Vula ukujikeleza kwesayensi: Juni 2023

Lesi sihloko sokuhlela esivela ku-Heila Pienaar sishicilelwe ekuqaleni Imingcele ngo-14 Juni 2023.

Isayensi evulekile e-Afrika: Uguquko oluqhubekayo oluya ku-Open Science (OS) lukhulisa ukubeka izinto obala nokusebenzisana ebhizinisini locwaningo. Lesi sihloko Socwaningo sihlose ukuphenya ngokuguqukela ku-OS e-Afrika, okuhlanganisa ukukhathazeka kanye nezinzuzo ze-OS kubacwaningi nababambiqhaza. Iphinde ihlole indima yobuchwepheshe obusha nengqalasizinda ekusebenziseni i-OA kanye nokuvala ukuhlukana kolwazi phakathi kwamazwe. Kulesi sihloko sokuhlela, sinikeza amazwibela ama-athikili ayisishiyagalombili asinika ukukhanya ezicini ezihlukahlukene zesayensi evulekile, ukwabelana ngedatha, nezinselele namathuba ezethulayo esimweni sase-Afrika. Lezi zihloko ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kwabenzi benqubomgomo, izikhungo, nabacwaningi abasebenza ndawonye ukuze bakhuthaze isiko lesayensi evulekile kanye nokubhekana nezithiyo ezikhona zokufinyeleleka kwedatha ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.

Isihloko ngo Okafor et al. igxile ekwamukelweni kwezinqubo zesayensi evulekile (OS) e-Afrika, kucatshangelwa imikhawulo namathemba okufakwa kwayo ezikhungweni. Ababhali bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokufinyelela kwesayensi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esilandelayo sososayensi e-Afrika. Bagqamisa ukuvela kabusha komhlaba wonke kwezingxoxo ezizungeze isayensi evulekile ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezifana ne-Afrika lapho izinqubo ze-OS zikhawulelwe khona njengamanje. Sekukonke, i-athikili yokubuyekezwa isebenza njengesu lokumela kanye nomhlahlandlela ofundisayo wabakhi bezinqubomgomo nababambiqhaza ababambe iqhaza ekukhuthazeni nasekuhlanganiseni izinqubo zesayensi evulekile e-Afrika. Igqamisa ukubaluleka kokunqoba izithiyo kanye nokugqugquzela indawo esekelayo ukuze isayensi evulekile iphumelele ezwenikazi (Okafor et al.).

Isihloko esilandelayo, "Ukucabanga kabusha ngedatha ye-FAIR: izindaba zokufinyelela kwedatha nokufinyeleleka ocwaningweni" ngu Shanahan and Bezuidenhout, iphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuqagelwa kokufinyeleleka kuzimiso zedatha ye-FAIR (Eyatholakalayo, Efinyelelekayo, Esebenzisanayo, kanye Nengasebenziseka Kabusha). Ababhali bagcizelela ukuthi ukufinyelela kuzinsiza zedatha ye-FAIR kungathonywa yizici ze-geopolitical, okwandisa ukungalingani okukhona kokufinyelela. Bagcizelela isidingo sokuqwashisa okwengeziwe nokucatshangelwa kwalezi zinkinga ekusetshenzisweni kwe-FAIR (Shanahan and Bezuidenhout).

Isihloko esithi, "Isayensi evulekile e-Afrika: lokho abenzi benqubomgomo okufanele bakucabangele" ngakho Chiware kanye Skelly, igcizelela ukubaluleka kohulumeni nezikhungo zase-Afrika ezamukela imigomo yesayensi evulekile kanye nokwakha izingqalasizinda zocwaningo ezihambisana nenhlangano yomhlaba wonke yesayensi evulekile. Ababhali bagqamisa ukubaluleka kwezinhlaka zenqubomgomo ye-OS futhi banikeze imininingwane kubenzi benqubomgomo, okuhloswe ngayo ukuqondisa izinhlelo ezifanayo e-Afrika (Skelly and Chiware).

"Abacwaningi base-Afrika abacabangi ngendlela ehlukile ngedatha evulekile" by Skelly and Chiware, ihlola izimo zengqondo zabacwaningi base-Afrika mayelana nedatha evulekile futhi ibonisa ukuthi imibono yabo ayihlukile kakhulu kozakwabo bamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela isidingo sokuthi abenzi bezinqubomgomo nezikhungo baqonde futhi babhekane nokukhathazeka kwabacwaningi kanye nalokho abakulindele mayelana nokwabelana ngedatha kanye ne-ecosystem yedatha evulekile (Skelly and Chiware).

Kokuthi “Ukufinyelela okuvulekile kanye nomthelela wako ongaba khona empilweni yomphakathi—umbono waseNingizimu Afrika”, Strydom et al. hlola umthelela wokufinyelela okuvulekile empilweni yomphakathi eNingizimu Afrika. Bagqamisa izinzuzo zesayensi evulekile futhi baxoxe ngemithelela yezezimali nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa izindleko zokushicilela zabacwaningi nezikhungo. Ababhali baphinde babhekane nezinkinga zobumfihlo kanye nendima yomthetho wokuvikela idatha ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha nasekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwedatha (Strydom et al.).

Sawubona isihloko esithi, “Isayensi evulekile kanye nedatha enkulu eNingizimu Afrika”, igxile ezinseleleni namathuba ethulwa “Idatha Enkulu Yesayensi” eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi kumongo wephrojekthi ye-Square Kilometer Array kanye ne-Multi-Purpose Reactor. Umbhali uqokomisa ukubaluleka kwezinqubomgomo zesayensi evulekile kanye nezimiso ze-FAIR ekulawuleni nasekwenzeni idatha enjalo ifinyeleleke, iphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-markup ye-semantic futhi igcizelela indima yamaqembu ahlukahlukene ekuphathweni kwedatha yocwaningo (Hey).

UChigwada "Ukufezeka kwenqubomgomo yedatha evulekile kazwelonke eZimbabwe" ihlola amandla okusebenzisa inqubomgomo yedatha evulekile kazwelonke eZimbabwe. Ucwaningo luhlola ukulungela kwezwe mayelana nemisebenzi yedatha evulekile, egqamisa isidingo sokukhulumela, ukwakhiwa kokuqwashisa, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza ekwenzeni nokwenza inqubomgomo yedatha evulekile kazwelonke. Umbhali ugcizelela ukubaluleka kukahulumeni kanye nedatha yocwaningo yokushayela ucwaningo nokusungula izinto ezintsha (Chigwada).

"Ukwakha ukuqwashisa kanye namandla e-bioinformatics kanye namakhono esayensi evulekile eKenya: imodeli yokuqwashisa, isitimela, i-hack, kanye nokuhlanganyela" Karega et al., yethula uhlaka lokuthuthukisa i-bioinformatics namakhono esayensi evulekile eKenya. Ababhali bakhombisa imodeli ye-Sensitize-Train-Hack-Collaborate/Community, ehlanganisa ukwakha ukuqwashisa, ukuqeqeshwa, amaphrojekthi okubambisana, nokuzibandakanya komphakathi ukuze kunikezwe amandla abacwaningi ngamakhono namathuluzi adingekayo kwisayensi evulekile kanye ne-bioinformatics (Karega et al.).

Lezi zihloko ngokuhlangene zigcizelela ukubaluleka kwesayensi evulekile, ukufinyeleleka kwedatha, nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo e-Afrika. Bagqamisa isidingo sokuqwashisa okwengeziwe, ukwakhiwa kwamandla, nokusebenzisana kwezinhlanga ezahlukene ukuze kunqotshwe izinselele futhi kusetshenziswe amandla esayensi evulekile.

U-Heila Pienaar

UDkt Heila Pienaar usebenze njengePhini likaMqondisi: I-Strategic Innovation e-University of Pretoria Library kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kowezi-2018. Izithakazelo zakhe zocwaningo zihlanganisa ukuphathwa kwamasu, ubuhlakani kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha emitapo yolwazi yezemfundo, i-e-Research kanye Nokuphathwa Kwedatha Yocwaningo. Waqala i-Library Makerspace yokuqala yezemfundo e-Afrika futhi wenza umqondo we-Digital Scholarship Centre yeNyuvesi yasePitoli.

Izindaba ezinkulu ku-Open Science

Ongqongqoshe Be-EU Banxusa Imodeli Yokushicilela Yezemfundo ethi 'Ayikho Inkokhelo', Edala Impikiswano Ngokunokwenzeka Noxhaso 

• UMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe We-European Union wenze isiphakamiso semodeli yokushicilela yezemfundo 'engakhokhelwa, ekhuthaza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kokushicilelwe kwezazi kokubili ababhali nabafundi. Naphezu kokusekelwa okuqinile kwezikhungo zemfundo, njenge I-German Research Federation (DFG), abamele imboni yokushicilela bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwale modeli kanye nokungabi bikho kokucaciswa kwayo ngezimali. I-International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM) inhlangano yemboni yokushicilela yezemfundo, ukwesaba ukusebenzisa imodeli enjalo kungase kuqede izinkampani ezizimele zokushicilela zaseYurophu. 

I-Plan S izosusa u-68% "we-Transformative Journals" 

• Ngaphezu kokubili kokuthathu, i-1,589 kumajenali ayi-2,326 (68%), 'yeTransformative Journals' afanelekele uxhaso ngaphakathi Uhlelo S i-open-access initiative izoxoshwa ohlelweni lwe behluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo. I-Plan S, egunyaza ukufinyelela okuvulekile ngokushesha kwamaphepha ocwaningo asekelwa abaxhasi bamazwe ngamazwe, idinga amajenali ayingxube ukuthi azibophezele ekushintsheni ekufinyeleleni okugcwele okuvulekile. Isinqumo sibonisa ukushintsha kokugxila ekushicileleni okusekelwe ekubhaliseni kuya ekufinyeleleni okugcwele nokuvulelekayo, nokususwa kokusekelwa kwamajenali aguqulayo kusukela ngo-2024 kuya phambili. 

I-Plan S Ifuna Amanye Amamodeli Webhizinisi Ukuze Kukhokhiswe I-athikili Yokucubungula Ekushicileleni Kwe-Scholarly 

• Ngaphansi Uhlelo S, Iqembu le-Coalition S labaxhasi bezimali licela iziphakamiso zomkhakha wocwaningo zamamodeli ebhizinisi angamanye ezindlekweni zokucubungula i-athikili (APCs), okuhloswe ngayo ukubumba kabusha indlela yokufinyelela evulekile ekushicilelweni kwezifundo. Njengoba ama-APC, ngokuvamile akhokhelwa abaxhasi bezimali noma izikhungo zocwaningo, ebiza kakhulu futhi engasimami, uMkhandlu wohulumeni bamazwe angamalungu e-EU ugcizelele isidingo sokuthuthukisa amamodeli okushicilela angathembeli enkokhelweni yeyunithi ngayinye. Ku ukusebenzisana nabakwaJisc kanye nePlos, I-Coalition S yethule iqembu elisebenzayo ukuze lihlole amamodeli okukhokha alinganayo futhi lisebenzise uxhaso lwezimali locwaningo ukuze lisekele i-ecosystem yokushicilela engeyona eye-APC. 

Ideshibhodi yokufinyelela evulekile ye-Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative: Isibuyekezo Esiyinhloko Nokufakwa Okunwetshiwe 

• The I-Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative basanda kumemezela isibuyekezo esibalulekile kudeshibhodi yabo ye-Open Access, ukufuduka okuqediwe kusuka ku-Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) kuya ku-OpenAlex, futhi kukhishwe idatha yemiphumela yocwaningo eyanyatheliswa ngo-2022. Ideshibhodi ethuthukisiwe inikeza ukulandelela okuthuthukisiwe kokuphumayo kokufinyelela okuvulekile, manje okuhlanganisa ingqikithi engu-14,477. izikhungo, cishe ngokuphindwe kabili kunangaphambili.  

Izindleko Zejenali Yezemfundo Ekhuphukayo Zishayela Ukulanda Okungekho emthethweni e-Japan 

• Ngemuva kwezindleko zokubhaliselwa kwejenali yezemfundo zikhuphuka kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe I-Sci-Hub ukudawuniloda amaphepha emfundo kuye kwanda eJapane, kwafinyelela ezigidini ezingu-7.2 ngo-2022. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukungabaza ngokuziphatha kwezazi kodwa futhi kugqamisa ingcindezi eyengeziwe yezindleko zokushicilela zezemfundo. Phakathi nale mpikiswano, abacwaningi baseJapane bazwakalisa ukucindezeleka kwabo ngalesi simo, befuna ukuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela ezingeni likazwelonke futhi bavuse ingxoxo mayelana nokuhlelwa kabusha kwesistimu yokushicilela yezemfundo. 

Wiley Signs 22 Open Access Agreements in North America 

• Emzamweni obalulekile obheke ekushicilelweni kokufinyelela okuvulekile, Wiley, umholi womhlaba wonke kwezokushicilela zesayensi, umemezele ukusayinwa noma ukuvuselelwa kwezivumelwano zoguquko ezingu-22 nabalingani kulo lonke elase-United States naseMexico. Lezi zivumelwano, ezihlelelwe ukuthi ziqale ngo-2023, zinikeza izikhungo ezibamba iqhaza ukufinyelela kuphothifoliyo ebanzi ye-Wiley yamajenali ayingxube kanye nokubhaliselwe. Abacwaningi manje bazothola ithuba lokushicilela izindatshana zabo ezamukelwe ukufinyelela okuvulekile, okwandisa kakhulu ukutholakala kocwaningo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhlanganisa izikhungo eziyi-117 futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwenze ama-athikhili angaba ngu-3,600 afinyeleleke ngokuvulekile, okuqhubekisela phambili umfutho wokushicilela okuvulelekile kwababhali eNyakatho Melika. 

I-Aspen Institute kanye ne-Omidyar Network Partner ukuze Bakhuthaze Umnotho Wedatha Olinganayo  

• Emzamweni wokubona ngeso lengqondo umnotho wedatha olungile, i Isikhungo se-Aspen, ngokubambisana ne I-Omidyar Network, uhlanganise ithimba lochwepheshe abahlukahlukene bephrojekthi eyaziwa ngokuthi UMkhandlu Wekusasa Ledatha Elilungile. Lo mkhandlu, ohlanganisa izifundiswa, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, izinhlangano, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, nabamele izinhlangano zomphakathi, uhlose ukukhomba izincomo zokwenza umnotho wedatha ulingane futhi uzuzise abantu ngabanye nemiphakathi. Lesi sinyathelo sizofinyelela umvuthwandaba ngeziphakamiso ezisebenzayo zokuguqula umnotho wedatha, ukubhekana , kanye nokusebenzisa ukungenelela okuqondile.  

I-PeerJ Yethula Uchungechunge Oluvulekile Lwentuthuko Yokuxhumana Kwesayensi Okulinganayo Nesithiyo 

• I-PeerJ, umshicileli ohamba phambili, wethula uchungechunge lwamajenali e-Open Advances, enikeza ukufinyelela emhlabeni wonke ekuxhumaneni kwesayensi ngaphandle kwemingcele yezezimali. Lawa majenali aholwa umphakathi abeka phambili ucwaningo olubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba ezicindezelayo futhi lukhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kwabacwaningi. Ngokususa izithiyo ezifana Nezindleko Zokucubungula I-athikili futhi unike amandla umphakathi wesayensi ukuthi unqume ukuthi yini okufanele uyibuyekeze futhi uyishicilele, i-PeerJ ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kocwaningo olubalulekile futhi isheshise inqubekelaphambili yesayensi. 

Iphrojekthi ye-DIAMAS Ishicilela Umbiko Wemikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yabahlinzeki Besevisi Yokushicilela 

• Ukuthuthukisa Amamodeli Wokushicilela Okufinyelela Okuvulekile Kwesikhungo ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukuxhumana Kwabafundi (DIAMAS) iphrojekthi, ngokubambisana ne-Electronic Information for Libraries (I-EIFL) ikhiphe okuphelele umbiko echaza indlela yokuhlola ikhwalithi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola Zabahlinzeki Benkonzo Yokushicilela Yesikhungo (IPSPs) kumongo wokushicilela kwe-Diamond Open Access. Umbiko uhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kuzinqubo ezikhona, izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, nezindlela zokuhlola ucwaningo zama-IPSP. Ihlanganisa izigaba eziyisikhombisa ezibalulekile: uxhaso, ubunikazi kanye nokubusa, izinqubo zesayensi evulekile, ikhwalithi yokuhlela, ukusebenza kahle kwesevisi yezobuchwepheshe, ukubonakala, ukulingana, ukuhlukahluka, nokufakwa. 
   

I-Open Science NL Imemezele Ukuqokwa Kweqembu Eliqondisayo elizoqhuba Inguquko Yesayensi Evulekile e-Netherlands 

• I-Open Science NL, inhlangano esanda kwethulwa eNetherlands, imemezele ukuqokwa kweqembu layo elilawulayo. Ihlanganiswe ngamalungu aqokwe izikhungo zolwazi eziyi-15 futhi aqokelwe ihlandla leminyaka emine, IQembu Lokuqondisa liletha ulwazi olubanzi, umbono, kanye nesifinyezo se-ajenda yesayensi evulekile. I-Open Science NL ihlose ukusheshisa inguquko yokuvula isayensi ngokugqugquzela imizamo yocwaningo nezinhlelo zoxhaso ezintsha ezihambisana ne-Open Science 2030 Ambition Document. 
   

Ukukhishwa kuka-2023 Transparency Report for Mathematics Journals ngaphansi kokuthi Bhalisela i-Open (S2O) Initiative 

• I-EDP Sciences kanye ne-Société de Mathématiques Industrielles et Appliquées (I-SMAI) sebeshicilele eyesithathu Umbiko Wokubonisa Ngokucacile kumajenali ezibalo ngaphansi kwe Uhlelo lwe-S2O. Umbiko unikeza imininingwane egcwele ezintengo zokubhaliselwe, ukuvuselelwa, izindleko, nedatha yokusetshenziswa, ebonisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-S2O. Ngokugxila ekwenzeni izinto obala, lo mbiko unikeza izisebenzi zemitapo yolwazi kanye nababambiqhaza amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kuyilapho ugcizelela isidingo esiqhubekayo sezikhungo zokweseka ukuze kugcinwe ukushicilelwa okuvulelekile. 

Ukwanda Kokushicilela Okuvulekile: Izikhungo Eziningi ezingama-58 Zijoyina I-Company of Biologists' Read & Publish Initiative 

• I-Company of Biologists imemezele ukwengezwa kwezinye izikhungo ezingama-58 ohlelweni lwayo olungabizi kakhulu lwe-Read & Publish Open Access kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023, okwandisa ukubamba iqhaza kuze kube ngaphezulu. Izikhungo ezingama-650 emazweni angama-41. Izinkampani ezimbili ezintsha zomtapo wolwazi, i-Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) kanye neJoint University Librarians Advisory Committee (JULAC) Consortium yaseHong Kong, nazo zijoyinile, okwenza isibalo sabahlanganyeli saba yi-12. Cishe ingxenye yale mitapo yolwazi ebambe iqhaza inawo bakhethe ukufaka amajenali okufinyelela okuvulekile ngokugcwele ekungabini maphakathi kwawo Funda futhi Ushicilele izivumelwano, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula okuphawulekayo engxenyeni yokuqukethwe kocwaningo lwe-OA kumajenali ayingxube yenkampani futhi kube negalelo enanini elingu-71% lama-athikili e-Open Access ashicilelwe ngo-2022. 

Vula imicimbi yeSayensi namathuba 

• 2023 SSP Training Series on Open Access izobanjwa 19 futhi 20 Julayi 2023. Lolu chungechunge lweworkshop luzoba nentshisekelo kubo bobabili ochwepheshe abasakhula kanye nalabo abanolwazi olunzulu kwezokuxhumana.  

• Vula Umncintiswano Wezitikha Zesayensi: Ukugubha iminyaka engu-20 yesayensi evulekile, I-Allen Institute ifuna izimpendulo zobuciko ngendlela yobuciko kusukela kwabasha abaneminyaka engu-5-14. Faka umncintiswano we-Open Science Sticker ngo-12:00 pm (Pacific) ngo-1 Agasti 2023.  

• DIAMAS yethula ikholi evulekile yokuhlanganisa izinsiza ezibhekana nezingxenye ezibalulekile Zezinga Lekhwalithi Enwetshiwe Lokushicilela Kwesikhungo (I-EQSIP) ukuthuthukisa i-Open Access Diamond kanye nokushicilelwa kwesikhungo. Sebenzisa lokhu ku-inthanethi ifomu ukuhlonza izinsiza zokubhalisa kwe-DIAMAS. 

Amathuba emisebenzi

• i-arXiv uqasha lezi zikhundla ezilandelayo- Onjiniyela beSoftware, a Umphathi wephrojekthi, Futhi Umphathi Wokuzibandakanya Komphakathi. 

• I-Opendata.ch ufuna a Umphathi wephrojekthi I-Open Innovation enethalente lokuphatha iphrojekthi eqala ngoJulayi noma ngesivumelwano. 

• I-MIT Libraries iqasha a I-Scholarly Communications Associate ukusebenza ezicini ezibalulekile zohlelo lwemitapo yolwazi lwezokuxhumana. Imininingwane eyengeziwe ingatholakala lapha. 

I-Open Science yethu ephezulu eyishumi iyafundwa

1. Isiqalo sesiphetho sabashicileli bezemfundo?
2. Ukuqeda “Imboni”?
3. Ama-Shifting Tides 
4. Ukuhamba Kude kuma-APC
5. Icala le-PubPub 
6. Ukufinyelela Okuvulekile: Ikusasa Idayimane 
7. Ilungelo Lethu Lokubekela Inselele Ama-Patent Angafuneki Lingaphansi Kosongo 
8. Ukuthi Izimali Ezinkulu Kakhulu Zabashicileli Besayensi Zibeka Kanjani Inzuzo Ngaphezu Kwenqubekelaphambili 
9. Idayimane eyawo wonke umuntu 
10. Unyaka we-Jxiv - Ukufudumala Itshe Lokuphrinta

Disclaimer

Ulwazi, imibono kanye nezincomo ezethulwa izivakashi zethu ezabantu ngabanye, futhi azibonisi izindinganiso nezinkolelo zoMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe.

Image by UPawel Czerwinski on Unsplash.