Isifinyezo Sesayensi Evulekile: Ukushumeka izikhuthazo Zesayensi Evulekile ezinhlelweni zocwaningo

Mayelana nababhali: Lesi sihloko silungiselelwe amalungu e-SHARC (Sharing Rewards and Credit) Interest Group, iqembu elihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-Research Data Alliance (RDA). I-RDA, eyasungulwa ngo-2013, iyisinyathelo somhlaba wonke, esiholwa ngumphakathi esakha ingqalasizinda yezenhlalo neyobuchwepheshe ukuze kuvunyelwe ukwabelana ngedatha evulekile kuzo zonke izigaba nemingcele. Iqembu le-SHARC elihlanganisa imikhakha ehlukahlukene ligxile ekuthuthukiseni indlela imisebenzi ye-Open Science, ikakhulukazi idatha kanye nokwabelana ngezinsiza, eqashelwa futhi ivuzwa ngayo ekuhlolweni kocwaningo.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yi-SHARC luqinisekisa ukuthi imikhuba ye-Open Science (OS) ayisaqashelwa kakhulu ekuhlolweni kocwaningo. Ukuvala leli gebe kuzodinga ukuguqulwa okuhlelekile kuzo zonke izikhungo, izinhlangano ezixhasa ngezimali, abashicileli, kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezakhiweni zezikhuthazo, ukuvuleleka kuzohlala kuyisifiso kunokuba kube yinto evamile.

Naphezu kokukhula okusheshayo kwe-Open Science njengomqondo womhlaba wonke, izinhlelo zemivuzo yezemfundo zihlala zisekelwe ezilinganisweni zendabuko. I-OS ikhuthaza ukucaca, ukwabelana ngedatha, isofthiwe, neminye imiphumela yocwaningo, ukubambisana, ukuphindaphindeka okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nentuthuko yesayensi esheshayo. Kodwa naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, ukwamukelwa kusalokhu kungalingani. Izinhlelo zokuhlola zendabuko ezibeka phambili izilinganisi njengomthelela wejenali kanye nezingcaphuno ziyaqhubeka nokubusa.

Iminikelo emibili yakamuva evela ku-Research Data Alliance (RDA) Sharing Rewards and Credit (SHARC) Interest Group - inhlolovo yamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezikhala zokuqashelwa emisebenzini ye-OS (I-PLOS ONE, 2024) kanye nesethi yezincomo zababambiqhaza (Ijenali Yesayensi Yedatha, 2025) – kugqanyiswa isidingo sokuguqulwa kwesistimu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izisusa zocwaningo zibonisa amanani e-OS.

Ucwaningo lwe-SHARC luqoqe izimpendulo ezivela kubahlanganyeli abangu-230 kuwo wonke amazwekazi amahlanu. Okutholakele okubalulekile kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-90% ayejwayelene ne-Open Science (OS).
• Ama-63% ayehileleke kakhulu ekushicilelweni kokufinyelela okuvulekile.
• Bambalwa kakhulu abahlanganyele kweminye imikhuba ye-OS njengokubhalisa kusengaphambili noma ukubuyekezwa kontanga okuvulekile.
• Ama-74% ayezazi izimiso ze-FAIR (Ukutholakala, Ukufinyeleleka, Ukusebenzisana, kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kabusha), kodwa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela ebike ukuthi ziyazisebenzisa ngenkuthalo (Ubulungisa).
• Abangaphezu kuka-50% bathi izikhungo zabo zinezinqubomgomo ze-OS ezisemthethweni, kodwa bambalwa ababike ukuthi bathola izikhuthazo ezibonakalayo zokusekela ukuqaliswa.

Lokhu okutholakele kukhomba ukungezwani okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezibopho zomhlaba wonke ku-OS kanye namaqiniso ezinhlelo zokuhlola ucwaningo.

Lapho bebuzwa ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi okufanele ivuzwe, abaphenduli babeke phambili ukuphathwa nokwabelana kwedatha evulekile ne-FAIR, kulandelwe ukushicilelwa kokufinyelela okuvulekile. Imikhuba efana nokwabelana kusengaphambili kanye nokubambisana ngokusebenzisa izindawo zocwaningo olubonakalayo ithole izimpendulo ezixubile kakhulu. Iningi (85%) libike ukuthi izinhlangano zabo azinazo izindlela ezisemthethweni zokuthola imivuzo. Njengoba omunye umhlanganyeli ephawulile: "Ukushicilela idatha evulekile noma isofthiwe akukabalwa ezindinganisweni zami zokukhushulwa."

Izibonelo ezinhle zagxila emazweni ambalwa - kufaka phakathi iFrance, i-United States, iNetherlands, neFinland - lapho izikhungo zinikeza khona uxhaso, imiklomelo, amabheji, noma ezinye izindlela zokuqashelwa. Kuzo zonke izifundo nezindima, ukukhetha okunamandla kwakuwukufaka izinkomba ze-OS ngqo ezinqumweni zokuqasha, ukukhushulwa, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali. Abaphenduli bagcizelele isidingo sokulinganisela izindlela zokulinganisa kanye nezibalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iminikelo ye-OS iyaqashelwa ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda imikhawulo yezilinganiso zamanje. Ngokubambisana, okutholakele kwenza kucace isidingo sokuguqulwa kwesistimu ukuze kuvumelaniswe izisusa zocwaningo nezindinganiso kanye nemikhuba ye-OS.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zikhala, i-RDA SHARC Interest Group idale izincomo zokunikeza amagama asetshenziswayo, amathuluzi okumaka, kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo sezikhungo, abaxhasi, kanye nabashicileli sendlela yokuvumelanisa kangcono izikhuthazo nezimiso ze-OS. Ngokufaka lokhu ezinhlakeni zokuqasha, zokukhushulwa, kanye nezokuxhashazwa, izincomo zihlose ukwakha isiko locwaningo eliqaphela njalo futhi livuza iminikelo ye-OS.

Izincomo zokuvuza imikhuba yeSayensi Evulekile

Izinhlangano ezenza ucwaningo kufanele baqaphele ngokusemthethweni iminikelo ye-OS ngokuhlanganisa idatha ye-FAIR, ikhodi, kanye neminye imiphumela ezindleleni zokuqasha, zokuhlala, kanye nokukhushulwa. Ukulandelela kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngezitatimende zokutholakala, izingcaphuno, kanye nezixhumanisi eziqhubekayo ngale kwemodeli yokushicilela yendabuko. Izinhlangano kufanele futhi zitshale imali engqalasizinda, ekuqeqeshweni, kanye nasekusekelweni kwabasebenzi, futhi zinikeze imivuzo ebonakalayo njengemiklomelo, amabheji, noma amasabatha.

Isibonelo: The Imephu Yomgwaqo ye-CNRS ye-OS ibheka kuphela imiphumela efakwe ezindaweni zokugcina ezivulekile ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kokusebenza, kuyilapho Uhlaka lwe-NORCAM kufaka ngokusobala imikhuba ye-OS ekuhlolweni kocwaningo kanye nokuqhubekela phambili komsebenzi.

Abaxhasi kufanele bagunyaze futhi basekele ngezimali imikhuba ye-OS - okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwedatha, ukwabelana, kanye nokuqeqeshwa - futhi baqaphele imiphumela eyahlukahlukene efana namasethi edatha, isofthiwe, kanye nokunyatheliswa kwangaphambili njengeminikelo yocwaningo lwekilasi eliphezulu. Kufanele futhi baqaphe ukuhambisana nezimiso ze-OS futhi babike ngokusobala imiphumela exhaswe ngemali ukuqinisekisa ukuzibophezela nokukhuthaza umkhuba omuhle kakhulu.

Isibonelo: I-ANII yase-Uruguay kufaka phakathi izabelomali ze-OS ezinikezelwe eziphakamisweni zezibonelelo. I-Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Inqubomgomo ye-OS idinga abanikeli ukuthi babelane ngedatha, ikhodi, amaphrothokholi, kanye nezinto ezibalulekile ezindaweni zokugcina ezivulekile kanye nokunyatheliswa kwangaphambili kanye nemibhalo yesandla evulekile.

Abashicileli kufanele basebenzise izihlonzi eziqhubekayo (isb. ama-ORCID, ama-DOI) kubabhali, amasethi edatha, isofthiwe, neminye imikhiqizo yocwaningo, futhi kufanele bagunyaze ukucashunwa okufanele kanye nokuthobela imithetho ye-FAIR ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha. Kufanele futhi basekele ukubuyekezwa okuvulekile kontanga, banikeze abahleli ithuba lokubuyekeza amasethi edatha, ikhodi, nezinto zokwakha, futhi bamukele izindinganiso zabanikeli ezifana I-CRediT ukuqaphela ngokusemthethweni izinhlobo ezahlukene zeminikelo.

Isibonelo: The Inqubomgomo ye-PLOS OS ikhuthaza ukwabelana ngezinto zobuciko zocwaningo, okuhlanganisa idatha, ikhodi, nezinto zokwakha, futhi iqapha ukuthobela imithetho ngokusebenzisa Izinkomba ze-OS. I-American Naturalist unikeza abazinikele abahleli bedatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasethi edatha kanye nekhodi kuhambisana nezimiso ze-FAIR.

Abenzi bezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni kufanele ihlanganise i-OS kumasu esayensi kazwelonke, okuhlanganisa izindlela zomvuzo nokuqashelwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Kufanele futhi ikhuthaze ukwenziwa kwezindinganiso kanye nokuxhumana ukuze kusekelwe ukusebenzisana kanye nokuhlola okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izikhungo.

Isibonelo: I-France (I-MHERI, 2021) kanye neNetherlands (UGielen nabanye, 2022) bafake izakhiwo zemivuzo ye-OS ezinqubweni zabo zesayensi zikazwelonke.

Abacwaningi ngabanye kufanele basebenzise izihlonzi eziqhubekayo njenge-ORCID kanye ne-DOIs ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kanye nokulandeleka. Kufanele balandelele futhi basho imiphumela ye-OS, okuhlanganisa amasethi edatha, isofthiwe, nezinye izinto, kuma-CV kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi basebenzisane nezindlela zokuqaphela ezingokomfanekiso njengezibheji noma izindima zamanxusa ukuze babonise iminikelo yabo.

Isibonelo: Abacwaningi bangathuthukisa ukubonakala komsebenzi ngokuxhumanisa imiphumela ye-OS neyabo I-ORCID amarekhodi kanye nokufaka isicelo Amabheji e-OS emisebenzini yabo.

Kumele kufundwe kwisayensi evulekile 

• Ukuhoxiswa kwe-US kwi-UNESCO: Kusho ukuthini lokhu kwi-Open Science? 
• Ukuntuleka kokushicilelwa kwesayensi 
• Ukwamukela ubunzima be-'100% OA': kusukela kumaphesenti kuya ekuhlanganyeleni 
• Ukufinyelela okuvulekile kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo: Ubani ongumnikazi wolwazi lwethu? 
• Amanyuvesi kumele aphinde avuselele ucwaningo lwe-AI ukuze kuzuze umphakathi 
• Iviki Lomhlaba Wonke Lokufinyelela Okuvulekile lika-2025 liqokomisa ingxoxo ngesihloko esithi: “Ubani Ongumnikazi Wolwazi Lwethu?” 
• I-TheoretiCS: ngemuva kwezigcawu zephephabhuku lesayensi elivulelekile 
• Indlela isenzo esihlangene esakha ngayo ukufinyelela okuvulekile eLatin America 
• I-Open Access kumele isebenzele wonke umuntu 
• Ingqalasizinda yabantu yesayensi evulekile: kungani ukuqeqesha kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili 
• I-metadata yomxhasi ovulekile ibalulekile ukuze kube sobala ocwaningweni lwangempela 

Intuthuko yakamuva kwisayensi evulekile 

• Ingqungquthela ye-UN Open Science & Open Scholarship icela isinyathelo sokunqoba ukungalingani kwesenzo kanye nokubamba iqhazaIsitatimende seKomidi Elilulekayo Lengqungquthela siqinisekisa ukuthi isayensi evulekile ithuthukisa ulwazi njengento enhle yomphakathi womhlaba wonke futhi iyisisusa esibalulekile sokuqalisa iSivumelwano Sesikhathi Esizayo. 

• Ukuguqulwa kokushicilela kwesayensi: iSimemezelo saseStockholmNgemva komhlangano kaJuni 2025 eRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences, lesi simemezelo siyisimemo sokuhlanganisa emhlabeni wonke iqembu lohulumeni abazimisele, abaxhasi, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, kanye nezinhlangano zesayensi ukuze bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ukusiza ekubuyiseleni ukwethembana kwisayensi. 

• I-cOAlition S iqinisa ukuzibophezela kokufinyelela okuvulekile ngenkathi ithuthukisa isigaba esilandelayo samasu. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemuva kokwethulwa koHlelo S, inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe yezinhlangano zokuxhasa ucwaningo kanye nokusekela ichaze uhlelo olusha lwesu lokuqhubekisela phambili imizamo yabo ehlangene yokufinyelela okuvulekile phambili (2026-2030). 

• Ama-preprint 'awaqali' e-Afrika. Ochwepheshe baxwayise ku-webinar yangomhlaka-12 Novemba ukuthi ama-preprints awakafiki ezingeni lokucwaninga e-Afrika, naphezu kokuthi anamandla okusheshisa ukufinyelela okuvulekile kanye nokubambisana. 

• Inqubekela phambili ezingxoxweni zokufinyelela okuvulekile e-Australia naseNew Zealand. UMkhandlu Wezincwadi Zase-Australasian University (CAUL), Amanyuvesi ase-Australia, kanye namaNyuvesi aseNew Zealand, bafinyelele esivumelwaneni esisha esibalulekile sokufinyelela okuvulekile noTaylor noFrancis.  

• Isikhungo Sesayensi Evulekile sinikezwe isibonelelo sokugcina nokuvikela idatha yesayensi exhaswe ngumphakathiI-COS inikezwe isibonelelo esivela kwi-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluqondiswe emphakathini lokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yesayensi exhaswa nguhulumeni. 

• I-UNESCO ishicilela okutholakele kusukela ekubonisaneni ngohlaka lokufinyelela okuvulekile kwedayimane emhlabeni jikelele. Lo mbiko wethula imiphumela yocwaningo oluthi “Ukubonisana ngohlaka lokufinyelela oluvulekile lwedayimane lomhlaba wonke,” olwenziwa ku-inthanethi phakathi kukaSepthemba 2024 noJanuwari 2025 yi-UNESCO. 

• Imitapo yolwazi yase-US ithola isibonelelo sokuthuthukisa i-Diamond Open Access. ULyrasis, ngokubambisana ne-Big Ten Academic Alliance's Center for Library Programs kanye ne-California Digital Library (CDL), unikezwe isibonelelo sika-$206,886 esivela kwi-Gates Foundation ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushicilelwa kwezemfundo okulawulwa umphakathi nokufinyelela okuvulekile e-United States. 

• Abasunguli abasebasha baveza ukuzibophezela kwisayensi evulekileIngxoxo yamazwe ngamazwe enesihloko esithi “Ukuxhumanisa Umhlaba: Amandla Entsha Esayensini Evulekile” yahlangana eBeijing ngoNovemba ukuze kuxoxwe ngamathuba nezinselele zokubambisana kwesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwesimo esishintshayo sesayensi evulekile kanye nomncintiswano wezobuchwepheshe womhlaba wonke. 

• I-arXiv ithola isibonelelo sika-$7 million sokuthuthukisa kusukela ku-Schmidt Sciences kanye ne-NASA ukuthuthukisa i-arXiv, indawo yokugcina ucwaningo evulekile enezihloko ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.8.  

• I-Arab States Research and Education Network (ASREN) yethula ipulatifomu entsha yokufinyelela evulekile ne-LA Referencia kanye ne-RedCLARAIngqophamlando yesifunda sama-Arabhu yamenyezelwa ngoDisemba ngokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-Tibr, i-Arab Regional Open Access Harvester, ipulatifomu yokufinyelela evulekile ehlanganisa, ixhumanise, futhi ithuthukise umkhiqizo wesayensi wamazwe ama-Arab ngokusebenzisa indawo eyodwa yokufinyelela. 

• I-Open Science Monitoring Initiative (OSMI) ikhipha imiphumela yocwaningo lwayo lwango-2025. I-OSMI yenze ucwaningo lwabahlinzeki bokuqukethwe kwezemfundo ukuze baqonde imikhuba yokuqapha yamanje, imiphumela evulekile, kanye nezidingo ezivelayo.  

• Ukubambisana okusha kunika amandla izinkulungwane zabacwaningi ukwabelana ngezindlela zocwaningo, ukuthuthukisa ukuphindaphindeka kanye nokuqhuba inqubekela phambili yesayensi yomhlaba wonkeI-Springer Nature kanye ne-Research4Life bandisa ubambiswano ukuze bafake ukufinyelela ku-protocols.io kososayensi emazweni angaphezu kuka-90 anengeniso ephansi nephakathi. 

• Umkhakha wamanyuvesi ase-UK ufinyelela izivumelwano nabashicileli abane abakhuluAmanyuvesi ase-UK afinyelele izivumelwano ezintsha zokushicilela zesikhashana no-Elsevier, uSpringer Nature, uTaylor & Francis kanye noWiley ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ukufinyelela okuvulekile, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kokususa izindleko zokucubungula izihloko, yize ukukhathazeka ngokukwazi ukuzikhokhela kusho ukuthi ezinye izikhungo zingase zikhethe ukungakhokhi. 

• I-Manifesto yaseBogota: Ukuya kwisayensi evulekile, yentando yeningi nefanele umphakathi eLatin America naseCaribbean. . Ikhishwe yi-Latin American Council of Social Sciences, lesi simemezelo sifuna ukuguqulwa kwesayensi eLatin America naseCaribbean ibe yintando yeningi, efanele emphakathini, futhi evulekile - ukuphatha ulwazi lwesayensi njengento enhle yomphakathi, ukukhuthaza izinhlelo zokuhlola ezibandakanya wonke umuntu, nokuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, ubukhosi bolwazi, kanye nokufinyelela okulinganayo (okutholakala ngesiSpanishi nangesiNgisi). 

Vula imicimbi yeSayensi namathuba 

• Isicelo sezinkulumo ezibonisa intshisekelo yokujoyina i-Global Sustainability Coalition for Open Science Services (SCOSS) – isikhathi sokugcina: 15 Januwari 2026 
• Isimemo sezicelo: Umklomelo Wokuphathwa Kwedatha we-WDS ka-2026 – usuku lokugcina: 16 Januwari 2026 
• Ithenda lokuhlonza i-coAllition S Host Secretariat – usuku lokugcina: 31 Januwari 2026 
• Ingqungquthela Yesithathu Yomhlaba Wonke Yokufinyelela Okuvulekile Kwedayimane – 2-6 Nhlolanja 2026, eBengaluru, eNdiya 

Isithombe ngu Leif Christoph Gottwald on Unsplash

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Ulwazi, imibono nezincomo ezivezwa kumabhulogi ethu ezivakashi ezabantu ngabanye, futhi azibonisi izindinganiso nezinkolelo zoMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe.

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