Mayelana umbhali:
UDkt. Chinwe Chukwudi ungudokotela wezilwane onolwazi, isazi sezinto eziphilayo zama-molecular kanye nodokotela wezifo zemitholampilo ovela eNyuvesi yaseNigeria, oneziqu ze-PhD ku-molecular biology kanye ne-microbial genetics evela eRoyal Veterinary College, eNyuvesi yaseLondon.
Owayengumfundi we-Commonwealth (izifundo ze-PhD), u-Erasmus Mundus Scholar, i-Commonwealth Fellow kanye nomfundi we-African Postdoctoral Training Initiative, uDkt. Chukwudi uthole izindondo eziningi kanye nemiklomelo yokuqaphela ubuhle bakhe ocwaningweni.
Njengengxenye ye Iphrojekthi yeSayensi Systems Futures, i-ISC ifuna ukujulisa ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buguqula kanjani umkhuba womhlaba wonke kanye nokuhleleka kwesayensi. Ababhali abakhethiwe abavela emphakathini we-ISC bamenyiwe ukuthi bacabange ngemiphumela kuzo zonke izizinda zesayensi ezahlukahlukene.
I-Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), eyaziwa ngokuthi “isifo sokulala,” ibilokhu ingekho kakhulu emibikweni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Ibangelwa yizinambuzane ezidluliselwa ngokulunywa yizimpukane ze-tsetse, ivame ukubulala uma ingalashwa. Kodwa ukunyamalala kwayo kumarekhodi asemthethweni akubonisi ukwehla kwangempela. Abacwaningi bendawo kulo lonke elase-Afrika bayaqhubeka nokubona umthelela wayo, naphezu kokuqashelwa okusemthethweni okulinganiselwe.
I-HAT ingenye yezifo eziningi zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinganakwa (ama-NTD) ezithinta kakhulu abantu abampofu. Iziguli azitholakali ngokusemthethweni noma zinikezwe ukwelashwa okufanele, futhi ukudluliswa kwezifo akuqashelwa ngokwanele. Ukuntuleka kwamacala abikiwe kuvame ukuchazwa njengempumelelo, okwenza izinhloso zokuqeda zibonakale zifinyeleleka kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile akuzona izifo ezinyamalalayo, kodwa izinhlelo ezenzelwe ukuzibona nokuphendula kuzo ezihlala zibuthakathaka. Ubufakazi obuqhubekayo bokuba khona kwesifo buphathwa njengento engavamile, okwenza abacwaningi bangabaze ukubika okutholakele okungajwayelekile.
Ukuqonda ubukhulu be-NTD akubalulekile kangako ngekhono lesayensi eNingizimu Yomhlaba kunangokulungela inqubomgomo. Kunabacwaningi abaningi abanamakhono kanye namakhono obuchwepheshe akhulayo. Amathuluzi amasha angaguqula izigidi zezimpilo ngokuthuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo ngenkathi edala intuthuko ebanzi yezenhlalo nezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwemigomo evumelayo, lobu buchwepheshe obuguqulayo buhlala bungasetshenziswa kahle, bungafinyeleleki, noma bungazinzile.
Izinqubomgomo zezempilo zomhlaba wonke ezibekwe ezingeni lomhlaba wonke zibumba izinqumo zokuxhaswa ngezimali, amazinga, kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni. Noma kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo kuvame ukuhamba kancane, kudinga ukuqiniseka kwesayensi, ukuvumelana kwezepolitiki, kanye nokuzibophezela kwezezimali okuqhubekayo. Ngisho nokuxhumanisa i-World Health Organization Umhlahlandlela wezifo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinganakwa 2021-2030 Kuthathe iminyaka eminingi ukuxoxisana futhi kuyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezithiyo ezibalulekile zokuqaliswa kokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubomgomo eziningi zezempilo zomhlaba wonke zathuthukiswa ngenxa yezimo zobuchwepheshe zangaphambili, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kusaqinile.
Noma kunjalo, ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuvunyelwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezifo eziningi ze-NTD kusalokhu kugxile kakhulu ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, ngokufakwa okuncane kuzwelonke. Ama-laboratory okubhekisela emhlabeni wonke avame ukugcina igunya lokuqinisekisa, ephatha idatha ekhiqizwe endaweni njengesikhashana naphezu kokuqina okuqinile kwendlela. Ososayensi ezikhungweni ze-Global South bavame ukungabi negunya lokwenza okuthile ngobufakazi obuvelayo, behlisa ukuphendula kanye nokulawulwa kwezifo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukulinganisa kukhuthaza ukuvumelana, futhi amazwe avame ukwamukela izinhlaka zomhlaba wonke zibe yizinqubomgomo zikazwelonke. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlanganisa ngokweqile kunciphisa ukuguquguquka lapho amaqiniso endawo ehluka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uxhaso lwangaphandle ludlala indima enkulu ezinhlelweni zezempilo kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Yomhlaba. Nakuba ukwesekwa kwabanikeli kungandisa ukufinyelela ekuxilongweni nasekulashweni, izinqubomgomo zivame ukubonisa ama-ajenda abanikeli kunezidingo zezwe. Ubuchwepheshe buvame ukwethulwa ngamaphrojekthi okuhlola esikhashana ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokwandisa noma ubunikazi bendawo. Akuvamile ukuthi buhlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zezempilo ezikhona, okudala izithiyo ezisemthethweni kanye nezinselele zezokuthutha. Uma izinqubomgomo seziboshelwe ekutshalweni kwezimali kwabanikeli, azivuselelwa njalo lapho kuvela ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuthembela okuqhubekayo ezindleleni zokuxilonga eziphelelwe yisikhathi njenge-trypanolysis yokuqinisekisa i-HAT, naphezu kwentuthuko ekuxilongweni kwama-molecule, kubonisa le nkinga.
Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-genomics, amathuluzi ezempilo edijithali, ukuxilongwa okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuguqula ukunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke, kusheshisa ukutholwa, kuthuthukise ukuxilongwa, futhi kuvumela amasu okwenza izinqumo nokulawula asekelwe kudatha. Kodwa-ke kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Yomhlaba, ukutholwa kusalokhu kuhamba kancane futhi kungalingani. Nakuba amathuluzi esimanje angaveza ukudluliselwa okufihliwe futhi aphonsele inselelo izinkolelo-mbono zomlando, kusekhona ukungezwani phakathi kokutholwa kwesayensi kanye nezimpendulo zezempilo zomphakathi ezinengqondo nezisebenzayo.
Nakuba uxhaso noma ingqalasizinda elinganiselwe kunegalelo kulesi sikhala, izithiyo zenqubomgomo zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Izinqubomgomo zinquma ukuthi yiziphi ubuchwepheshe ezibekwa phambili, ukuthi zilawulwa kanjani, nokuthi ziyagcinwa yini. Izinhlaka eziningi zenqubomgomo zisekelwe ezindinganisweni ezindala kanye namamodeli okuqapha izifo alwela ukuhlanganisa izinto ezintsha. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha busebenza ezindaweni ezingezona ezisemthethweni, okuvimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokwamukelwa kabanzi.
Ukuze kuhambisane nokusungula izinto ezintsha, izinhlaka zenqubomgomo kumele zivumelane nezimo. Izindlela zokubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo njalo kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula inqubomgomo eziguquguqukayo zingavumela abacwaningi kanye nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuthi bafake ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe.
Ukulingana kufanele futhi kufakwe kuwo wonke amazinga ohlelo lwezempilo. Esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buzosabalala ngokwemvelo, izinqubomgomo kufanele zikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukufinyelela okubandakanya wonke umuntu ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasezindaweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele, kunokuba kube yizikhungo eziphakeme kuphela. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ezinhlelweni zezempilo ezikhona kunokuthembela kuzo mpo amaphrojekthiAmasu acacile kufanele axhumanise ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ukuxhaswa ngezimali okusimeme, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside.
Ukubambezeleka ekufinyeleleni izigaba zomhlaba wonke zokubhekana nezifo ezingapheli kusongela intuthuko ebheke phambili Izinhloso Zokuthuthukiswa Eziqhubekayo kanye nokwelula ukuhlupheka emiphakathini ethintekile. Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kobuchwepheshe obusha ezinhlelweni zezempilo eNingizimu Yomhlaba akusiyona indaba yamandla esayensi kunenqubomgomo, okunomthelela ekubonakaleni obala ocwaningweni, ezintweni eziza kuqala ezikhungweni, kanye nokwethenjwa komphakathi ezinhlelweni zezempilo.
Izinqubomgomo eziphendulayo nezigxile ekufanelekeni zibalulekile ekuvuleni amandla okuguqula izinto ezintsha. Ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, ukuvumelanisa imigomo yokuqeda nezinto zangempela zendawo kanye nezindlela zocwaningo ezihlanganisa wonke umuntu kungaguqula izilinganiso zibe yizilinganiso zangempela zentuthuko. Ngokuhlela kabusha izinhlaka zenqubomgomo, abacwaningi bendawo, ohulumeni kanye nabalingani bezempilo bomhlaba wonke bangasebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buqinisa izinhlelo zezempilo, bunciphise ukungalingani futhi bufake isandla entuthukweni esimeme.
Isithombe ngu ULouis Reed on Unsplash
Disclaimer
Ulwazi, imibono kanye nezincomo ezivezwe kumabhulogi ethu ezivakashi yizo ezabantu abafaka isandla ngabanye futhi azibonisi ngempela izindinganiso nezinkolelo ze-International Science Council.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa kanye nezinguquko Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwenza ucwaningo lokuziphatha endaweni yezepolitiki evinjelwe ngokokuziphatha Funda kabanzi mayelana I-UN ikhuthaza enye indlela ye-GDP - ingabe isayensi yezenhlalo ingakunikeza yona? Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-UHWB iqoka uSylvia Szabo njengoMqondisi Omkhulu omusha 