Ososayensi nabacwaningi baya ngokuya bezazisa izinganekwane zesayensi ngeminikelo yazo ekulindeleni izimo zesikhathi esizayo. Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wayo wokuhlola izikhombisi-ndlela lapho izinguquko zezinhlelo zesayensi nesayensi zisiholela khona, i Isikhungo Sekusasa Lesayensi sahlala phansi nababhali abayisithupha abahamba phambili bezinganekwane zesayensi ukuze baqoqe imibono yabo yokuthi isayensi ingabhekana kanjani nezinselele eziningi zomphakathi esizobhekana nazo emashumini eminyaka ezayo. I-podcast ibambisene ne Nature.
Esiqeshini sethu sesine, sibe nezingxoxo noFernanda Trías mayelana nendlela yokuhlanganisa ndawonye ubuciko nesayensi. Ukhuluma ngokuphuthuma kokuthatha izinyathelo lapho kubhekene namaqiniso asabekayo njengezinkinga zemvelo. Ukholelwa ukuthi ngokwenziwa kwasendaweni kwezinkinga nezixazululo, singenza isayensi ibe nenjongo.
UFernanda Trías
UFernanda Trías wazalelwa eMontevideo, e-Uruguay, futhi njengamanje uzinze eColombia. Umbhali owine imiklomelo kanye nomfundisi wokubhala ngobuciko, uphethe i-MFA in Creative Writing evela eNyuvesi yaseNew York futhi ushicilele amanoveli amane, amabili awo ahunyushelwa esiNgisini (I-Roof Top, Charco Cindezela 2020, kanye I-Pink Slime, Umbhali 2023), kanye neqoqo lendaba emfushane.
U-Paul Shrivastava (00:03):
Sawubona, ngingu-Paul Shrivastava, futhi kulolu chungechunge lwama-podcast ngikhuluma nababhali bezinganekwane ngekusasa. Ngicabanga ukuthi indlela yabo ehlukile yokubuka izinto ingasinika ukuqonda okubalulekile kokuthi singadala kanjani uhlobo lomhlaba esiwufunayo futhi sigweme uhlobo esingalufuni.
U-Fernanda Trías (00:24):
Sonke sinethemba lokuthi isayensi izofika izosisindisa enhlekeleleni nasenkingeni esiyidalile, futhi akuyona indlela ezosebenza ngayo.
U-Paul Shrivastava (00:32):
Namuhla ngikhuluma no-Fernanda Trías, umbhali wamanoveli wase-Uruguay nombhali wezindaba ezimfushane. Uphinde abe ngumfundisi kwezobuciko bokubhala e-Universidad de los Andes e-Bogotá. Incwadi yakhe, I-Pink Slime, yaqashelwa njengenye yezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zomlobi wesifazane emhlabeni okhuluma iSpanishi. Sixoxisane ngogqozi lwakhe, ukuthi ukwesaba kwe-dystopian kungaletha ushintsho, nokubaluleka kokuhlanganisa ubuciko nesayensi. Ngethemba ukuthi uzokujabulela.
Wamukelekile, Fernanda. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusijoyina kulolu chungechunge lwama-podcast. Ngingathanda ukuqala ngokukubuza ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukukhuluma kancane ngesizinda sakho kanye nobudlelwano bakho nesayensi.
U-Fernanda Trías (01:24):
Empeleni, ngiphuma emndenini lapho isayensi nobuciko bekulokhu kuxhumene. Ubaba wayengudokotela. Ngokwesibonelo, ngakhula ngidlala emaphasishi ezibhedlela, ubaba wayekhuluma ngomzimba womuntu, futhi kimi kwakuthakazelisa kakhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, nganginokuthambekela kobuntu, ngakho ngagcina ngifundele izifundo zabantu. Ngasebenza iminyaka eminingi njengomhumushi, kodwa ngangikhethekile emibhalweni yezokwelapha. Ekuhumusheni, ngathola indlela yokuba nazo zombili, kwesokudla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilimi engizithandayo futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngingenza ucwaningo, ngifunde.
U-Paul Shrivastava (02:07):
Kuyamangalisa. Incwadi yakho entsha ethokozisayo ehunyushwayo, I-Pink Slime, ngesiNgisi - ungasitshela kancane ngendikimba evamile yencwadi nokuthi ukhuluma kanjani ngesayensi kanye nenhlangano yesayensi kulo msebenzi?
U-Fernanda Trías (02:23):
Empeleni, i-pink slime ingenye yalezo zinto engazithola ngenkathi ngenza ukuhumusha kwezokwelapha. Kule noveli ye-dystopian, kube nenhlekelele yemvelo, futhi ngacabanga, kuhle, ake sicabange ngezwe lapho into okufanele bondle ngayo inani labantu yilo namathisela obizwa ngokuthi 'i-pink slime', ngokuhlukumeza. Zonke izicucu nazo zonke izingcezwana nezingcezu zezidumbu, imfuyo, zishiswa ngamaqondo okushisa aphakeme ngempela. Bese befakwa phakathi ukuze bakhiphe amafutha enyameni, bese kuba nokunamathisela okubomvana kakhulu, okufana nokuxubha amazinyo. Abalingiswa ababili abakhulu - umxoxi ungowesifazane futhi unakekela ingane enesifo esingajwayelekile. Enye yezimpawu eziningi enazo ukuthi umuntu uhlezi elambile. Ubuchopho abumukeli isignali ethi, Kulungile, sekwanele. Ngakho-ke kuyisifo esibuhlungu kakhulu, futhi lona wesifazane unakekela ingane engakwazi ukuyeka ukudla ezweni elinokuntuleka kokudla, futhi le slime ebomvana iwukudla okuyinhloko okutholakalayo.
U-Paul Shrivastava (03:39):
Lokho kunamandla kakhulu. Futhi ithemba elilodwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-trope of horror kanye ne-dystopia lushaqisa abantu futhi lubenze bashintshe ukuziphatha ukuze babe nokusimama kakhudlwana - kungaba ekudleni kwemizimba yabo, noma ekushiseni ikhabhoni, noma yini onayo. Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi izinganekwane zesayensi zingaletha ushintsho endleleni yokucabanga?
U-Fernanda Trías (04:03):
Angazi, kodwa yonke inoveli ye-dystopian iqukethe okungenani i-echo ethile yeqiniso. Nginomuzwa wokuthi, njengomphakathi, siyaphika njengamanje ukuthi kwenzekani ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Futhi kujwayelekile ngoba kuthusa kakhulu futhi… abantu ngabanye – asiboni ukuthi singenza okuningi ukuguqula okwenzekayo. Siyakuzwa lokhu kukhungatheka, kodwa yingakho ngicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubuciko bulethe isihloko futhi benze sitholakale kubantu ngoba senza isibonelo esibambekayo salokho okungenzeka. Futhi ngokuzumayo singacabanga umhlaba wonke ngayo yonke le miphumela, kanye nemininingwane, nokuthi lokhu kungabathinta kanjani abantu abajwayelekile, nsuku zonke, futhi singaqala kanjalo ukukhuluma ngalokhu.
U-Paul Shrivastava (05:00):
Kukhona lezi zindlela zokucabanga ngathi ngokwethu njengehlukene nemvelo, kodwa kukhona okunye. Umbono womdabu womhlaba emazweni amaningi uphelele kakhulu futhi ubandakanya kakhulu, ukuthi siyindalo, siyingxenye yewebhu yemvelo, futhi uma senza okuthile kukho, nakho kuyabuya futhi kusithinte. Ungacabanga ukuthi lokho kungaba usizo futhi njengokunqoba ezinye zalezi zinselele?
U-Fernanda Trías (05:31):
Ngithanda lokho uVandana Shiva, isazi sefilosofi saseNdiya, i-ecofeminist. Ukhuluma nge-eco-apartheid, ukuthi kukhona ukwehlukana phakathi kwabantu nendalo yonke. Kungabaluleka ukuthi isayensi ifunde kulowo mqondo, ngoba eminingi yale mibono evela kubantu bomdabu—lapha eColombia, sinayo eminingi—ingathathwa njengencane ngokwesayensi. Ngalowo mqondo, isayensi ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nokukhukhumeza kakhulu, akunjalo? Kungakho ngicabanga ukuthi indlela yokucabanga ye-ecofeminist ingasiza kakhulu. Futhi nokuba nabesifazane abaningi abasebenza kwezesayensi kungaletha lolo shintsho. Futhi njengamanje eLatin America, kukhona ababhali ababheke kulezi ezinye izinhlobo zolwazi nokubhala izinganekwane zesayensi zisuka lapho. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuyathakazelisa kakhulu.
U-Paul Shrivastava (06:30):
Inohlonze impela. Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi intuthuko ethile yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe empeleni ilimaza izinhlelo zomhlaba, futhi kungaba yini indima eqanjiwe yesayensi ekuvimbeleni lokho?
U-Fernanda Trías (06:47):
Engiba nomuzwa wokuthi ngezinye izikhathi isayensi ifana nomama oqotho ogijima ngemva kwengane eyonakele edala umonakalo endlini. Futhi umama ugijima ngemuva nje ecosha amathoyizi, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke isayensi njengamanje yile netha yokuphepha sonke esithemba ukuthi isayensi izofika futhi ithole indlela yokusisindisa enhlekeleleni nasenkingeni esiyidalile, futhi akuyona indlela ezosebenza ngayo.
Uma sithatha indaba yokudla, ngokwesibonelo, kunezilinganiso zokuthi iplanethi izodinga ukukhiqiza ukudla okwengeziwe okungama-60% ngo-2050 ukuze kuqhubeke ukwanda kwabantu emhlabeni. Lokho kuzoba nzima ngempela. Kukhona izinto ezintsha zesayensi ezivele zihamba ngaleyo ndlela, ngicabanga ukuthi, singaziguqula kanjani izitshalo noma imbewu ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokushisa? Kodwa-ke uma ucabanga ngakho, cishe amaphesenti angama-30 okudla okukhiqizwa emhlabeni njengamanje kulahleka noma kumoshakala, futhi kuhambisana nobunxiwankulu, kunjalo. Ngakho esikudingayo wushintsho. Inganekwane yesayensi iyasisiza, ngisho noma ingaqhamuki nesixazululo, kunjalo, kodwa okungenani iyasiza ekuhloleni inkinga futhi iyasiza ekubuzeni umbuzo.
U-Paul Shrivastava (08:01):
Iphuzu olivezayo mayelana nezobuciko noma izindaba ezilolonga umbuzo - lokhu kuya emnyombweni walokho abanye abantu abakubiza ngokuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi oluguquguqukayo, lapho ucwaningo lwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela nababambe iqhaza.
U-Fernanda Trías (08:17):
Futhi yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanganisa, uyazi, ubuntu nesayensi. Ngoba izinkinga esibhekene nazo njengamanje zikapakela emingceleni nasezinkundleni zolwazi. Ngakho-ke sithatha ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, akuyona nje indaba yemvelo. Noma yisiphi isinqumo sinomthelela omkhulu kwezomnotho nezenhlalo. Kudingeka sicabange ngezidingo zomphakathi ngamunye esimweni sawo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini esifuna ukuyenza. Kufanele ucabange ukuthi kuzosebenza kanjani emphakathini ngalezo zinselelo ezithile.
U-Paul Shrivastava (08:53):
Ngakho leli phuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Indaba yokwenza okwasendaweni, hhayi nje ukunamathela ezixazululweni ezijwayelekile, kodwa ukuzenza ngendlela oyifisayo ngokwengqikithi yesiko lendawo. Lokho kuyisihluthulelo sesixazululo ngempela, futhi lokho kimina, futhi, kungaphandle komkhakha wesayensi yendabuko, evamile. Yiziphi iziphakamiso ongase ube nazo kososayensi ukuze bazibandakanye kulolu hlobo lwemiphumela?
U-Fernanda Trías (09:21):
Lo mbono wokuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi nobuciko buhlukene usabalele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi banezinto eziningi abafana ngazo kunalokho esikucabangayo ngoba bobabili badinga ilukuluku kanye nokuzimisela ukuxhuma emibonweni ebukeka iqhelelene.
U-Paul Shrivastava (09:40):
Ukuxhuma amachashazi ukwenza iphethini enkulu. Futhi lokhu, kimi, umnyakazo wobuciko. Akuwona umnyakazo wesayensi.
U-Fernanda Trías (09:49):
Impela, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe ososayensi abahamba phambili yilabo abanalolu hlobo lokucabanga, niyazi, lo mqondo wokudala. Ubuciko yinto okungeyona eyabanye abantu abangabaculi kuphela. Sonke singabantu abahlakaniphile. Lapho ngiqala ukubhala… ngicabanga ngenoveli eyayizoba kamuva I-Pink Slime, nganginezici ezithile ezazibukeka zingahlobene nhlobo. Isibonelo, i-slime ebomvana inamathiselwe, ingane enalesi sifo… Lokhu kufana ne-patchwork, kodwa kimina njengombhali, ngidinga ukwethemba lo mbono. Ngangazi ukuthi bandawonye. Ngangingazi ukuthi kanjani.
U-Paul Shrivastava (10:33):
Siyabonga ngokulalela le podcast evela ku-International Science Council's Center for Science Futures eyenziwe ngokubambisana ne-Arthur C. Clarke Center for Human Imagination e-UC San Diego vakashela i-futures.council.science ukuze uthole umsebenzi owengeziwe we-Center for Science Futures. Igxile ezindleleni ezisafufusa zesayensi nezinhlelo zocwaningo futhi inikeza izinketho namathuluzi okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi olungcono.
UPaul Shrivastava, uSolwazi Wezokuphatha Nezinhlangano ePennsylvania State University, usingathe uchungechunge lwe-podcast. Ugxile ekufezekisweni kweZinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme. I-podcast futhi yenziwa ngokubambisana ne-Arthur C. Clarke Centre for Human Imagination eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego.
Lo msebenzi ubunganyelwe ngu UMathieu Denis futhi wathwalwa Dong Liu, ukusuka Isikhungo Sekusasa Lesayensi, ithangi lokucabanga le-ISC.
Izithombe ezivela UPatrick Perkins on Unsplash.
Disclaimer
Ulwazi, imibono nezincomo ezivezwa kumabhulogi ethu ezivakashi ezabantu ngabanye, futhi azibonisi izindinganiso nezinkolelo zoMkhandlu Wesayensi Wamazwe Ngamazwe.
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-Science Diplomat Podcast: Sir Peter Gluckman ngeseluleko seSayensi, ukwethenjwa, kanye nemikhawulo yobufakazi Funda kabanzi ngeSayensi engenamingcele: Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwesizukulwane esilandelayo sabacwaningi Funda kabanzi mayelana nokucabanga Kabusha ukukhula kanye nokuqina ohlelweni lwendawo yocwaningo 