Ukwandisa ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane engxoxweni yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, okuhlanganisa nabaholi, kubalulekile kwikusasa le-carbon-zero

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu emhlabeni wonke ababengalazi igama Eunice Foote, isazi sezulu esiyimfunda ngo-1856 sathola ukufudumala kokukhanya kwelanga kusikhutha, ekugcineni saziwa ngokuthi i-greenhouse effect. Ucwaningo lwakhe lwethulwa emhlanganweni we-American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) nguJoseph Henry weSmithsonian Institution, njengoba abesifazane babengakwazi ukuya ngaleso sikhathi. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva uJames Tyndall wathi kwatholakala ukuthi amagesi okuhlanganisa ne-carbon dioxide abamba ukushisa, manje aziwa ngokuwembule. Endabeni eyaziwa abacwaningi besifazane abaningi, uTyndall wakwazi ukuthola uxhaso ukuze athuthukise ucwaningo lwakhe futhi ahlukanise phakathi komthelela wemisebe yelanga neminye imithombo yemisebe. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lukaFoote luyingqopha-mlando yesayensi, futhi luhlaba umxhwele naphezu kokuntula kwakhe ukufinyelela, okokusebenza nokuqeqeshwa. Udaba lwakhe luveza ukubaluleka kokuthi abesifazane babe nezwi ekubhekaneni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokubaluleka kwegalelo abesifazane abaqeqeshwe ngemfundo namakhono ku-STEM abangaba nalo, kanye nezithiyo ezihlelekile abesifazane ababhekana nazo lapho bezwakala.

Abesifazane baya ngokuya babonwa njenge abasengozini kakhulu kunamadoda emithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi bamele iningi labampofu emhlabeni futhi bancike kakhulu emithonjeni yemvelo esengozini. Abesilisa nabesifazane baneqhaza elihlukene, izibopho, amandla okuthatha izinqumo, ukufinyelela emhlabeni nemithombo yemvelo, amathuba nezidingo. Emazweni amaningi nasemiphakathini, abesifazane banomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza ukudla, ukukha amanzi emakhaya abo kanye nokuqoqa amafutha okupheka. Izehlakalo eziqhutshwa yisimo sezulu njengezikhukhula, isomiso kanye nesimo sezulu esibi zenze le misebenzi yaba nzima futhi yabeka umthwalo onzima kwabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abathintekile baneqhaza elibalulekile ekubhekaneni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nasekunciphiseni ngenxa yolwazi nokuqonda kwabo okudingekayo ukuze bavumelane nezimo zemvelo ezishintshayo futhi baqhamuke nezixazululo ezingokoqobo.

Emhlabeni wonke, abesifazane banokuncane ukufinyelela kwezinsizakusebenza ezifana nomhlaba, izikweletu, izinto zezolimo, izinhlaka zokwenza izinqumo, ubuchwepheshe nokuqeqeshwa okungathuthukisa amandla abo okubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngakho-ke kunciphisa ikhono labesifazane lokuzimela ngokwezimali, futhi kunomthelela omubi jikelele emalungelweni abantu besifazane kwezenhlalo nezombusazwe, ikakhulukazi kwezomnotho ezincike kakhulu kwezolimo. Ukucindezeleka kwemvelo okuvela ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwatholakala kuwumkhawulo oyinhloko ejensi yabesifazane, echazwa njengekhono lokwenza izinqumo eziphusile nezinqumo zamasu, noma ngabe izinhlaka zemizi, izinhlelo zomthetho kanye nezinkambiso zomphakathi zisekela ukulingana ngokobulili.

Imiphumela yokungalingani ngokobulili ekubhekaneni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunezici ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuba sengozini kwabesifazane namandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye neqhaza labesifazane ekuthuthukiseni izenzo zokunciphisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ucwaningo ngezimpendulo e-Afrika nase-Asia ikhombisa ukuthi i-ejensi yabesifazane inikela kanjani ezimpendulweni zokuzijwayeza.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izenzo zokunciphisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, abesifazane abanemfundo yesayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela, kanye nezibalo (STEM) banendima ebalulekile okufanele bayidlale, hhayi kuphela ekukhulumeni kodwa ekuholeni, ekuklameni, ekuthuthukiseni nasekusebenziseni izixazululo. Nokho, a Ucwaningo by GenderInSite kanye ne Umkhandlu Wezesayensi Wamazwe Omhlaba ekhishwe ngoSepthemba 2021 ikhombisa ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zikazwelonke emikhakheni ye-STEM bekungama-16%, kusuka ku-28% kusayensi yebhayoloji kuye kwafinyelela ku-10% kwezobunjiniyela. Isabelo esimaphakathi sabesifazane abasebenza esigungwini esilawulayo singama-29% ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme kanye nama-37% ezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe eziqondisa izigwegwe. Isiphakamiso esimqoka kwaba wukwandisa ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane ebuholini nasekuphathweni kwalezi zinhlangano.

Ukulingana kobulili kwisayensi

Ukufakwa kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane ezinhlanganweni zesayensi yomhlaba wonke

Ucwaningo olubika ngokufakwa nokubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane ezinhlanganweni zesayensi ezingaphezu kuka-120 ezididiyelwe ezingeni lomhlaba luthola ukuthi abesifazane basamelwe kakhulu. Ihlaba ikhwelo lokuthi kusungulwe umfelandawonye mayelana nokulingana kobulili kwisayensi yomhlaba wonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-ajenda yesenzo soguquko.

Ukubaluleka koku ukubhekana nokungalingani ngokobulili ekubhekaneni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuye kwaqashelwa yizinhlangano eziningi ezahlukene. Kusukela yasungulwa ngowe-1980, abesifazane bebeyidlanzana ekufakeni isandla emsebenzini we-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Nokho, ngoFebhuwari 2020 I-IPCC yamukele inqubomgomo yokulingana nokufakwa kobulili kanye nohlelo lokukhulisa amagalelo ososayensi besifazane. Kwethenjwa ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kuqondwe kabanzi ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubathinta kanjani abesifazane. Ikakhulukazi, amazwi abesifazane abavela emazweni asathuthuka kanye nezifunda ezithinteke kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu azozwakala. Njengamanje, ngaphezudlwana kuka-30% wababhali be-IPCC ngabesifazane kanti amasekela-sihlalo wesifazane wokuqala akhethwa ngo-2015. ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane ezithunywa zikahulumeni kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo e-UNFCCC kanye nemihlangano ehlobene nayo iyaqhubeka nokuba phansi, ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane, inselele yesistimu yenani eliphansi labesifazane emisebenzini ye-STEM, ekhawulela iqoqo lalabo abangase babe neqhaza, kanye nokuncika kohulumeni ukuthi baqoke izithunywa, idinga ukubhekwa.

Kudingeka abesifazane abengeziwe ezikhundleni zobuholi kwezamabhizinisi, amanyuvesi kanye nohulumeni njengoba bejwayele ukugqugquzela ukusabela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kufana nomthelela omuhle wokulingana ngokobulili okuthuthukisiwe ekubusweni kwemvelo nenhlalakahle, ukusebenza kwebhizinisi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.

Naphezu kwalokhu, abesifazane basaqhubeka nokumelwa kancane emabhodini enhlangano. Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo ukumeleleka kwabesifazane emabhodini nasemaqenjini okuphatha ezinkampani ezinkulu zamandla eJalimane, eSpain naseSweden kubonise ukuthi u-64% wayengenabo nhlobo abesifazane emabhodini noma emaqenjini okuphatha futhi bangama-5% kuphela ababengabhekwa njengabalinganayo ngokobulili ngokuba nama-40% noma ngaphezulu abesifazane kulokho. izikhundla. Okwakamuva umbiko ngokubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane emabhodini emhlabeni jikelele, eshicilelwe ngoFebhuwari 2021, ikhombisa okuphezulu kakhulu e-France ngama-44% kanye nokuphansi kakhulu e-Brazil ngo-12%. E-US abesifazane abanjwe mayelana I-11% yezinkampani ezizimele izihlalo zebhodi ngo-2020 kanye nama-24.3% we 3000 inkampani yomphakathi izihlalo zebhodi ngo-March 2021. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlangano ezifana ne I-World Economic Forum Yokubusa Isimo Sezulu basungula izahluko emhlabeni wonke zamabhodi ezinkampani ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengengcuphe ebonakalayo. Ukwandisa inani labesifazane abanamakhono we-STEM emabhodini ezinhlangano, abakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni zobuholi, akukaze kube okuphuthumayo.

Ukuhlanganyela kwabesifazane ekwenziweni kwenqubomgomo ezingeni likazwelonke nelendawo nakho kubalulekile. Ucwaningo emazweni amaningi kukhombisa ukuthi ukumeleleka kwabesifazane emaphalamende kazwelonke kuholela ekutheni amazwe athathe inqubomgomo eqinile yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi yomhlaba wonke engenamingcele. Isenzo somhlaba wonke siyadingeka ngabesilisa nabesifazane. Kunesidingo sokucatshangelwa kwemibono eyahlukene kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezixazululo. Abenzi benqubomgomo nososayensi badinga uhlaka oluqinile olucubungula zonke izici, olunxephezela ukwenzelela okungazi lutho futhi olungakwazi ukubhekana nezikhala zolwazi. Indlela ebandakanyayo – ehlanganisa amazwi engxenye yabantu bomhlaba – izosiza ekusheshiseni isivumelwano mayelana nezinguquko okudingeka sizenze. Abesifazane banamakhono kanye nekhono lokwenza umnikelo osebenzayo nobalulekile, kufanele nje bangeniswe etendeni.

Ungase ube nesithakazelo ku:

• I-World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) Izindaba Zesimo Sezulu: UDkt Marlene Kanga ubika ese-Australia

Marlene Kanga, AM FTSE Hon.FIEAust Hon. I-FICheme

UMarlene wayengumongameli weqembu I-World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) phakathi kuka-2017 no-2019. I-WFEO iyinhlangano ephakeme kakhulu yezikhungo zobunjiniyela emhlabeni wonke enamalungu avela ezizweni eziyi-100, amele onjiniyela abayizigidi ezingu-30. WayenguMongameli Kazwelonke Wonjiniyela wase-Australia ka-2013 kanye nelungu loMkhandlu kusukela ngo-2007-2014.

UnguMqondisi Ongeyena Ophethe wezinye izinhlangano ezinkulu e-Australia kwezinsiza, ezokuthutha kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. UMarlene a Fellow we-Australian Academy of Engineering, i-Honorary Fellow ye-Engineers Australia kanye ne-Honorary Fellow we-Institution of Chemical Engineers (UK). Ufakwe ohlwini lonjiniyela abayikhulu base-Australia ababambe iqhaza e-Australia eminyakeni eyikhulu yonjiniyela base-Australia ngo-100, phakathi konjiniyela besifazane Abaphezulu abayi-2019 base-Australia futhi uyiLungu le-Order of Australia ngokuhlonishwa kobuholi bakhe bomsebenzi wobunjiniyela.

Isithombe: Dan Parsons (sisatshalaliswa nge-imaggeo.egu.eu).