxila kakhulu ebangeni lekusasa elinokwenzeka nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuzilungiselela.
Kusho futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi wesayensi, okuhlanganisa abacwaningi kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo, unamathuluzi omqondo okusebenza ngale mibuzo njengabahlanganyeli abanolwazi kunokuba yizihloko ezizoshintsha. Lokhu kuzofaka phakathi izinhlaka zokucabanga nge-AI ejensi, i-epistemology yolwazi olukhiqizwe ngomshini, kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi eside yokuthi ubani olawula uhlelo locwaningo.
Ithuba lokuhamba phambili kulokhu liyancipha. Isayensi ehlelekile inethuba, futhi mhlawumbe umthwalo wemfanelo, wokwakha indlela i-AI eguqula ngayo ukukhiqizwa kolwazi, kunokumane izivumelanise nezinguquko eziqhutshwa abanye ngokuphelele.
Lokho kuqala ngokubuza imibuzo efanele. Asikayibuzi okwamanje.
Isithombe ngu Igor Omilaev on Unsplash
Funda kabanzi mayelana neSayensi Systems Futures Funda kabanzi mayelana nomthelela wedatha kanye ne-AI ekukhiqizweni kwesayensi 
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-Pacific Academy of Sciences yethula ipulatifomu yocwaningo yokuqala eqhutshwa yi-AI kanye nombiko wokuhlola we-Regional R&D Funda kabanzi mayelana namathrendi asafufusa abumba imisebenzi yesayensi 
