Ama-agent oshintsho: Ukugqama ezinhlelweni zokusimama ezisekelwe endaweni e-Amazon

Imiphumela yephrojekthi ngokubuka nje

• Iphrojekthi ye-AGENTS ifaka isandla oguqukweni oluguquguqukayo ngokunikeza ukubonakala ezinhlelweni ezincane esifundeni sase-Amazon ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokubambisana okusuka phansi kuya phezulu, ukwenza ikhathalogi, nokumelwa kweminikelo yabo.
• Izinhlangano zomphakathi, uhulumeni kanye nabanye abalingisi bendawo baye bacebisa amanethiwekhi abo okuxhumana nabantu futhi baqala izivivinyo ezintsha zokuthuthukisa imiphumela yokubusa kwendawo.
• Le phrojekthi ibe nomphumela wobuningi bedathasethi enezinto eziguquguqukayo eziyi-120 (izici ze-biophysical, i-socioeconomic kanye nesikhungo) yezinhlelo ezingama-200 ezisekelwe endaweni e-Brazil nasePeru, ngokuhambisana nenani elincane lezibonelo zezifundo.
  

Ibhoboza emanzini anodaka ansundu endaweni ethule yoMfula i-Amazon, osemusha okuthiwa u-Gabriel kanye nomdobi okuthiwa u-Gilberto bahlala eduze kwesikebhe sokhuni. U-Gabriel uxoxisana no-Gilberto mayelana nohlelo lokuphatha izindawo zokudoba lapho umphakathi wabo omncane osogwini lomfula ububambe iqhaza kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, kuyilapho enye intsha yendawo iqopha ingxoxo ngomakhalekhukhwini. Uhlelo lokuphatha olusekelwe emphakathini “lugcina umnotho lapha emphakathini waseTapará Miri,” kusho uGilberto, “futhi lulondoloza lezi zilwane ukuze [inani labantu lilulame futhi] lingashabalali.”

Uhlelo abakhuluma ngalo lugxile ku-arapaima, inhlanzi enkulukazi futhi yakudala yasemanzini ahlanzekile - enye yezinkulu kakhulu nezindala emhlabeni - ezalelwa emfuleni i-Amazon kanye ne-Essequibo. Njengoba zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-9.8 futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-200 [440 lb], ziwumthombo obalulekile wokudla nenzuzo emiphakathini yendawo. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990, ukudoba ngokweqile kwaholela ekwehleni kwenani labantu, futhi lezi zilwane zacishe zashabalala ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Amazon - kuhlanganise nezindawo ezizungeze i-Tapará Miri, ehlala eduze kwedolobha lase-Santarém esifundazweni sase-Brazil i-Pará. Kodwa kusukela lapho, ukuphatha ngokucophelela ngokuhlanganyela - okubandakanya ukuqapha okungaguquguquki kanye 'nezinkathi zokudoba' ezichazwe ngokucacile kanye nobukhulu bezinhlanzi - kubuyisele izinhlanzi emanzini omphakathi. Namuhla, kunemiphakathi engaphezu kwenkulungwane ebamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokuphatha i-Arapaima ezifundeni zaseBrazil zasePara nase-Amazonas.

Indaba ekhuthazayo, kodwa engakaze yabiwe kabanzi kuze kube muva nje. Nakuba i-Amazon iyisizinda sezinto ezintsha nemizamo yokubhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokungqubuzana kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokungalingani, le misebenzi yezinga lendawo ivame ukunganakwa emazingeni aphezulu okubusa, okunomthelela ekuntulekeni kokusekelwa. kanye nokubukelwa phansi kwemiphakathi yasendaweni yasemakhaya kanye neyoMdabu.

Isithombe: Matthew Williams-Ellis

Ukubeka izinhlelo zama-Amazonian endaweni esobala

Kulapho-ke iphrojekthi ye-AGENTS, exhaswe wuhlelo iTransformations to Sustainability (T2S) yayihlose ukwenza umehluko. Kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2022 iphrojekthi ibifuna ukubhala, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokwandisa ukubonakala kwezinhlelo zokusimama ezisekelwe endaweni - njengephrojekthi ye-arapaima ka-Tapará Miri - e-Amazon Basin. Njengengxenye yokusebenzelana kwabo nama-AGENTS (okuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwevidiyo okusekelwe kumakhalekhukhwini kanye nokuxhumana), abantu abasha e-Tapará Miri badale ividiyo - manje ekulo msebenzi. Isiteshi se-YouTube – lapho kuvela khona uGabriel noGilberto.

I-AGENTS ibone izinhlelo eziningi zasendaweni e-Amazon, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokukhiqiza amahlathi, ukuphathwa kwamahlathi, inethiwekhi enkulu yokonga imbewu, A Ibhizinisi lamafutha kakhukhunathi labesifazane bomdabu, Futhi isistimu yezitifiketi ezisebenzayo, phakathi kwabanye abaningi. Iningi lalezi zinhlelo ziseBrazil, ezimbalwa ePeru naseBolivia, futhi eziningi sezisebenze 'ngaphansi kwe-radar' amashumi eminyaka.

Umsebenzi ube nomphumela wemiphumela eminingi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamafomethi, okuhlanganisa ukushicilelwa kwezifundo kanye nemibiko yephrojekthi; isiteshi se-YouTube; incwadi evulelekile mayelana nokubaluleka kwalezi zinhlelo nokuthi izinqubomgomo zingasiza kanjani ukuziqhubekisela phambili; kanye nomcimbi womphakathi obuhanjelwe kahle enyuvesi yendawo ukuze kwabelwane ngemiphumela yephrojekthi nomphakathi. Kuphinde kwadalwa imininingwane egciniwe ye-geospatial, echaze cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200 zezinyathelo ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-900 kanye nomasipala abangaphezu kuka-140, okuhlanganisa idatha yenyama, yebhayoloji, yezomnotho, neyomphakathi.

"Kuyisiqalo senqubo yokunikeza ukubonakala okwengeziwe kubantu abenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu phansi, kodwa ikakhulukazi emphakathini kanye nezibalo ezingabonakali," kusho u-Eduardo Brondizio, umholi wephrojekthi kanye noprofesa we-anthropology e-Indiana University.

“Kanye neminye imizamo eyenzeka esifundeni, sithumela umyalezo futhi sikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi le misebenzi eyenziwa endaweni - abantu abayenzayo ukuthuthukisa indlela yabo yokuziphilisa kanye nezindawo zabo zendawo - empeleni inendima enkulu kakhulu esifundeni, ngoba ekhombisa indlela yokubuyisana nentuthuko yezomnotho kanye nezindaba zemvelo, ngesikhathi futhi sibhekana nezingcindezi eziningi kanye nezithakazelo ezikhuthaza ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nomnotho wezinsiza ezingekho emthethweni; baphambili kakhulu.”

Lo msebenzi uphinde wagqamisa izindlela ubudlelwano bamandla phakathi kwemiphakathi obungaphonswa ngazo inselelo ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusimama ukuze kulethwe ukulingana nokuhlonyiswa okwengeziwe. "Sibhale phansi izinhlelo eziningi eziholwa ngabesifazane," kusho uFabio de Castro, umphenyi oyinhloko kulo msebenzi futhi onguthisha omkhulu e-University of Amsterdam's Center for Latin American Studies, "futhi sibonile ukuthi eminye imiphakathi ikwazile kanjani. ukulungisa kabusha ukulandisa kwabo mayelana nokusimama esimweni sokufakwa komphakathi - ngakho-ke akuphathelene nemvelo kuphela, kodwa kumayelana nokwenza inqubo isimeme ngomqondo obanzi."

Isithombe: i-pickaya.

Inqubo enika amandla

Inqubo yocwaningo ngokwayo - eyayibambe iqhaza kusukela ekuqaleni - inikeze ithuba lokufunda elibalulekile kubo bonke abathintekayo, kusho u-Brondizio. "Ukubambisana nabalingani bethu phansi kuye kwaba namandla kakhulu esigabeni ngasinye senqubo," esho. “Lonke ithimba [locwaningo] beligxile ekusebenzisaneni nababambe iqhaza kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo abebeyithakasela - hhayi nje okuthakaselayo ngokwezemfundo.” Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulungisa ulimi nezingqondo ukuze uhlakulele ukuqonda okufanayo: uhambo olwaludinga kokubili isikhathi nokuthobeka, njengoba kusho u-de Castro.

Uphinde wadonsela ukunaka emthelela woguquko wenqubo. "Inhlangano yabantu abasezindaweni eziphansi iqine impela," kusho u-de Castro. “Futhi ngasohlangothini lwethu, njengabacwaningi, siguqukile kule nqubo. Sifunde okuningi mayelana nendlela yokuxhumana nokuthi singakuvuma kanjani lokhu kukhiqizwa ngokubambisana kolwazi lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ngolwazi lwendawo obeluvele lukhona, ukuze senze leli bhuloho phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zocwaningo.”

UBrondizio uthe le phrojekthi iphinde yenza intuthuko ebalulekile mayelana nokuthola izindlela zokuxhuma izinhlelo ezisekelwe endaweni kanye noshintsho olubanzi lwesifunda. “Kuyinselelo enkulu ukukhombisa ukuthi ukwenza kwabantu kanye nezinqumo ezikhona zingaba nomthelela kanjani endaweni enkulu kakhulu,” esho. "Ukuthuthukisa lezo zindlela, ekuxhumaniseni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi wokubamba iqhaza komphakathi, njengokwandiswa kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza i-agroforestry ngenzwa ekude ngesathelayithi namanye amathuluzi, kumelela inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yendlela."

Izinselele nezinyathelo ezilandelayo

Le phrojekthi ibingenazo izinselelo zayo, ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lubaluleke kakhulu. Iningi lomsebenzi owawuhlelwe mathupha kwadingeka ukuba ukhanselwe phakathi nonyaka wesibili walo msebenzi, futhi abahlanganyeli kwadingeka bathole izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza ndawonye. Ngenhlanhla, ithimba lase lizakhele ubudlelwano obuqinile phakathi nomsebenzi wasensimini ngo-2019 futhi likwazile ukusuka lapho lasebenzisa 'izingxoxo zokucobelelana ngolwazi' eziku-inthanethi namaqembu ahlukene emiphakathi, ikakhulukazi ePeru; umzamo oholwa ngu-PI Krister Andersson kanye nesitshudeni sobudokotela u-Adriana Molina Garzon (University of Colorado). Kodwa-ke, u-Brondizio uthe "kwakuyinselele enkulu ukugcina ezinye zezinhloso zokuqala zephrojekthi," ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Abahlanganyeli abaningi babe nezinselelo zokufinyelela ku-inthanethi kanye nokuxhumana, futhi “amandla okuba segumbini elilodwa”, njengoba u-De Castro akubiza, ayeshoda ngempela.

Nokho, mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, imiphakathi eminingi yabhekana nezimo ezinzima zomuntu siqu, zezombangazwe, nezomnotho phakathi naleso sikhathi, “ngakho yanaka kwenye indawo, ngokuthi yayisesimweni sokusinda, igxile empilweni yayo nendlela yokuziphilisa,” kusho uDe Castro. Lo mongo uphinde waqokomisa 'umugqa omuhle' abacwaningi ababambiqhaza abavame ukuwuzulazula, lapho besondelene kakhulu nemiphakathi “futhi bezama ukuletha amazwi abo kubabukeli abaningi,” kusho u-Brondizio, “kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ithimba locwaningo lilinganiselwe ngokwemibandela yokungenelela esingakwenza phansi.”

Uma sibheka phambili, ithimba lisebenzela ukuqoqa ukunakwa okwengeziwe kwezombusazwe, umphakathi kanye nabezindaba mayelana nezinhlelo, nokuphishekela umucu omusha wephrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi 'Izixhumanisi', egxile ekutheni ulwazi lwendabuko kanye nolwazi lwendawo lungasiza kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kokubandakanya wonke umuntu. i-bioeconomy yemikhiqizo yamahlathi kanye ne-agroforestry, kanye nezindawo zokudoba zezikhukhula e-Amazon. Esithombeni esikhulu, iphrojekthi ngokubambisana iphinde ihlanganise abakhiqizi, izinhlangano, kanye namadlelandawonye asebenza ndawonye ukuze aqonde indlela yokunqoba izithiyo futhi akhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kwevelu eduze nabakhiqizi, ukungenisa imali, ukuqashwa, kanye nokweseka indawo enemisebenzi eminingi yekusasa eliqhakazile, elisimeme - ikakhulukazi. kubantu abasha bendawo abafana noGabriel.

Isithombe: Matthew Williams-Ellis